OFS-SSS-416-R01 Static Synchronous Compensator (Statcom)

Document Reference: OFS-SSS-416-R1

400 kV and 220 kV Static Synchronous

Compensator (STATCOM)

Functional Specification

Revision Date Description Originator Reviewer Checker Approver

R0 24/05/2022 First Issue Vitali Garon Daniele Giustini, Leon Notkevich, Aidan Corcoran,
Niall McMahon Neil Cowap Richard Blanchfield

Issued for Daniele Giustini, Leon Notkevich,

R1 25/10/2022 Vitali Garon Louise O’Flanagan
use James Staunton Neil Cowap

COPYRIGHT © EirGrid
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be modified or reproduced or copied in any form
or by means - graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or
information and retrieval system, or used for any purpose other than its designated purpose,
without the written permission of EirGrid

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Contents
1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 3
2 HEALTH AND SAFETY 10
3 SERVICE CONDITIONS 10
4 SCOPE OF THIS SPECIFICATION 11
5 POWER SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 12
6 MAIN STATCOM CHARACTERISTICS 13
7 STATCOM PROTECTION AND CONTROL REQUIREMENTS 22
8 MAIN STATCOM COMPONENTS REQUIRED FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES 24
9 ENGINEERING STUDIES 30
10 MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS 32
11 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING 38
12 INSTALLATION 45
13 COMPLIANCE WITH SPECIFICATION 47
14 DOCUMENTATION 47
15 TRAINING 49
16 APPENDIX A: STUDIES AND REPORTS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE CUSTOMER 50

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1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This Functional Specification is applicable for use in offshore wind transmission links
delivered by the Customer as Contestable Works, to be owned and operated by EirGrid.
The following specification outlines the general requirements for the design, procurement,
construction and commissioning of static synchronous compensators (STATCOM’s) for use in
onshore compensation compounds (OCC) that will be owned and operated by EirGrid.
This specification should be read in association with the project specific contestable works
pack and project documentation and all other relevant functional specifications as issued by
EirGrid.
For the purpose of this specification the term Customer shall refer to Offshore Wind Power
Developers, Independent Power Producers responsible for the design and build of assets to
be handed over to EirGrid.
The purpose of this STATCOM functional specification is to ensure that new STATCOMs
supplied by Customers shall comply with EirGrid's requirements and the latest industry
standards and practices.
The document ‘STATCOM Technical Schedule’ OTS-SSS-416 sets out the particular
technical requirements of this application. Note that most parameters of the Technical
Schedule shall be completed during the design by Customer in consultation with EirGrid.

1.1 DEFINITION OF STATCOM

A static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a reactive power regulating device based
on the voltage sourced converter (VSC) used to maintain ac system voltages and to enhance
the stability of the ac system. The basic function of the STATCOM is to provide dynamic
reactive support in order to help control the voltage at the connection point. An advantage of
a STATCOM is its ability to provide rated capacitive reactive current when the voltage is low.
The STATCOM system consists of a range of physical components consisting of reactors,
power transformers, auxiliary transformers, AIS MV busbars, cooling equipment and Voltage
Source Converter (VSC) technology.
The VSC equipment shall be housed in a conventional building or suitable metal containers
appropriately sized to cater for operation and maintenance activities for the equipment’s
design life.
The control building (and other relevant civil and structural works) shall be built in accordance
with EirGrid’s Substation Civil and Building Works specification OFS-SSS-417.

1.2 UTILISATION OF STATCOM

STATCOMs may be required for the following applications subject to design review, risk
assessment and review by EirGrid and any conditions listed herein:
1. Provision of Grid Code reactive compensation requirements.
2. Support of power system stability.

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After the networks studies are complete it is unlikely that an SVC will be able to satisfy the
criteria of the grid code.

1.3 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AC Alternating Current
AIS Air Insulated Switchgear
CT Current Transformer
DC Direct Current
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EU European Union
FAT Factory Acceptance Test
FACTS Flexible AC Transmission Systems
FVT Factory Verification Tests
HV High Voltage
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
HVDC High Voltage Direct Current
IEC International Electro-technical Committee
IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
IP Ingress Progression
LV Low Voltage
LVAC Low Voltage Alternating Current
P&C Protection & Control
PLC Power Line Carrier
rms root mean square
SAT Site Acceptance Tests
STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
TARGET Defined as the target voltage the system is trying to keep the voltage as
VOLTAGE close as possible to.

TAO Transmission Asset Owner

US United States
UV Ultra Violet
VBE Valve Based Electronics
VSC Voltage Source Converter
VT Voltage Transformer
SSCI Sub-Synchronous Control Interaction

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1.4 LEGISLATION
Equipment offered shall be compliant with the provisions of the latest applicable versions of
all relevant Irish legislation and directives of the European Union.
These include the following or latest versions/ amendments as appropriate:

SI No. 132 Safety signs regulations 1995 (implements EEC Directive 92/58)
SI No. 291 Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Construction) Regulations
Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (General Application) Regulations
SI No. 299
2007
Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (General Application)
SI No. 445
(Amendment) Reg. 2012
Reg (EC) No Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals
1907/2006 (REACH)
Reg (EC) No Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures
1272/2008 (CLP)
Reg (EU) No Fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing regulation (EC) No
517/2014 842/2006
Reg (EU) Format of labels for products and equipment containing fluorinated
2015/2068 greenhouse gases
Reg (EU) Format for notification of the training and certification programmes of
2015/2065 the Member States
Minimum requirements and the conditions for mutual recognition for the
certification of natural persons carrying out installation, servicing,
Reg EU
maintenance, repair or decommissioning of electrical switchgear
2015/2066
containing fluorinated greenhouse gases or recovery of fluorinated
greenhouse gases from stationary electrical switchgear
Directive Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and
2011/65/EU electronic equipment (ROHS)
Directive
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)
2012/19/EU
Directive Harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to
2014/30/EU electromagnetic compatibility
Vol. I and II ("ADR 2019") European Agreement Concerning the
ECE/TRANS/275
International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
Minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of
Directive
workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic
2013/35/EU
fields)
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation
ICNIRP
Protection (ICNIRP)

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Equipment shall carry the CE Mark in accordance with Directive 768/2008/EC and the EU
Construction Products Regulation (No. 305/2011 – CPR) and adequate documentation to
demonstrate full compliance should be retained.
In order to prove compliance, the equipment shall carry the CE Mark in accordance with
Direction 768/2008/EC and the EU Construction Products Regulation (No. 305/2011 – CPR)
where required.
The proposed STATCOM shall comply with the EirGrid Grid Code requirements.
The Grid Code is the technical document which establishes the rules governing the operation,
maintenance and development of the transmission system and sets out the procedures for
governing the actions of all transmission system users.

1.5 NATIONAL INTERNATIONAL AND OTHER APPLICABLE STANDARDS

Except where otherwise stated in the functional specification, materials shall be designed,
manufactured, tested and installed according to relevant IEC and/or EN standards.
Where available, the Irish adaptation of European standards (IS EN version), including any
national normative aspects shall be applied.
Where no IEC standard or EN standard has been issued to cover a particular subject then an
international or British Standard shall be applied. The latest edition and amendments shall
apply in all cases.
The equipment shall comply with the latest editions of the international standards, codes and
normative references indicated below, and the latest editions of the standards that they
reference.

1.6 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Number Title

IEC 60060 High Voltage Test Techniques - Series

IEC 60068 Environmental testing - Series
IEC 60071-1 Insulation co-ordination - Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules
IEC 60071-2 Insulation co-ordination - Part 2: Application guide
IEC 60076-1 Power transformers - Part 1: General
IEC 60076-2 Power transformers - Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid immersed transformers
IEC 60076-3 Power transformers - Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external
clearances in air
IEC 60076-4 Power transformers - Part 4: Guide to lightning impulse and switching impulse
testing - Power transformers and reactors
IEC 60076-5 Power transformers - Part 5: Ability to withstand short-circuit
IEC 60076-6 Power transformers - Part 6: Reactors
IEC 60076-8 Power transformers - Part 8: Application guide
IEC 60076-10 Power transformers - Part 10: Determination of sound levels

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Number Title

IEC 60099-1 Surge Arresters Part 1: Non-linear resistor type gapped arresters for AC systems
IEC 60099-3 Surge Arresters Part 2: Artificial pollution testing of surge arresters
IEC 60099-4 Surge Arresters Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for AC systems
IEC 60146-1-1 Semiconductor Converters – General requirements and line commutated
converters Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements
IEC 60146-1-3 Semiconductor Converters – General requirements and line commutated
converters Part 1-3: Transformers and Reactors
IEC 60146-2 Semiconductor Converters – General requirements and line commutated
converters Part 2: Self-commutated semiconductor converters including direct
DC converters
IEC 60168 Tests on indoor and outdoor post insulators of ceramic material or glass for
systems with nominal voltages greater than 1 kV
IEC 60255 Measuring relays and protection equipment - Series
IEC 60270 High-voltage test techniques - Partial discharge measurements
IEC 60273 Characteristics of Indoor and Outdoor Post Insulators for System with nominal
voltages greater than 1000 V
IEC 60437 Radio interference test on high-voltage insulators
IEC 60507 Artificial Pollution Tests on High-Voltage ceramic and glass insulators to be used
on AC systems
IEC 60529 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60551 Determination of transformer and reactor sound levels
IEC 60549 High voltage fuse for external protection of shunt capacitors
IEC 60721-2-6 Classification of environmental conditions - Part 2: Environmental conditions
appearing in nature. Earthquake vibration and shock
IEC 60747-6 Semiconductor devices Part 6: Thyristors
IEC 60747-9 Semiconductor devices discrete devices Part 9: Insulated-gate bipolar transistors
(IGBTs)
IEC 60794-1-1 Optical fibres General
IEC 60794-1-2 Optical fibres General Specification basic optical cable test procedures
IEC/TS 60815 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in
polluted conditions - Series
IEC 60865 Short circuit currents – Calculation of Effects
IEC 60871-1 Shunt Capacitors for AC. power systems having a rated voltage above
1000 V - Part 1: General
IEC 60871-2 Shunt Capacitors for AC power systems having a rated voltage above
1000 V - Part 2 Endurance testing
IEC 60871-3 Shunt Capacitors for AC power systems having a rated voltage above
1000 V - Part 3: Protection of shunt capacitors and capacitor banks

