DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS & VECTOR CALCULUS Syllabus Unit-1 Linear differential equations of higher order (Constant Coefficients) Unit-2 Partial Differential Equations Unit-3 Applications of Partial Differential Equations Unit-4 Vector differentiation Unit-5 Vector integration SK ABDUL SHAKEER ASST.PROFESSORDIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND VECTOR CALCULUS B.Tech (ECE)- Il Sem (20A54201) UNIT -1 Linear differential equations of higher order (Constant Coefficients) Definitions, homogenous and non-homogenous, complimentary function, general solution, particular integral, Wronskian, method of variation of parameters. Simultaneous linear equations, Applications to L-C-R Circuit problems and Mass spring system. UNIT 2: Partial Differential Equations Introduction and formation of Partial Differential Equations by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions, solutions of first order equations using Lagrange’s method. UNIT -3 Applications of Partial Differential Equations Classification of PDE, method of separation of variables for second order equations. Applications of Partial Differential Equations: One dimensional Wave equation, One dimensional Heat equation. UNIT-4 Vector differentiation Scalar and vector point functions, vector operator del, del applies to scalar point functions-Gradient, del applied to vector point functions-Divergence and Curl, vector identities. UNIT -5 Vector integration Line integral-circulation-work done, surface integral-flux, Green’s theorem in the plane (without proof), Stoke’s theorem (without proof), volume integral, Divergence theorem (without proof) and applications of these theorems. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS & VECTOR CALCULUS,unit- | = Linear Dipperential Equations of Higher Order (constant coeppicients ) Depinition ; A Lineor Difperentio) Equation 14 0¢ the’ fon, ) ay am nea 349,93 4,49 x ae 5 > aon a) = 4&9 where P,P. Py awe Conatanty - The equotion © bs called Oo Linear Non~Homogencous Dipgerential Fquobon Lith constant coepptcients Ss i Ho Tn equation RAS xX =O Tan @ ® coed ao rae Diggerential equation pith constant coageycrent . Operoten D ;- od ad pes ost =a 23 i Daing operaton Dy, DET, are nn aa aan Setar, py 32, duet a ' ax / dx / The equation () can be written in Operator Form oO, (S47 eR DL. +h 9 = Xx 2® Ged fCp y= x I Mil n-\ Where #Cp) =. Da psy eo .- +PComplete Solution ;- ‘he Complete solution of order D-E with Constant coepeicients iy given by , Ya cer 4R45 Cor) x aie Where Cy F Cox) Ye ww called ‘complimentary Function ) complimentary ea Cor) General solution of the D-E &(DY=HO. which contains Orbitrony Constants Cy Cn ,Sg77 En And, PI Cox) Bp Ww called “particular Integral " of FCM =X , which dees not Ccontaina any arbi trary conatanta . Complimentary Funebion \- CCF on 9c) Svppore the Given DE , mt ye . es +o UE pads en Se 30 dx” dan) gre ‘The Operoton Foon , (e+ Pm wae By cae Ph) 3 = % cor) -© ftp y =X where, f(D) = B47, O14 e+ aoe Py consider, $(0)3 =0 —>@‘n The Auniliosy Equation is A a wag Bl BT 5 +P =O This ty @ Polynomial equation th Sn’ bhaw'ng degree , ‘ and it hod ‘wn! noobs ay My ML My In Depending upon the nature of the noobs Complimentony Function (c-F Cr 4) th depined Gb follows »- Sno} Roots op AE Ltm)=0 | C.F (comphinertaay Function) 31% >] Oe gs ss ave seal Cre eMY ee and distinct moots = Qa a Mg MI (cr eax) en, eras ae) Caspers re sunt and 3 | immer Ee axe eM ey cm Cie Three moots are meal & epual and nest are neal & diatioct ) + ted Two moots ore compler Aoy x +1B , X-IP and remaining are neal & dipperent E,cospx FGSinpx) epics ¢. on; + Ge ne m + Cy eT ohm Ip Atip Cimaginany) repeated ( +9 Cobpx) + (Gt Cyn )SInp)SF 5. | twice and Remaining Are, + OY geet yn a : evo neol & distinct see a3 > mys te Bm NB Be ve (Crcos hE + GSinhVEx) &% ( avational moots) and 6, Ee. TM aoe pan Remaining axe meal