DO MY ASSIGNMENT SUBMIT
Sample: Python - Fractals
Code Listing
#!python3
import tkinter
IMAGE_SIZE = 512 # fractal image size
HALF_SIZE = IMAGE_SIZE / 2
CONV_CRITERIA = 10e-3 # the convergence criteria
MAX_ITER = 20 # the maximum number of iterations
H = 10e-4 # delta z value used to compute the derivative of a function
# Colors for different function roots
colors = ((255, 0, 0), (0, 255, 0), (0, 0, 255),
(255, 255, 0), (255, 0, 255), (0, 255, 255))
# Converts image point coordinates to the complex plane coordinates
def convert_coords(x, y):
x = (x - HALF_SIZE) / HALF_SIZE
y = (y - HALF_SIZE) / HALF_SIZE
return complex(x, y)
# Finds a root of a complex function given a starting point $z,
# an error bound $err and an upper iteration limit $iterCount
def find_root(f, z, err, iterCount):
tmp = z + err + 1 # stores previous $z value
iteration = 0 # stores the number of iterations made
while (abs(tmp - z) > err) and (iteration < iterCount):
# Compute function value at $z point
fz = f(z)
# Compute the numerical derivative of the function at $z point
df_dz = (f(z + complex(H, H)) - fz) / complex(H, H)
# Check if $z point won't converge to any of the roots
if df_dz == 0:
return None
tmp = z # save the previous $z complex number value
z = z - fz / df_dz # perform an iteration
iteration += 1
return (z, iteration)
W W W . A S S I G N M E N T E X P E R T. C O M
DO MY ASSIGNMENT SUBMIT
# Returns the number of function root
# to which a given $z complex number converges
def get_root_number(z, roots):
minDistance = abs(z - roots[0])
rootNumber = 0
# Find a root which has the minimum distance to $z number
for k in range(1, len(roots)):
tmp = abs(z - roots[k])
if tmp < minDistance:
minDistance = tmp
rootNumber = k
return rootNumber
# Draws a Newton fractal of the specified complex function on a given image
def draw_fractal(fun, roots, image):
for x in range(IMAGE_SIZE):
for y in range(IMAGE_SIZE):
# Find the root using the coordinates of current pixel
# as the starting point for Newton's method
res = find_root(fun, convert_coords(x, y), CONV_CRITERIA, MAX_ITER)
if res == None:
continue # do not color the points that do not converge
# Get the root found and the number of iterations made
z, i = res
# Get the color of the exact root the found root converges to
rootColor = colors[get_root_number(z, roots)]
# Get color depth
depth = (MAX_ITER - i) / MAX_ITER
# Multiply the components of the exact root color by depth
RGB = tuple(int(depth * a) for a in rootColor)
# Set the color of the image pixel at (x, y)
image.put("#{0:02x}{1:02x}{2:02x}".format(*RGB), (x, y))
W W W . A S S I G N M E N T E X P E R T. C O M
DO MY ASSIGNMENT SUBMIT
# Configures the window to display a fractal in
# Returns an image to draw the fractal on
def configure_window(window, title):
window.title(title) # set window title
# Create a Canvas widget
canvas = tkinter.Canvas(window, width = IMAGE_SIZE, height = IMAGE_SIZE)
# Create a PhotoImage to draw fractal on
img = tkinter.PhotoImage(width = IMAGE_SIZE, height = IMAGE_SIZE)
canvas.create_image((HALF_SIZE, HALF_SIZE), image = img)
canvas.pack() # put canvas widget on the window
return img
# f(z) = z^3 - 1
def f1(z):
return z ** 3 - 1
# f1 complex function roots
f1_roots = (1 + 0j, -(1j ** (1/3)), 1j ** (2/3))
# f(z) = z^3 - 2z + 2
def f2(z):
return z ** 3 - 2 * z + 2
# f2 complex function roots
f2_roots = (-1.76929 + 0j, 0.88465 - 0.58974j, 0.88456 + 0.58974j)
# f(z) = z^5 - 1
def f3(z):
return z ** 5 - 1
# f3 complex function roots
f3_roots = (-1 + 0j, 1j ** (1/5), -(1j ** (2/5)), 1j ** (3/5), -(1j ** (4/5)))
def main():
# Create the toplevel window
window_1 = tkinter.Tk()
img_1 = configure_window(window_1, "f(z) = z^3 - 1")
draw_fractal(f1, f1_roots, img_1) # draw a fractal for f1
img_1.write("fractal_1.gif", "gif") # save the fractal to file
W W W . A S S I G N M E N T E X P E R T. C O M
DO MY ASSIGNMENT SUBMIT
# Create a window to display the second function fractal
window_2 = tkinter.Toplevel()
img_2 = configure_window(window_2, "f(z) = z^2 - 2z + 2")
draw_fractal(f2, f2_roots, img_2) # draw a fractal for f2
img_2.write("fractal_2.gif", "gif") # save the fractal to file
# Create a window for showing the third function fractal
window_3 = tkinter.Toplevel()
img_3 = configure_window(window_3, "f(z) = z^5 - 1")
draw_fractal(f3, f3_roots, img_3) # draw a fractal for f3
img_3.write("fractal_3.gif", "gif") # save the fractal to file
window_1.mainloop() # run the GUI application loop
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
f(z) = z3 - 1
W W W . A S S I G N M E N T E X P E R T. C O M
DO MY ASSIGNMENT SUBMIT
f(z) = z3 - 2z + 2
f(z) = z5 - 1
W W W . A S S I G N M E N T E X P E R T. C O M