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Number Title

IEC 60871-4 Shunt Capacitors for AC power systems having a rated voltage above
1000 V - Part 4: Internal fuses
IEC 60943 Guidance concerning the permissible temperature rise for parts of
electrical equipment, in particular for terminals
IEC 61000-4-1 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-1: Testing and measurement
techniques – Overview of IEC 61000-4 series
IEC 61071 Capacitors for Power Electronics
IEC 61462 Composite hollow insulators – Pressurized and un-pressurized insulators
for use in electrical equipment with rated voltage greater than 1000 V –
Definitions, test methods, acceptance criteria and design
recommendations
IEC 61642 Industrial a.c. networks affected by harmonics - Application of filters and
shunt capacitors
IEC 61869 Instrument transformers – Series
IEC 61936-1 Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC - Part 1: Common rules
IEC 61954 Static VAR compensators (SVC) - Testing of thyristor valves
IEC 62199 Bushings for DC application
IEC (Draft) High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: Common
17A/1085/CD specifications for alternating current switchgear and controlgear
IEC 62474 Material declaration for products of and for the electro technical industry
IEC 62751-1 Power losses in voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage
direct current (HVDC) systems - Part 1: General requirements
IEC 62751-2 Power losses in voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high voltage
direct current (HVDC) systems - Part 2: Modular multilevel converters
IEC TR 62757 Fire prevention measures on converters for high-voltage direct current
(HVDC) systems, static var compensators (SVC) and flexible ac
transmission systems (FACTS) and their valve halls
IEC (Draft) Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for static synchronous
22F/380/CD compensator (STATCOM) - Electrical testing
IEC TR 60757 Fire prevention measures on converters for high-voltage direct current
(HVDC) systems, static var compensators (SVC) and flexible ac
transmission systems (FACTS) and their valve halls
IEC/TS 60815-1 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in
polluted conditions. Definitions, information and general principles
IEC/TS 60815-2 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in
polluted conditions. Ceramic and glass insulators
IEC/TS 60815-3 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in
polluted conditions. Polymer insulators for a.c. systems
IEC/TR 61000- Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Limits. Assessment of emission limits
3-6 for the connection of distorting installations to MV, HV and EHV power
systems

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Number Title

IEEE 519 IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in
Electric Power Systems
IEEE Standard 18 Standard for Shunt Power Capacitors
IEEE Standard IEEE Guide for Application and Specification of Harmonic Filters.
1531
EN ISO 3746 Acoustics – determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels
of noise sources using sound pressure – survey method using and
enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane.
EN ISO 9614 Acoustics – determination of sound power levels of noise sources using
sound intensity – Series
ET:103: 2015 National Rules for Electrical Installations Power installations exceeding
1 kV AC.
IEC ISO 3746 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels
of noise sources using sound pressure - Survey method using an
enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane

1.7 OTHER RELEVANT STANDARDS

Number Title

EN ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems

CIGRE Technical Brochure 144 Static synchronous Compensator

CIGRE Technical Brochure 074 Electric Power Transmission and the Environment: Fields,
Noise and Interference. Cigré. Working Group 36.01
(Corona and Field Effects)

CIGRE Technical Brochure 663 Guidelines for the procurement and testing of STATCOMS

CIGRE Technical Brochure 717 Protocol for reporting operational performance of FACTS

International Commission on Guidelines for limiting exposure to time varying electric,

Non-Ionizing Radiation magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)
Protection Health Phys. 74 (4): 494-522; 1998.

EU Council Recommendation of on the limitation of exposure of the general public to

12 July 1999 electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) (1999/519/EC)

Where a particular subject is not covered by one of the above standards then a recognised
national standard shall apply.

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This specification shall take precedence in case of conflict between it and any of the listed
standards.
In addition, there shall be compliance with the provisions of all relevant Directives of the
European Communities relating to work equipment, i.e. in regard to safety of personnel who
operate and maintain the equipment, in regard to Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) of the
equipment (Directive 2004/108/EC) and in regard to ‘the minimum health and safety
requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents
(electromagnetic fields)’ (Directive 2004/40/EC).

2 HEALTH AND SAFETY

Please refer to Health and Safety requirements as outlined in EirGrid Safe by Design
Methodology XDS-SDM-00-001-R0.
It is the responsibility of the customer to produce a suitable & sufficient design risk
assessment.
A register of the hazards shall be submitted and shall include those hazards associated with
the physical arrangement of the equipment (e.g. trip/fall hazards) which may pose a danger
during off-load maintenance access, and those associated with the in-service operation of the
equipment (e.g. stray magnetic fields, high temperatures, fluid leaks, presence of dangerous
voltages).
The risk assessment must ensure that the design is safe and without risk to health when
properly used by a person at a place of work, taking into account the initial installation, time
based inspection, time based maintenance requirements, operation activities,
decommissioning and future extension of the switchgear.
Any additional control measures deemed applicable shall be mutually agreed with EirGrid.

3 SERVICE CONDITIONS
Service conditions shall be as set out in the EirGrid OFS-SSS-400 Onshore Compensation
Compound General Requirements specification.

3.1 SERVICE EXPERIENCE

The proposed STATCOM supplier shall have:
At least 4 years’ experience in the design and installation of the relevant voltage/current
range (or higher) of the STATCOM as specified herein and is in use in at least one EU utility.
As an alternative to such experience within the EU, similar experience with British, Swiss,
Japanese, Australian, Korean or US/Canadian utility would be considered.
If the design team and production facilities proposed are relocated existing facilities using
substantially the same workforce and equipment, the combined time of both plants would be
considered.

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3.2 CLEARANCE FROM LIVE PARTS

Clearances from live parts shall be as set out in the latest revision of the EirGrid Onshore
Station General Requirements functional specification OFS-SSS-400 and Grid Code.
The Customer shall design ensure maximum safety of personnel during operation,
maintenance, repairing/replacement and decommissioning.
The general layout of the VSC plant shall be such as to permit sufficient clearance for
accessibility, necessary maintenance activities and replacement of VSC components. The
Customer shall supply fully documented method statements for the maintenance and
replacement procedures for the system.
Suitable space shall be provided in the relay room to enable replacement equipment to be
built and installed off-line which will minimise future outage requirements.
Access gates or panels to low level mounted HV AIS equipment (bottom of insulator
<2300 mm above ground, and >1 kV) e.g. HV capacitor banks, SVC, HV reactors etc. shall
be secured using fixing bolts at minimum of 2 no. fixing points and shall not be secured with a
lock; so that to access to the mini compound one or two section of the minicompound fence
have to be removed.

3.3 SITE & ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

The customer shall design and demonstrate mechanical adequacy to deal with the following
loading effects (electrical and mechanical):

• Wind and ice loading.

• Forces due to expansion and contraction due to ambient temperature and load
variations.
• Electromagnetic forces including those arising from short circuit or fault conditions.
Functional requirements with respect to environmental conditions are as set out in EirGrid
functional specification OFS-SSS-400, Onshore Compensation Compound General
Requirements.
Environmental conditions according to OFS-SSS-400, including effects of solar gain and wind
speeds, shall be considered by the overall design.
A 40-year design life in a marine/coastal environment is required. Please refer to sections on
corrosion protection for further detail.

4 SCOPE OF THIS SPECIFICATION

This functional specification is applicable to the complete STATCOM assembly up to, and
including, the main coupling transformer at the interface point. For avoidance of doubt, any
primary equipment connected on the HV side of the coupling transformer is outside the scope
of this functional specification and standard EirGrid specifications shall apply.
This functional specification applies to all primary/secondary equipment including, but not
limited to, the following:

• Power transformer

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• MV switchgear

• Capacitor banks

• Reactors

• STATCOM units

• LVAC supply systems

• Interfaces with site LVAC supply systems for start-up.

• DC supply systems

• Protection systems

• STATCOM Control systems

• STATCOM VSC
• Interfaces with substation SCADA
• Cooling system

5 POWER SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS

The equipment shall be suitable for installation and connection to the Transmission system.
The design parameters are specified in EirGrid Onshore Compensation Compound General
Requirements functional specification OFS-SSS-400, EirGrid Grid Code and project specific
documentation.
Site specific requirements, such as connection voltage, system strength, X/R ratios and
harmonic characteristics, are provided by EirGrid on a project by project basis and are
contained in Project Specific Technical Schedule.
Some system parameters specifically dealing with requirements for STATCOM design have
also been specified in this specification.

5.1 SYSTEM FREQUENCY

The STATCOM design shall remain stable and comply with the rated, maximum continuous
and minimum continuous frequency ranges and the excursions detailed below in Table 1
The STATCOM should operate within its given characteristics and remain connected during
rate of change of the transmission frequency of values up to and including 1 Hz per second.
Following a system frequency excursion outside the range 49.5 – 50.5 Hz detailed in Table 1,
system frequency shall stabilise to a value between 49.5 – 50.5 Hz. No consideration
therefore need be given to consecutive frequency excursions outside the range 49.5 – 50.5
Hz. System frequency variations and durations shall be in accordance with Table 1

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Table 1 - System Frequency

System frequency (Hz) Duration

49.5 – 52 STATCOM to operate and remain connected for 60 min

49.5 – 50.5 Continuous operation

47.5 – 49.5 STATCOM have to operate and remain connected for 60 min

47.0 – 47.5 STATCOM to remain connected for 30 seconds each time the
frequency is below 47.5 Hz.