and | + GO> + ons dvatinet. £m)X 1) Solve, ads _ 4 ay +\5¥3 =O dx Aan Sol ole Ge, ads ~1399 41sy =6 axe ax The operator Fon (gn-— 1b +15) 4¥=0 The Auxiliony Equation 8 (m) = 0 aw isi +15 = 0 Comporin 1 = poring with) Os. bint c <0 O=2, b=-183, cols = -bt Je yac eee 20- Het Tent y Gs) aa 134 Vieqciao a6 3) = “The noots ore neal and distince * as The General Solution, Y= c, e+ co erea) Sowe , ¥"—6y" any) 6y =O SOF Given equation, SY _ Ea 4yd¥ Ley L'6 de due da The operoton form (D6 +ND-6)¥=0 Dz SC The Auntiliory Equokion , wh- 6b 41m —6= 0 Synthetic division as \ -6 " -4 mal lou oe lg | -r 6 Ilo Ca-) Dw 5m+6) =0 Cn) Om=2) C3) = 0 m2 1,23 The roots axe meal & distinc’ “The General Solution | > sole de ade, 5 dey =o ae Je de Sole The Operaten form Of Given D-E, (@W-30 4sp-b.)x = 6 peg The Aussi liory Equation, we —amdpam—\20 Qnty =0 mat, ld Aooky ave meal & equal4) Solve , (d-6p413)3 =6 Solr The Auxiliony Equattog $m) = 6 wR 6m +13. = 0 Comporing with, om. bm au c=0 O21, b=~6 CH='3 , 2 -bx J B= 40c 20 CO VCO™ Fate) 20) 6&4 J3e-50 Q - 6 +1=e~ “Rooks om = The noobs Ore. imaginas y The General Solution ) , x Wick « (€, cos Px + c.sin pat ) ex CD18 = (Cc, conan o Sinan) &%1) Pb Soe y" \ a >» y"y yl-2y =O , YlO=H, Yl Coy=) Solr @iven D-E Canbe Written in Operaten form ay! es (t+d-2)3 = 0 AE omt4m-2 =O * rep am — m—-2 =O om (yn) — Ont2) sO a4 [m- = 6 meld Roots ove Yea) & Ditinct- “Thos, The General solubion ts = wu = Y= ger +e,E% 50 eqn @ wer bo Sx! Dingeventi ating Ve sn yiz cct-ac.e"% © Using the dota ¥(O)= + y' (od = J Yeh, %=0 gia. , 20 sub. in ©, @ rrenpectively Oren oh 9G Cc Hag, <1 -—@ SoWing thant, From @ C= 4% Arb.n ® » & HG -2g =) Hence, the required solution 48)Pb) Solve - (+ aps=o Sob AE wi427 =O w+s 20 G48 = Co4b) (or ob+) Oats) Crd 3m+49) = 0 am +4 = ane DE YEDE HD acy a La VIB 2 '4 {=n of pet w& ea ~~ The Genero) soe 1)Pb) 30h, y oh ‘se {osy ed a ax +, 2 Sly The operate form (B+SD+ os)$zo AE Ww wheyarem +o =O awit-omrm-+ l= 0 am Gme)4 Gnti) = 0 Ou) Bera=0 ©) awit amd 1 = 0 marl, My ‘The Genera) Solution 4 \ v4 Bm 4h 20 oh CG ekAa Ge——$_____ 3. # Pb) Solve se —wyS +ey =o de Solr the operate forn 78, G-md+e)¥=0 Das The Auxiliary Eguatien, wi — len +8 = 0 wal 1 0) aut eg ; O -h 6 -e Ve ae (om 4) Loe om +3) =O m+ =O mo} wi 4m +2 = 0 nas TOE M168 Lu a tba 3 = 2avr aoa (409) ey Sas hy, 2a The Genera) solution | ; ; ze ya cy ge tare (crcos ht E+ qshhize ) é | (1! The givat moot oO neal 2eok smenanieg ove, Irrational ) @qP ‘ = »» Solve, dix He 3 ae 4B ayx= 0 det d ae Cor) Solve (Gt- ad adiyo +4) 220 / b= a ie Sooo the Given Equation , (vt-s3-adyy04+4) x20 DF a ‘The Auxiliary Equation | at — aw? — 3m ym + = oO mad \ “2 & ° a ‘, —4 5 -A lo 1 6 G@a-2) [wm + om>—3m—2) = On-2) [>? -3m- p= 7 9N-220, We-3moa = =almer mo —m-2 = 0 mm! —arapm-2 sd /\ 7 (m2) +1. On-2) =0 On-a) fmt] 20 Dye Si+1] =0 Dy. V2 we Ra, slg) The Two -TWo Aoobs Of AVE One eal & Same The Gemevo) Solution —-Y =(¢y +Gr) e 4+(63 4 Cyn) OF ®PE) Solve, (B= 4) ¥ =O SU the = Auxiliary Equation , Cri 4 =0 Nee wha (x- 4 =D &-4) G4) = 0 Meh, Rol Gd mba g min y web. , mabe ss Mme wry mh, od & equal. The Too — Two 00m of ASE are reo) v “The Geneva) Solubon 5 2 SS [e Ye (itaxye + (Cy + Oy) & N)Ph) Solve (ot 4 SD416)¥ =O Slr Given equation (D+ EN +16) ¥ =o The Auxiliory Fquabon wt 4 Qi $16 = 0 lee ma oe wre gn le = 0 (rit = 6 Reh, ME H4 Cea whe Hy 7 whe Ms wei ym = vet , axtip “20, Bar Mowry Noors Mepeated twice. ¥=(@+ Ca cos re + (+O) singe] PR “The inag The General Solution,Pb) Solve, @t+4)¥3 = 0 Cor) Solve aty ) = eet to Sole! Given, Equation, (O44) 4 =0 A} Ey mt py = 6 Coto a =0 ba ay awt(r) tam) = 0 ree (ab 4ay — um = 0 Ory I — Cam = O a-B = (o-b) (arb) (why a am) (wy r42%9) =6 wy r-2m =O 7 wiywmt2=6 wh_am+2 = 6 me Coase 9 ne TR TCP Sioa wo) > 24 V5 = a ea = aaal _-2e2t ae ia apie ~ Ix a-ia) 2asip sok ip (3) (xsl, Bet) eile B=") “svat ald The Gnera\ Solution , St (e\cosm 4 ey sin) By Ce, conn sion) a*