6 MAIN STATCOM CHARACTERISTICS

6.1 GENERAL
The Customer shall propose a STATCOM configuration that meets both the performance
requirements detailed in this specification and the project specific requirements detailed in
Project Specific Technical Schedule.

6.2 PROJECT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

Project specific requirements, STATCOM characteristics, including those shown in Project
Specific Technical Schedule, shall be proposed by Customer and submitted to EirGrid for
review. Statcom Performance Requirements

6.2.1 CONTINUOUS AND SHORT TIME CURRENT RATINGS

The STATCOM and its components shall be designed to withstand the specified continuous
rated current, available emergency overloads during, and post power system faults specified
in this document, shown in Project Specific documentation and calculated in the Customer
Network System Studies.
The effects of worst-case tolerances for individual components (e.g. transformers, capacitors
and reactors), supply system frequency variations and the relevant environmental conditions
stated in this document and in Project Specific documentation, shall be taken into account in
the design.
The rated output of the STATCOM shall be as shown in Project Specific documentation to be
developed by Customer. The STATCOM shall be capable of varying the output continuously
over the full required leading and lagging reactive power range. This rated output shall be
continuously available and controllable at the connection point (i.e. the HV terminals of the
coupling transformer) in accordance with the operating characteristics detailed in Project
Specific Technical documentation. The design points defining the operating characteristics
are either shown in Project Specific Technical Schedule or to be agreed with EirGrid during
the design.
A study report with full calculations which demonstrates that these requirements are satisfied
shall be provided as outlined further in Appendix A.

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6.2.2 REQUIREMENTS DURING VOLTAGE DISTURBANCES

When the transmission system voltage deviates from the normal operating range, special
control strategies shall be implemented which override the normal control modes.
The Customer shall provide the STATCOM’s capability to provide the maximum current
injection (either lagging or leading) according to the voltage levels defined in and the
operating characteristic as shown in Project Specific Technical Schedule.
Furthermore, the STATCOM shall remain connected to the transmission system, during the
disturbance, and be capable of responding with continuously variable reactive power across
this range to support voltage stability.
Table 2 - Minimum duration of Maximum Current Injection (Either Lagging or Leading)

Voltage ranges (p.u.) at Reference to the Minimum duration of

the connection point1 operating maximum current
characteristics injection
design points2

1.32 - 1.43 BB’A’A 80 ms

1.21 – 1.32 BB’A’A 500 ms

1.1 – 1.21 BB’A’A 1s

1.1 – 0.9 BCFG Continuous operation

0.9 – 0.7 GH 20 min

0.7 – 0.3 GH 2s

0.9 – 0.3 HH’G’G 800 ms

6.2.2.1 REQUIREMENTS DURING HIGH VOLTAGE DISTURBANCES:

a) In the leading (inductive) range the STATCOM shall meet the requirements of,
following and followed by operation at the maximum inductive capability.

1
The voltage refers to the connection point to the transmission network (i.e. the HV terminals
of the coupling transformer). The durations defined in Error! Reference source not found.
aim to provide post fault support for sufficient periods to incorporate the time required by
automated systems to function and to enable Control Room manual switching on the
transmission system for post fault management
2 The operating characteristic diagram is shown in the Project Specific Technical Schedule

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b) For voltages exceeding the magnitude in , the customer shall describe the
recommended action the STATCOM shall take. For these circumstances (transient
over voltages) a control action is preferred to a protective trip.
c) The short time capability of the STATCOM in the inductive range shall be declared by
the Customer.

6.2.2.2 REQUIREMENTS DURING LOW VOLTAGE DISTURBANCES

a) For periods beyond the minimum defined period in , the STATCOM output can be
reduced to zero MVAr but the main STATCOM circuit breaker shall not be opened.
b) The STATCOM shall be capable of generating MVAr in accordance with pre-
excursion set points and targets within 500 ms of the system voltage returning above
the voltage point at which the STATCOM de-blocks. This voltage point is defined in
Project Specific Technical Schedule.
c) The Customer shall declare the short time capability of the STATCOM in the
capacitive range.

6.2.3 FAULT RIDE-THROUGH

The STATCOM shall meet the fault ride-through requirements as outlined in Table 1and of
this specification. The STATCOM shall be demonstrated (through the design and testing
phase as part of the Reactive Power Control test) to operate and remain connected to the
transmission system during and subsequent to voltage disturbances at the connection point
to the transmission network (i.e. the HV terminals of the coupling transformer).
The minimum trip delay for the STATCOM, upon complete loss of the transmission system
voltage (including loss of AC auxiliary supplies) shall exceed 3 s.
The main STATCOM HV circuit breaker shall not open for voltages above the voltage point
except for internal fault protection operation.
For low voltages, lower than the voltage point defined in Project Specific Technical Schedule,
lasting more than 1 hour, the STATCOM is permitted to open its circuit-breaker if it would be
unsafe to re-apply voltage to the STATCOM; this condition shall be alarmed back to the
SCADA system.

6.2.4 SLOPE CHARACTERISTICS

The slope characteristic shall be adjustable over the range 1 % to 10 % voltage change from
the nominal voltage for a compensator current change relating to full rated output. This
performance shall be available over the full range of target voltage adjustment.
The voltage-current characteristic of the STATCOM shall be continuous and smoothly
variable (i.e. not stepped) throughout the complete controllable MVAr range for any target
voltage or slope setting.
The target voltage shall be variable over the range 0.95 to 1.05 p.u. system voltage.

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6.2.5 SPEED OF RESPONSE

Over the required dynamic MVAr range that shall be detailed in the Project Specific Technical
Schedule, the STATCOM shall respond to step changes of system voltage such that a 90 %
of the STATCOM current shall be achieved in less than 50 ms. This response will include the
time taken by the STATCOM to measure the change in system voltage.
In addition to the speed of the step change in current, the response shall have;

• A settling time less than 200 ms, such that oscillations greater than 1 % of step
change in current ceased 200 ms after the disturbance.

• First overshoot and undershoots no more than 5 % of the step change in current
This requirement is for all system conditions quoted in this document and in the Project
Specific Technical Schedule. The Customer shall indicate the actual response and validate
this in FAT and SATs.

6.2.6 STATCOM CONTROL STRATEGIES

The STATCOM shall be designed to contribute to control of Transmission System Voltage by
continuous modulation of reactive output by means of a continuously acting control scheme.
Two principle control strategies shall be implemented for the output control of the STATCOM.

• Voltage control mode

• Reactive power mode

It shall be possible to change between the two strategies, with negligible transients seen in
the reactive output from the STATCOM.
In some cases, there may be a requirement for additional control functionality. These
requirements shall be detailed in Project Specific Technical Schedule.

6.2.7 STATCOM START UP

As a minimum requirement the STATCOM shall be capable of generating its full MVAr range
within one minute of initial energisation of the STATCOM assets.
The Customer shall state the performance of the STATCOM following initial energisation of
the coupling transformer. This shall include a description of the manner in which the various
auxiliary loads are connected, how the auxiliary supplies are reconfigured and how the
automatic start up sequence operates following energisation of the coupling transformer.
This information is required for inclusion in the Station operating instruction.

6.2.8 PERFORMANCE DURING PHASE UNBALANCE

The STATCOM shall fulfil all performance requirements of this specification under conditions
of minimum 2 % continuous negative phase sequence component of phase voltage.

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6.3 HARMONIC PERFORMANCE & RATING

6.3.1 EQUIPMENT RATING

The design of the STATCOM installation shall address the effects of harmonics, as detailed in
this specification and Project Specific Technical Schedule. Harmonic content shall be taken
into consideration when selecting the appropriate ratings of all components. Factors to be
evaluated shall include, but not be limited to the following:
a) Any harmonics generated by the STATCOM
b) The supply system harmonic impedance loci (“rating” conditions) for the HV system
(as detailed in Project Specific Technical Schedule)
c) The maximum continuous fundamental frequency voltage on the HV system
d) EirGrid Planning levels, as per IEC 61000-3
Specific requirements shall comply with parameters outlined in Project Specific Technical
Schedule. Component tolerances shall be considered, when designed to meet this
requirement.
The TSO will monitor the harmonic contributions of the Offshore connection by monitoring the
harmonic contribution pre and post connection to the system as part of the Power Quality
Performance test as listed in Performance Verification and Acceptance Test section of the
specification.

6.3.2 EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE

The STATCOM equipment shall be designed to meet the Harmonic Voltage Distortion Gain
requirements at the HV side of the coupling transformer as specified in Project Specific
Technical Schedule.
The following shall be provided in Project Specific Technical Schedule:

• System harmonic impedances (“performance” conditions loci) seen from the relevant
AC substation busbar

• The level of existing harmonic voltage distortion (“performance” conditions) at the

relevant AC substation busbar

• The maximum allowable Harmonic Voltage Distortion Gain from operation of the
STATCOM
Any predicted exceedance of the specified gains shall be mitigated by the Customer (by
installation of harmonic filters or other suitable measures). These mitigations shall form part
of the STATCOM installation.

6.3.3 ACTIVE FILTERING

Any requirement to provide active harmonic filtering shall be specified in Project Specific
Technical Schedule.

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6.4 TELEPHONE & RADIO INTERFERENCE

6.4.1 TELEPHONE INTERFERENCE

In addition to the requirements outlined in OFS-SSS-400, the design of the STATCOM shall
be such that it will not cause any objectionable interference with radio, television or
communication mediums in the vicinity, either by direct radiation or by transmission through
the cable/conductor to which the STATCOM may be connected. The assessment shall
consider the case when the STATCOM is energised at full rated voltage and delivering any
load up to the continuous maximum rating.

6.4.2 RADIO INTERFERENCE

The STATCOM shall be demonstrated to comply with European Council Directive
89/336/EEC on electromagnetic compatibility with respect to the limitation of radio frequency
emissions.

6.5 AUDIBLE NOISE

6.5.1 PROTECTION OF HEARING

The STATCOM shall comply with chapter 1 of Part 5 of the Safety, Health and Welfare at
Work (General Application) Regulations 2007 S.I. No. 299 of 2007 as amended from 12
November 2007 by the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (General Application) (Amended)
Regulations 2007 (S.I. No. 732 of 2007) which sets down the minimum requirements for the
protection of workers from the health risks associated with noise in the workplace.
The level of audible noise inside the STATCOM building/enclosure should not exceed 70
dB(A) in areas where personnel are permitted during STATCOM operation.

6.5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE

Site specific noise requirements shall be detailed within Project Specific Technical Schedule.
The maximum permissible level shall be stated either at a sensitive receptor critical to noise
disturbance, e.g. a residential house, or at a defined position.
The design of the STATCOM shall take into account all reasonably practicable noise
mitigation measures in order to reduce the noise generated from the STATCOM and its
associated equipment to comply with Table 3. This shall take into account at least the
following:

a) Coupling transformer noise enclosure;

b) Air-cored reactor sound shields;
c) Power electronic valve cooling incorporating fans for the outdoor air cooler banks and
the use of noise barriers with appropriate placement to utilise attenuation from
inherent features like buildings;
d) Power electronic valve cooling room which incorporates sound proof doors, walls and
silenced ventilation intakes/extracts etc.; and

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e) Building HVAC equipment intakes and extracts which are silenced and the control
system arranged to minimise the impact at the receiver, e.g. the first extractor fans to
operate for increasing temperature shall be located away from the receiver.
The noise levels of transformers shall be measured in accordance with IEC 60076-10. The
noise level shall be for sound pressure level at 2 m away from the principal radiating surface
with all forced air cooling equipment in service.
Where no other specification is given, the following limits shall apply:
Table 3 Permissible Sound Levels

Location Sound Pressure

dB(A)

Station Fence 50

STATCOM Main Power Transformer at a distance of 3m 60

6.5.3 NOISE ASSESSMENT

Where environmental noise is identified outside the limits, a noise model shall be developed
for the proposed STATCOM equipment using an industry standard noise modelling package.
The noise studies shall include;
a) Tables of raw sound power data to enable independent noise modelling;
b) Tables of equipment operating modes and associated sound powers;
c) Details of proposed acoustic mitigation and insertion loss;
d) Incorporation of site layout and equipment design including heights and dimensions of
principal noise sources;
e) Details of the source input data used;
f) Tables of contributions at residential receivers;
g) Details of key assumptions made in the noise modelling;
h) A statement specifying whether or not a dB penalty for tonality has been applied (and
if so, at source or at receiver) in accordance with BS 4142:2014; and
i) Clear noise contour maps with contours to below background.
The noise model shall consider float, full output, any lifetime load profile detailed in Project
Specific Technical Schedule as operational scenarios for the equipment and any operating
points that the Customer considers to be more onerous for Environmental Noise.
Design of the proposed STATCOM equipment shall aim to achieve an acceptable (below
background) assessment level at the most sensitive receivers.
The noise performance data required for air-cored reactors shall be determined in
accordance with BS EN ISO 3746 or BS EN 9614.

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In the event that the noise assessment determines that some or all of the noise mitigation
methods are not necessary at first, the design of the STATCOM shall allow these mitigation
methods to be installed in the future. This is especially pertinent in respect of air-cored
reactor sound shields. Additionally, the design and layout of any mitigation methods shall be
consistent with safe operation and maintenance.

6.6 LOSS EVALUATION

The design of the STATCOM shall be optimized to minimize losses over a lifetime of the
asset. A loss report shall be supplied as outlined in Appendix A – Phase 1 to demonstrate the
Customers calculations and compliance with the following requirements.
Losses shall be calculated in accordance with the principles of EN 62751-1 and EN 62751-2.
Separate values shall be given for both no load and load related losses.
The Customer shall state the losses for each group of equipment, which shall include all
STATCOM components up to the main HV bus connection. The equipment may include, but
are not limited to:
1. Transformers;
2. Interphase Magnetics (e.g. phase reactors);
3. VSC Converters;
4. Capacitor banks;
5. Control and protection equipment; and
6. Cooling and Auxiliary equipment.
The loss report shall include a graph of the loss in kW against MVAr output for the entire
output range of the STATCOM (including all transformers). This shall be based on a target
voltage of 1 p.u., a slope setting of 5 %, at rated frequency (50 Hz), an ambient air
temperature of 20°C and component tolerances which give the worst case losses. All
hysteresis effects, any increased losses due to the switching of power electronic devices and
all auxiliary plant loads shall be included. The losses of all components with a loss greater
than 1 kW shall be considered. Capacitors forming part of the STATCOM shall be considered
as single lumped components and the losses in any external capacitor fuses shall be
identified separately.
The declared Tendered losses shall be further subdivided into two categories as follows:

• Measured losses: Those losses which can be verified by test measurements either in
works or at site at which the STATCOM is installed.

• Calculated losses: Those losses which can only be proven by calculation and cannot
be further verified by testing. No re-evaluation of the calculated losses shall be
allowed following contract placement except where justified by the Customer and
agreed by the TSO.
Full details of the calculation methods used to derive both the ‘calculated’ and the ‘measured’
losses, and the proposed means by which measured losses are to be established shall be
provided as outlined in Appendix A – Phase 1.

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The lifetime costs of the proposed equipment shall be considered as part of the overall
economics of the proposed solution. This will include an annual capitalised value of the
losses in € for the STATCOM. The anticipated operation and monetary value of the losses of
the STATCOM will be provided in the form of a duty cycle graph and table as defined in the
Losses section of the Project Specific Technical Schedule.

6.7 STATCOM AVAILABILITY & RELIABILITY

The installation shall be designed to have an operational lifespan of the following:

• The STATCOM primary equipment and associated civil works shall have a minimum
design life of 40 years.

• The protection and control systems associated with the STATCOM shall have a
minimum design life of 25 years.

• The power electronic devices shall have a minimum design life of 25 years.
A minimum of maintenance shall be required during this time. Any components the customer
considers to be unable to meet this life expectancy shall be listed in the deviations schedule
in document Project Specific Technical Schedule as well as the reason for non-compliance.
The Customer may propose additional design life where it demonstrates an overall cost
benefit and complies with Reliability, Availability and Maintainability requirements.
- The overall availability shall exceed 98%. (“overall” includes scheduled, forced
outages and any outages associated with any burn-in and warranty periods).
The Customer shall provide details of their proposed approach to facilitate the design life of
the STATCOM installation including features permitting the replacement of components such
as protection and control, power electronic systems or devices with the minimum of down
time for the STATCOM installation. Should this include mid-life refurbishment, the scope of
such refurbishment shall be provided along with details of how the required outage shall be
minimised.
The Customer shall supply a detailed reliability, availability and maintenance (RAM) study
demonstrating compliance with this requirement inclusive of primary, secondary and auxiliary
system performance. The Customer shall identify the consequences of unreliability in their
STATCOM design and propose mitigation measures to maintain availability until the next
scheduled outage. Further, the Customer shall provide a statistical availability study
demonstrating compliance with the power electronic valve availability requirement. This
study shall include the source of the component failure rate statistics and consider the
configuration and performance of the components of the valve cooling system and the
associated pumps, transducers, controllers, etc.
A sufficient level of redundancy shall be provided to achieve the availability requirements as
outlined above. The statistical availability study shall include any necessary mitigation
measures where appropriate to achieve these availability requirements and to prevent
potential downtime which may be anticipated during the early phase (burn-in) of the asset.
Consideration shall be given to minimising outage requirements for operation and
maintenance (including any mid-life refurbishment or replacement) activities through, for

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example, provision of redundancy of critical systems and components and appropriate

positioning of components to which access may be required.
Following energisation of the equipment, the Customer shall monitor the reliability and
availability of the STATCOM equipment. Before the asset is handed over to EirGrid the
Customer shall provide a report demonstrating compliance with the availability figures.
Where the availability figures are measured to be less than specified, the Customer agree the
action required with EirGrid and shall rectify the shortfalls.

7 STATCOM PROTECTION AND CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

The STATCOM shall be equipped with a Protection and Control system designed to operate
satisfactorily under normal and abnormal conditions.
The Protection and Control system of a STATCOM shall be designed to ensure that no single
failure may cause a fault to remain connected to the primary system.
Refer to OFS-GEN-016 specification and its Appendix for further details of protection and
control requirements. In general, STATCOM protection shall follow OEM requirements and
recommendations that shall be submitted to EirGrid for review.
This shall be supported by a Protection and Control system design report and associated
documentation which shall be provided by the Customer for EirGrid review as outlined in
Appendix A – Phase 1.

7.1 STATCOM PROTECTION

The STATCOM protection system shall be co-ordinated with the Onshore Compensation
Compound protection system and have no adverse effects on other systems connected to
the transmission system. Refer also to OFS-GEN-016 specification.
The Customer shall provide a protection co-ordination study in order to demonstrate any
interface protection requirements with the network protection which will include the
STATCOM protection settings. The Customer shall engage with EirGrid post contract award
in order to harmonise settings in line with the network protection relays.
The STATCOM protection shall only act upon a specific type of fault within a designated zone
and shall be stable to other types of disturbances or faults external to the relevant zone.
Two sets of protection shall be provided namely main protection and backup protection. Main
protection and backup protection shall be independent devices to prevent the loss of a
complete protection system on a single device malfunction. The backup protection shall differ
from the main protection in the measuring and protection principles, where possible.
Each of the two sets of protection shall be supplied from two independent DC supplies and
two independent Current transformer cores.
Main protection shall be protection devices which isolate the respective zone in the shortest
possible time. Back-up protection should be protection time graded with the main protection.
All the protection equipment that requires regular inspection and/or maintenance shall be
listed in the Phase 1 submission, together with fully documented method statements and
recommended inspection/maintenance intervals to achieve the required service life.

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It shall be possible to remove any single protection system from service without leaving any
section of the STATCOM unprotected or endangering the STATCOM plant.
Suitable space shall be provided in the relay room to enable replacement equipment to be
built and installed off-line which will minimise future outage requirements.
All protection interfacing with the connecting Substation with respect to interface trips, CBF
starts, alarms and signals will be proposed during detailed design stage when the STATCOM
supplier is confirmed and shall be reviewed and agreed with EirGrid.

7.2 CONTROL AND MONITORING

7.2.1 GENERAL CONTROL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

The control system shall be designed as appropriate to enable the STATCOM to function
under steady-state, transient and dynamic operating conditions.
The Customer shall provide details of the STATCOM control and monitoring system as
outlined in Appendix A – Phase 1.
The STATCOM shall have an HMI which shall communicate with SCADA, SCS and provide a
centralised (local) operator control of the STATCOM functions. All human interface operations
necessary for the control and monitoring of the STATCOM shall be provided at this point.
The HMI display shall include diagrams of all STATCOM components in the display system,
and shall indicate status, alarms, voltages, currents, etc. The HMI shall provide complete
diagnostics on alarm and trip indications as required and discussed in this specification.
The Customer shall define the control methodology employed to manage the loss of any of
the three system phase voltage signals and the behaviour of the STATCOM control system
during unbalance conditions and single or two phase faults.
The Customer shall provide sufficient redundancy and reliability such that a single failure of
any part of the control system including measurement transformers will not result in the
incorrect performance or reduced availability of the STATCOM.
Duplicated control systems shall be used. Only one control system shall be in service at a
time. An automatic changeover function shall be provided to switch between the main and hot
standby system when a fault is detected in the in-service system.
The STATCOM protection operation or failure shall annunciate through the SCADA system.
Any additional protection requirements such as disturbance/data recording, PMU, time
synchronisation will be outlined in the project specific protection specification.

7.2.2 CONTROL POINTS (LOCATIONS)

The STATCOM shall normally be unmanned and operated from transmission SCADA, SCS.
There shall be at least two selectable control points for the STATCOM:
1. The Local Control Point is located in proximity of the STATCOM equipment where the
specific plant and associated functions can be locally operated.

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2. EirGrid transmission SCADA (remote). Refer to OSP-GEN-015 specification.

STATCOM control system shall interface with transmission SCADA. .
The control system shall have a control arbitration mechanism to ensure that only one control
point has control authority (active) to operate a plant item or function at a time. Selected
control points shall be clearly annunciated at all the control points.
It shall be possible to select between the different control strategies / modes (voltage control
mode and reactive power mode) from all the above defined Control points. For each control
mode, it shall be possible, to select the set point (control target/reference) of which the range
will be specified.
Project specific Protection and Control requirements and signal lists will outline the control
commands, alarms and signals that the Customer shall provide to the transmission SCADA.
Spare capacity (software and hardware) of each type of signal shall be provided for in the
STATCOM control system for potential future signalling.

7.2.3 STATCOM INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS

A facility shall be provided whereby the local HMI features and functions shall be accessible
from remote. A remote user shall be able to view screens and change STATCOM parameter
settings as necessary.
Relevant subset STATCOM functionalities (including operation and monitoring functions)
shall be integrated into transmission SCADA, Substation Control Station. The subset shall be
sufficient to enable transmission SCADA operators to control, operate and monitor all
STATCOM systems.
A detailed proposal of signals to be interfaced between transmission SCADA and STATCOM
controls shall be submitted by Customer to EirGrid for review.

7.2.4 INTERLOCKING
The STATCOM shall provide outputs to the substation interlocking system to ensure safe
operation of other substation switchgear. The interface interlocking requirements will be
proposed by Customer and submitted to EirGrid for review and acceptance.

8 MAIN STATCOM COMPONENTS REQUIRED FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES

The Customer shall select and propose the nominal operating voltage for the low voltage side
of the step-down transformer, in order to optimize the design of the STATCOM. The proposal
will be submitted to EirGrid for review.
All substances used shall be classified in accordance with European Community SI on
Hazardous Substances Regulations. Safety Data Sheets shall be submitted where
appropriate.

8.1 POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTER

The valves shall comply with the applicable sections and general principles of BS EN 60146-
1 and BS IEC 60747-9.

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The solid-state switching devices shall be assembled into discrete power electronic modules
which can be rapidly exchanged with the minimum disturbance to current-carrying
connections and the water cooling circuit. Any requirement for dismantling other parts of the
overall valve assembly shall be minimised. Any special tools required for the replacement of
these parts shall be provided to EirGrid.
The in-service failure of any single valve component shall not prevent the continued operation
of the STATCOM at full rated MVAr capacity. If a fault occurs, the control system shall
immediately identify its existence and (where appropriate) adjust the control strategy to
mitigate the impact of that of the fault and log the date and time of its occurrence. An
indication of the fault location shall be provided in the control system.
The Customer shall provide information on how the redundancy is to be implemented
(including details on the number of integrated redundant valve modules capable of seamless
change over on valve failure) and demonstrate that the voltage stresses applicable to the
non-bypassed components are within acceptable limits.
A sufficient level of redundancy shall be provided to achieve 99.5 % availability (excluding
planned maintenance) and allow valves to operate for a period of three years between
scheduled maintenance. This requirement drives the level of valve redundancy needed in the
STACOM.
A detailed design report covering all aspects of the valve design, including protection
functions, shall be provided by the Customer at the design stage.
The valve & ancillary system protection also called Valve Based Electronics (VBE) shall be
provided to detect and clear faults associated with equipment failure that may cause the
operation of STATCOM to be compromised, harm the STATCOM valves or compromise the
integrity of the main components of the STATCOM equipment, such as failure of STATCOM
valves and Cooling Plant.
The STATCOM valve hall/housing and any other associated outdoor enclosures/connections
shall be designed to allow normal operation under the full range of environmental conditions
specified in OFS-SSS-400 Onshore Compensation Compound General Requirements.
Particular attention shall be paid to the temperature ranges, level of salinity in the air,
humidity levels and the risk of condensation developing inside the housings/enclosures. The
design shall ensure that moisture ingress is limited to a level which will not cause damage to
valve components (either immediate or long term) or lead to a flashover of any insulation.
Where HVAC is employed to control the climate in the valve accommodation the
performance, operation and maintenance shall be included in the overall STATCOM
reliability/availability assessment for the required 99.5% availability requirement. Redundancy
shall be provided where HVAC is critical to STATCOM operation.
The Customer shall demonstrate that the design of the valve and its enclosure meets the
recommendations of IEC/TR 62757 and follows best practice in managing the risk of fire.

8.2 CONVERTER COOLING SYSTEM

The converter valves shall, unless otherwise agreed, be water cooled. A closed cooling
system shall be provided to circulate water through the valves and then through external
cooler banks. The cooling system shall be sized to permit the STATCOM to operate

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continuously at the worst-case operating point under all environmental conditions specified in
OFS-SSS-400. Unless otherwise agreed, dry-type coolers shall be used and chillers or
evaporative coolers shall not be accepted.
The cooling plant shall be designed to minimise auxiliary power consumption of the
STATCOM over its normal duty cycle. The plant should automatically shut down when the
STATCOM is taken out of service.
The cooling plant shall be accessible for routine inspections, without the need to isolate and
earth the primary plant.
Isolation valves shall be provided at locations accessible from ground level and external to
any enclosure. These valves shall be lockable.
Vent valves shall be provided at the highest point and drain valves at the lowest point of the
cooling system to enable fluids to be drained from the system prior to any intrusive access or
maintenance and to facilitate refilling.
The cooling fluid in the external cooling circuit shall not freeze when exposed to the minimum
ambient temperature specified in OPS-SSS-400. To achieve this, pipework may be thermally
insulated or the cooling fluid may be treated with an additive to prevent the risk of freezing.
The coolant mixture used in the cooling circuit shall be compatible with the pipework and all
other materials into which it will come into contact for all conditions of temperature, pressure
and flow rate that will be experienced in service. Data sheets and other supporting
documentation shall be provided, on request, to confirm compliance with this requirement.
Where the valves are designed to be cooled by deionised water, the cooling design shall
ensure that no cross contamination of the separate cooling sub-systems (e.g. a deionised
water system to a water/glycol mixture system) is possible.
The growth of algae and bacteria within the cooling system must be inhibited.
External piping shall be manufactured from stainless steel and shall be designed to minimise
leakage.
The Customer shall provide a design report detailing the required flow rates, pressures and
resulting temperatures in respect of the cooling system under float conditions (i.e. zero MVAr
transfer) and also the MVAr transfer corresponding to maximum thermal losses. As part of
the design report the Customer shall assess the necessity of a bund for containment of
potential spillages.
This information shall be calculated based on the minimum number of cooler banks in service
and the maximum specified ambient temperature
Depending on the design, the valve cooling system or a part thereof may be required to
comply with regulations relating to the design and operation of pressure systems. The
Customer is responsible for assessing whether the regulations apply and defining
maintenance and examination requirements.
Any spillage or losses of coolant which may contain a pollutant or contaminant must be
contained to allow proper disposal.

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Coolant losses during operation shall be minimised and shall not require operator intervention
(e.g. topping up) any more frequently than once every 2200 hours (~3 month) of operation.
Redundancy shall be provided to ensure that the STATCOM can continue in normal
operation, at maximum ambient temperature, following failure of a pump (primary or
secondary), a three-way valve or a heat exchanger. All redundant equipment must be
provided with a means of local isolation for maintenance purposes.
To maximise lifetime and cooling plant availability the apportionment of running hours
between rotating plant (fans and pumps) shall be automatically assigned by the control
system. Changeover between cooling pumps shall be achieved in a smooth manner enabling
the cooling plant to continue in operation without reduction in performance whilst the
changeover is occurring.
Where the cooling plant includes items of equipment that are only required to operate
infrequently or at certain times of the year, the cooling plant design shall ensure that such
components will satisfactorily operate when required following a long duration of inactivity. It
is expected that this will take the form of some periodic running under automatic control.
Instrumentation for coolant flow pressure, temperature and conductivity shall remain within
calibration for a minimum period of two years and shall be arranged to be fail safe. Transient
indications and alarms associated with these devices shall be stored / logged before
resetting.
Once the cooling system, cross-site pipework and connections to the valve have been
installed and assembled on site, the fully assembled system shall be subjected to an over
pressure test to prove the system.

8.3 REACTORS
The following requirements apply to air cored reactors used between the VSC converter and
the STATCOM MV busbar, to provide fixed inductive elements to the STATCOM system and
for tuning harmonic filters.

8.3.1 VOLTAGE/POWER RATING

The Customer shall provide a design study to demonstrate how the voltage and power rating
of the reactors has been determined. The ratings shall be defined in accordance with IEC
60076-6, Power transformers - Part 6: Reactors.
The ratings shall consider the full range of specified system operating parameters (max/min
voltage, frequency range, harmonic distortion) as well as the continuous and short term
operating range of the STATCOM.
The dielectric performance of the reactor shall be demonstrated by dielectric type/routine
tests in accordance with IEC60076-3.

8.3.2 INRUSH AND DISCHARGE CURRENT

The design study shall also consider the inrush and discharge currents arising from normal
operation of the STATCOM and from contingency events (i.e. equipment faults). The
reactors shall be designed to withstand these temporary currents without damage.

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8.3.3 TEMPERATURE RISE LIMIT

The temperature rise of the reactor windings shall not exceed the limits specified in IEC
60076 (all parts). Temperature rise tests shall be carried out to verify this performance.
The temperature rise of the reactor supporting structures shall not exceed 30°C if they are
accessible during normal operation or 50°C otherwise.

8.3.4 MAGNETIC FIELD CLEARANCES

The design shall comply with guidelines from the International Commission on Non-Ionising
Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for time-varying fields. For public exposures this will be in
terms of EU Recommendation 1999/519/EC2.
Measurement of magnetic characteristics under normal operating conditions, as stated in
EirGrid standard OFS-SSS-400, Compensation Compound General Requirements, shall be
conducted.
Suitable magnetic clearance distances shall be provided from the installed reactor to all
metallic objects. Closed metallic loops shall be excluded from the immediate vicinity of the
reactor. The customer recommended magnetic clearances shall be shown on the reactor
data sheet and on equipment layouts.
The Customer shall provide magnetic field contour plots covering all points external to the
STATCOM footprint area at which the magnetic field exceeds 100 µT.

8.3.5 TOLERANCES
The customer shall meet the tolerance values set out in in Project Specific Technical
Schedule.

8.4 AC AND DC CAPACITORS

8.4.1 DC CAPACITORS
DC capacitors installed in the power electronic modules shall comply with BS EN 61071. The
Customer shall provide a design study to justify the choice of DC capacitor rating and
resultant stress levels including the effects of any harmonics.

8.4.2 AC CAPACITORS – DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

AC capacitors installed shall comply with applicable IEC standards as outlined in this
specification.

8.4.2.1 STEADY-STATE VOLTAGE

The voltage rating of the capacitor units shall be defined in accordance with IEC 60871-1.
The Customer shall provide a design study to demonstrate how the voltage rating of the
capacitors has been determined. The ratings shall consider the full range of specified system
operating parameters (max/min voltage, frequency range, harmonic distortion) as well as the
continuous and short term operating range of the STATCOM.

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8.4.2.2 LIGHTNING IMPULSE

Capacitors shall be subjected to a lightning impulse test as set out in Section 5, of
IEC 60871-1.

8.4.2.3 RATED POWER FREQUENCY CURRENT

The rated power frequency and harmonic current spectrum shall be sufficient to meet the
requirements of the application which shall be defined in the Customer design study.

8.4.2.4 INRUSH AND DISCHARGE CURRENT

Inrush transient currents shall be limited to the values set out in Section 27.6.2 Transient
overcurrent’s, of IEC 60871-1.
Capacitors shall be able to withstand the inrush current (amplitude and frequency) resulting
from normal operation and contingency events of the STATCOM.
Capacitor fuses shall be able to carry the number of inrush current surges due to switching,
during the life of the capacitor. The peak value of the inrush current shall not exceed
100 times the rated (r.m.s.) current.
Capacitors shall comply with Section 27.6.2, Transient overcurrent’s and Section 22 Safety
requirements for container connections of IEC 60871-1.
The capacitor banks and individual capacitors shall comply with the discharge times set out in
IEC 60871-1.

8.4.2.5 INSULATION REQUIREMENTS

The insulation levels of the capacitor installation shall be defined in the Customer design
study and EirGrid specification OFS-SSS-400 Compensation Compound General
Requirements together with appropriate electrical clearances.

8.4.2.6 CAPACITOR ELEMENT TOPOLOGY

The Customer shall provide details of the proposed capacitor bank element topology
including how the requirement for unbalance protection shall be met.

8.4.2.7 FUSING REQUIREMENTS: INTERNAL/EXTERNAL FUSED CAPACITORS

Capacitors fitted with internal fuses shall conform to IEC 60871-4 and have been tested in
accordance with Section 5 of this standards.
External fuses, where used, shall comply with IEC 60871-3, section 5 External fuses.

8.5 POWER TRANSFORMERS

The Customer shall provide a design study to demonstrate how the rated parameters of the
coupling transformer have been determined.
The transformer shall comply with the requirements outlined in IEC 60076 (all parts).

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8.6 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

This specification excludes circuit-breakers on the HV side of the coupling transformer.
The Customer shall provide a design study to demonstrate how the rating of the circuit-
breakers on the MV side of the coupling transformer has been determined.

8.7 DISCONNECTORS AND GROUNDING SWITCHES

This specification excludes disconnectors and grounding switches on the HV side of the
coupling transformer.
The Customer shall provide a design study to demonstrate how the rating of the
disconnectors/grounding switches on the MV side of the coupling transformer has been
determined.

8.8 AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLIES

The Customer shall supply adequate details of auxiliary power requirements.
Auxiliary power supplies of STATCOM shall be communicated with and integrated into the
integrated SCADA and SCS for the offshore wind plant transmission system.
Full details of the auxiliary power rating requirements shall be provided for the STATCOM.
This shall define the loading at float condition, at full output and in any other state which
defines the maximum capacity.
Protection and control power supplies shall consist of two independent redundant 220V DC
supplies. 220V DC supplies for STATCOM systems shall be taken from main OCC 220V DC
Battery Charger systems. Customer can also propose an alternative DC supply solution to
EirGrid for acceptance.
LVAC and D.C. supply systems shall comply, as appropriate, with EirGrid specifications:

• OFS-SSS-403 Auxiliary Power Supplies;

• OFS-SSS-405 Station 220V DC and 230/400V AC Distribution Boards

• OFS-SSS-404 220V Lead Acid Batteries and Chargers.

9 ENGINEERING STUDIES
9.1 PRE-MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING AND DESIGN VERIFICATION STUDIES AND
STATCOM MODELS

9.1.1 DESIGN STUDIES

A summary of the study requirements to be performed by the Customer is provided in
Appendix A.
During the detailed design of the STATCOM, the Customer shall provide copies of design
studies to determine the ratings and configuration based on the requirements of this
specification and Project Specific Technical Schedule.
These studies shall include, but not be limited to

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a) Steady-state load flow and dynamic studies

b) Insulation Coordination studies
c) Switching (EMTP) studies
d) Temporary and Dynamic Overload Rating studies
e) Operating control modes
f) Electrical and Audible Noise studies
g) Reliability, Availability and Performance studies
h) Loss and Loss Evaluation studies
i) EMC report (to identify any requirement for a Power Line Carrier (PLC) filter)

9.1.2 SUB-SYNCHRONOUS CONTROL INTERACTION STUDIES

Project Specific Technical Schedule shall specify the power system network conditions to be
considered for the purposes of Sub-Synchronous Control Interaction (SSCI) analysis.
The study shall demonstrate that the performance of the control system, in relation to
dynamic devices in close electrical proximity, does not exhibit unacceptably damped
oscillatory behaviour.
Where SSCI is identified as a potential risk, suitable countermeasures shall be recommended
by the Customer and agreed with EirGrid.

9.1.3 HARMONIC STUDIES

The Customer shall carry out suitable modelling and network analysis and provide the details
of Harmonic current and voltage studies to highlight any potential overheating conditions that
may occur.
System harmonic voltage studies should use the loci and gains provided in Project Specific
Technical Schedule. These studies shall demonstrate anticipated compliance levels at the HV
node. This shall be submitted to EirGrid for review as a report.
Particular attention shall be made to any nearby HVDC terminal, STATCOM, HF filters or
SVC installations. The pre-existing background Harmonics shall be defined in Project Specific
Technical Schedule.

9.1.4 STATCOM MODELS FOR POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Suitable models shall be provided to facilitate the following studies during detail design stage:

• Load Flow Analysis:

An accurate model representation of the STATCOM for balanced and unbalanced 50 Hz load
flow studies shall be provided in both PSS/E and Power Factory formats. The models shall
capture the correct representation of the STATCOM steady-state operating characteristics
under all possible control modes.

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• RMS Dynamic Analysis:

An accurate model representation for RMS time domain simulations (dynamics studies) shall
be provided in PSS/E, Power Factory and Powertech’s TSAT formats. The models shall
capture the key components of the STATCOM and the control loops to accurately reproduce
the dynamic behaviour of the device over its entire operating range. A Laplace diagram with
full description of the blocks shall also be provided.

• Small Signal Stability:

An accurate model for modal analysis/eigenvalue calculation shall be provided in Power
Factory format.

• EMT Analysis:
A full model with complete representation of the power electronic devices, protection,
functionality and control strategies shall be provided in ATP/EMTP and PSCAD formats. In
addition, a "faster" average model version (where the power electronic converters are
replaced with equivalent voltage sources designed to maintain the balance of power) shall be
provided in ATP/EMTP and PSCAD formats.

• Harmonics:
A detailed frequency domain model of the STATCOM capturing its frequency dependant
behaviour (passive Z(f)) and active harmonic emissions at all operating points/modes shall be
provided in Power Factory format.
Each of the above models must be accompanied by detailed documentation explaining the
model structure and use. Project specific parameters must be identified. A validation report
must also be provided for each model.

10 MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS
10.1 EARTHING
Earthing arrangements shall be in compliance with EirGrid’s functional specification OFS-
SSS-407.
The Customer shall discuss with the STATCOM manufacturer requirement for a special
earthing system (i.e. open loops requirements) and prepare a report for EirGrid review.
Where required, an earthing transformer shall be used to earth the secondary side of the
transformer. The primary winding of the earthing transformer shall be directly earthed unless
the customer can justify using an alternative means of earth fault protection. STATCOM
auxiliary supplies may also be provided from the earthing transformer (to be decided during
detailed design).
If the earthing system of any of the STATCOM components are isolated from one another the
open connection shall be protected against over-voltages.

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10.2 SUPPORTING STEEL WORK

All supporting steelwork and access platforms where required shall be supplied and shall be
designed for fixing to the foundations.
Refer to OFS-SSS-419 for further details.

10.3 FOUNDATIONS AND LOADING

The housing and mounting arrangements for the STATCOM shall be included in the
Customer detailed design and issue to EirGrid for review.
Any outdoor components installed within the station boundary and not on concrete
foundations shall have their bases sealed with a covering to tarmac.
The customer shall supply a mechanical loading report and foundation drawings as part of
detailed design and prior to delivery of the STATCOM.
The loading report shall include:

• Mechanical loads during operation and installation.

• Electromagnetic forces include those arising from fault or short time loading conditions

• Wind and ice conditions.

• Forces due to expansion and contraction due to both ambient temperature and load
variation.
The customer shall indicate how long after award of contract they will supply the mechanical
loading report and foundation drawings.

10.4 CORROSION PROTECTION

Corrosion of both ferrous metals, aluminium and aluminium alloys is a particular problem in
Ireland.
Experience has shown that because of high humidity, extreme precautions are necessary, to
prevent the aggressive ingress of moisture between flange plates, around gaskets and O-
rings, at insulator/flange interfaces, etc. All necessary precautions shall be taken to prevent
this. Tactile 506 type grease or equivalent should be used if required. This level of attention
shall also be paid to all devices bought from sub-suppliers.
The Customer shall state clearly the corrosion protection applied to all aluminium or
aluminium alloy parts. This corrosion protection shall be suitable for the site environmental
conditions.
Any aluminium or aluminium alloy exposed to the environmental conditions shall be of a
suitable grade for the environment and this grade shall be listed by the Customer in the
Corrosion Protection Schedule. The Customer shall draw attention to all exposed points in
their equipment at which aluminium or aluminium-alloy parts are in contact with or in close
proximity to other metals, and shall state clearly in the Corrosion Protection Schedule the
protection employed at each point to exclude air and moisture.

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The Customer shall confirm that all paint systems employed for corrosion protection of steel
parts meet or exceed the requirements of ISO 12944-5 (Corrosion Protection of Steel
Structures), to provide high durability (minimum of 15 years) coating with category C5-M
corrosion protection, suited to environments with high condensation, pollution and salinity as
per ISO 12944-2.
Minimum requirements for the painting and corrosion protection systems for Hot Dip
Galvanised Steel are as follows:

• Hot dip galvanising of steel shall be fully compliant with the requirements of EirGrid's
specification OFS-SSS-420 Hot-dip galvanising of iron and steel articles other than
wire”.

• Paint system for hot-dip-galvanised steel surfaces shall meet or exceed the
requirements of Paint System A7.13 of ISO 12944-5, to provide high durability
(minimum of 15 years) coating with category C5-M corrosion protection, suited to
environments with high condensation, pollution and salinity as per ISO 12944-2.
The process for painting hot-dip galvanised steel is detailed below:
Table 4 Table Process for Painting Hot-Dip Galvanised Steel

Process Materials Minimum Requirements

Clean Appropriate solvents or other A grease / oil free substrate

cleaning agents

Sweep blast Aluminium oxide or other inert A light texture on the zinc layer with no
abrasive medium more than 3 % of the zinc removed by the
process

Priming As per Paint System A7.13 of As per Paint System A7.13 of ISO 12944-5
ISO 12944-5

Undercoatin As per Paint System A7.13 of As per Paint System A7.13 of ISO 12944-5
g ISO 12944-5

Finish As per Paint System A7.13 of As per Paint System A7.13 of ISO 12944-5
coating ISO 12944-5

The minimum requirements acceptable to EirGrid for individual items are as follows:
a) Hot-Rolled Steel, Mechanism Boxes, Marshalling Cabinets, Fasteners larger than
12 mm Diameter and pipes:
i. Hot dip galvanising, in accordance with EirGrid Specification; and
ii. Painting system as per painting and corrosion protection for Hot Dip Galvanised
Steel stated above.

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b) Smaller Fasteners, Cable Clips and any nonferrous material or stainless steel of
suitable grade for the environmental conditions stated in EirGrid OFS-SSS-400
Onshore Compensation Compound General Requirements specification.
c) As a minimum all exposed non-stainless ferrous parts, including supporting steel work
for STATCOM, kiosks, nuts and bolts, shall be hot-dip-galvanised to comply with
EirGrid specification, OFS-SSS-420.

10.5 TESTING OF STEEL CORROSION PROTECTION

The painting and corrosion protection system shall be type tested as per ISO 12944-6.
In addition the following type and routine tests shall be carried out where not covered by ISO
12944-6:

• The required tests of appearance on the painting and corrosion protection system for
hot dip galvanised steel are detailed below and shall be carried out as part of type and
routine tests.
Table 5 Painting and Corrosion Protection System Tests

Test Method Gloss Colour General Appearance

ISO 2813 80 +/- 10

Units @
60 o

ISO 7724 E CIELAB of not more

than 1.5 under D65 light
source from the master
chip agreed with EirGrid.

Viewed in clear The coating shall be of smooth

north light with the uniform appearance, with no
unaided eye at a inclusions, voids, or other
distance of 2m. blemishes, which mar the surface.

• The required type and routine tests of performance characteristics on the painting and
corrosion protection system for hot dip galvanised steel are detailed below:

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Table 6 Type Tests

Type Tests

Test Method Requirements

480 HOUR SALT ISO 9227 MAXIMUM BLISTERING OTHER

SPRAY ADHESION LOSS REMOTE FROM DEFECTS
AT SCRIBE SCRIBE

2 mm None None

480 HOUR HUMIDITY ASTM BLISTERING COLOUR OTHER

CHANGE DEFECTS
D 2247

None None None

SOLVENT ASTM CORROSION BLISTERING OTHER

RESISTANCE RUB DEFECTS
D 4752
TEST

None None None

1,000 HOURS UVA ISO MAXIMUM MAXIMUM LOSS OTHER

ARTIFICIAL 4892-3 COLOUR CHANGE OF GLOSS @ 60 0 DEFECTS.
WEATHERING

E = < 2.6 < 25 % None

ROUTINE TESTS

TEST METHOD REQUIREMENTS

Initial adhesion. ISO 2409 MINIMUM RATING

Cross Hatch Test ASTM
D 3359

Hardness Test ASTM MINIMUM RATING

D 3363

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Type Tests

Test Method Requirements

DIRECT IMPACT ASTM FAILURE AT 56

INCH / LB
D 2794

None

10.6 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)

Attention should be given to the design of the earthing system and to the layout of the
STATCOM and its components to reduce the risk of EMC problems, in regard to safety of
personnel who operate and maintain the equipment, in respect of the Directive 2004/108/EC
and Directive 2004/40/EC for the ‘the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the
exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields)’.

10.7 PADLOCKING
All items which require padlocking shall be provided with a hole, approximately 7 mm
diameter for accepting padlocks with a shackle diameter of 30 mm, shackle length of 23 mm
and 6.3 mm diameter cross-section for this padlocking.

10.8 LABELS AND MARKINGS

10.9 EQUIPMENT NAMEPLATES AND LABELLING

The equipment shall be labelled so that each component and each piece of main equipment
may be identified. Each individual STATCOM component shall be provided with a name plate
bearing information as specified by relevant IEC Publication. Individual equipment
nameplates shall contain the actual current, voltage, resistance, inductance, capacitance, CT
ratio ratings of the equipment.
All labels printed shall survive the equipment’s anticipated lifespan and shall be clear and
indelibly printed in English. The labels shall be engraved and resistant to UV light. The
labelling shall also include EirGrid’s designations as required.
The following indications shall be supplied as minimum:
a) Each STATCOM component connection shall be clearly labelled to indicate its
function and connection point.
b) Each phase of the STATCOM bays shall be identified with appropriate phase
reference at each point where it may be accessed.
c) Each STATCOM component shall be labelled and referenced to its identification code
contained in the customer’s drawings.

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All labelling shall be subject to review by EirGrid to confirm clarity and understanding of all
texts.
Addition labelling requirements are outlined in OFS-SSS-402 Control and Protection Cabinets
and Marshalling Kiosks.

11 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

11.1 TESTING OF COMPONENTS
Tests shall be carried out in accordance with the appropriate IEC publications and OEM
recommendations, unless stated otherwise. Customer shall submit ITPs (inspection and test
plans) and testing / commissioning procedures to EirGrid for review.
Type tests shall be performed on one of each type to be delivered. Type tests are not
required if the Customer provides type test reports for the specific equipment, provided the
type tests are fully applicable to the specific equipment.
All equipment must be subjected to and pass the specified type tests at an accredited testing
laboratory in accordance with the relevant IEC Publication, and the test certificates or reports
obtained shall be submitted to EirGrid for review.
EirGrid may wish to witness type, routine and special tests, or visit the factory during the
manufacture of the STATCOM
All functional testing shall be executed and recorded on the Plant and Materials installed
during the commissioning, under normal and possible fault conditions.

11.2 STATCOM TESTING

Inspection and test requirements consist of testing at works (type and routine tests), factory
acceptance tests (FAT) for main components and all sub-systems, commissioning tests,
performance verification and acceptance tests, as well as extended performance acceptance
tests. The Customer shall develop and submit the Inspection and Test Plans (ITP) to EirGrid
for review and comments, the FAT report following successful completion of the FAT and all
test reports following completions of all commissioning tests, in accordance with the
requirements of this specification.
The Customer shall provide te following for EirGrid review:
1. A Master Test Plan
2. Specific Test Plans and Procedures (FAT, type, routine),
3. Site Acceptance Test Plan and Procedures,
4. Commissioning Test Plan and Procedures,
5. Performance Verification and Acceptance Test Plan

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11.3 TESTING RESPONSIBILITIES

The Customer shall perform all testing including the performance verification and acceptance
tests. All tests that require connection of the STATCOM to EirGrid's system (STATCOM HV
bus) may be witnessed by EirGrid. Energised system testing shall be kept to a minimum.
The Customer shall provide commissioning and specific STATCOM energisation procedures
as part of the Commissioning Test Plan to EirGrid for review.
The Customer shall provide all necessary labour and test equipment / material to perform all
tests and inspections that are the Customer's responsibility.

11.4 INSPECTION AND TEST PLAN (ITP)

The Inspection and Test Plan shall be in accordance with OEM recommendations, EirGrid’s
Requirements and shall cover all aspects of testing and inspections. The preliminary and
detailed ITP shall be submitted to EirGrid and shall include a schedule of all pre-
commissioning and commissioning tests. All plant and material forming part of the
STATCOM shall be included in the ITP.
Test and inspection plans and procedures shall be developed and submitted to EirGrid for
review.
The Customer shall provide Declaration of Fitness for all STATCOM components that have
been commissioned.

11.5 GENERAL TEST REQUIREMENTS

All equipment must be subjected to and pass the specified routine tests in the factory of
manufacture before delivered to site.
All equipment must be subjected to and pass the specified type tests at an accredited testing
station in accordance with the relevant IEC Publication, and the test certificates or reports
obtained shall be submitted for review. Separate type tests may not be required on items of
equipment that are of the same design, insulation class and comparable rating. Existing type
test reports may be accepted if the equipment tested was identical to the equipment offered,
the equipment is to be under the same or less stresses than the equipment already tested
and the relevant equipment standards have not changed. A comprehensive report describing
the past tests and how they can be applied to the new equipment shall be provided.
However, the valves shall be fully type tested for each project.
All the type tests prescribed in the relevant IEC Publication shall be have been made on
STATCOM components. These tests shall have been carried out at an independent testing
station or alternatively shall have been witnessed by a representative of an independent
testing agency or other independent witness.
Certificates/Reports containing full details of type tests shall be issued to EirGrid for review.
Full details of any modifications (no matter how minor) which have been made to the
STATCOM since the full set of type test was carried out shall be submitted together with the
reports on the tests which were carried out to prove the modification.

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The acceptance of any equipment may be made conditional on further tests being performed
at an independent testing station and EirGrid may witness such tests. The equipment
available for type tests shall be identical in all respects to those to be supplied to EirGrid.
In the event of a type test failure, EirGrid shall not be charged for any additional type tests.
All of the routine tests prescribed in the relevant IEC Publication shall be made on each
assembled unit before shipment.
In addition, routine tests on the first fully assembled bay shall include verification of the IP
rating and operational tests before shipment. EirGrid shall witness these tests.
Measurement of insulator creepage on a representative sample shall be included in the test
results.
Routine tests for STATCOM designs shall be in accordance with IEC 61954, Draft BS EN
62927 (IEC 22F/380/CD)
As outlined in CIGRE Technical Brochure 663, the following type test shall be carried out as a
minimum requirement where applicable:

11.5.1 POWER TRANSFORMERS

If a power transformer is used to connect the STATCOM to the power system, this
transformer should be tested according to the relevant standard such as IEC 60076 and the
manufacturer’s standards.

11.5.2 DC CAPACITORS
All DC capacitors shall be tested according the relevant standard such as IEC 61071 and the
manufacturer’s standards..

11.5.3 AC CAPACITORS TESTING

All AC capacitors tests shall be carried out in accordance with IEC 60871-1 and the
manufacturer’s standards..

11.5.3.1 ROUTINE TESTS

a) Capacitance measurement (see Section 7)
b) Measurement of the tangent of the loss angle (tan S) of the capacitor (Section 8)
c) Voltage test between terminals (Section 9)
d) AC voltage test between terminals and container (Section 10)
e) Test of internal discharge device (Section 11)
f) Sealing test (Section 12);
g) Discharge test on internal fuses (Section 5.1.1 of IEC 60871-4:1996)

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11.5.3.2 TYPE TESTS

a) Thermal stability test (Section 13)
b) Lightning impulse voltage test between terminals and container (Section 15.2)
c) Overvoltage test (Section 16)
d) Short-circuit discharge test (Section 17)
e) Disconnecting test on internal fuses (Section 5.3 of IEC 60871-4:1996)

11.5.4 REACTORS
The type test on the reactor must be in accordance with IEC 60076-6 Section 8. The
customer shall provide test results as follows for the proposed reactors. These shall be
carried out as indicated.

11.5.4.1 ROUTINE TESTS

The Customer shall provide the following routine test results:
a) Measurement of winding resistance (Clause IEC 60076-1:2011)
b) Measurement of inductance (Clause 9.10.5, IEC 60076.6: 2008)
c) Measurement of loss and quality factor (Clause 9.10.6, IEC 60076.6: 2008)
d) Winding overvoltage test (Clause 9.10.7, IEC 60076.6: 2008)

11.5.4.2 TYPE TESTS

The Customer shall provide reports for the following type tests:
a) Temperature rise test (Clause 9.10.8, IEC 60076.6: 2008)
b) Lightning impulse test (Clause 9.10.9, IEC 60076.6: 2008)

11.5.5 OTHER TESTS

Other STATCOM equipment such as AC breakers, AC capacitors, disconnectors, arresters,
MV switchgear, DC and LV AC distribution, controls, SCADA interfaces and communications,
cooling system shall be tested according to the relevant standards and OEM
recommendations.
Some equipment such as the inrush resistor and discharge resistor are customer dependent
and a type test procedure shall be discussed with the customer.

11.6 TYPE TESTS

All the type tests prescribed in the relevant IEC Publication shall have been made on
STATCOM components. These tests shall have been carried out at an independent testing
station or alternatively shall have been witnessed by a representative of an independent
testing agency or other independent witness. Type Testing shall also include relevant tests
outlined in ‘Testing of Painting and Corrosion Protection’ section 19 above.
Certificates/Reports containing full details of type tests shall be included in the submission.

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Full details of any modifications (no matter how minor) which have been made to the
STATCOM since the full set of type test was carried out shall be submitted together with the
reports on the tests which were carried out to prove the modification.
The acceptance of any equipment may be made conditional on further tests being performed
at an independent testing station and EirGrid may witness such tests. The equipment
available for type tests shall be identical in all respects to those to be supplied to EirGrid.
In the event of a type test failure, EirGrid shall not be charged for any additional type tests.

11.7 SPECIAL TYPE TESTS

EirGrid may elect to have any of the following type tests performed:

11.7.1 VALVE TESTS

The customer shall fully type test the valves for each project. The relevant valve type testing
standard for the proposed semiconductor valves shall be consulted. These standards shall
include but not be limited to

• IEC 60146-1-1:2009 Semiconductor converters - General requirements and line

commutated converters - Part 1-1

• IEC 62927: Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for static synchronous
compensator (STATCOM) - Electrical Testing.

• Note: IEC 62927 shall be used if available, if not then the latest draft version of this
standard.
A list of all tests to be performed including on all auxiliary plant and material associated with
the valve shall be submitted to EirGrid for review and comment. The Customer shall provide
test reports of all type tests.

11.7.2 RADIO INTERFERENCE TEST

The customer shall demonstrate compliance with ‘EN-standard ENV 50121-5, Railway
Applications EMC; Fixed Power Supply Apparatus’, and with European Council Directive
89/336/EEC on electromagnetic compatibility with respect to the limitation of radio frequency
emissions.

11.7.3 AUDIBLE NOISE TEST

The STATCOM shall comply with chapter 1 of Part 5 of the Safety, Health and Welfare at
Work (General Application) Regulations 2007 S.I. No. 299 of 2007 as amended from 12
November 2007 by the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (General Application) (Amended)
Regulations 2007 (S.I. No. 732 of 2007) which sets down the minimum requirements for the
protection of workers from the health risks associated with noise in the workplace.
The customer shall carry out audible noise tests to EN ISO 3746, EN 9614 as agreed with
EirGrid and demonstrate that the level of audible noise inside the STATCOM
building/enclosure does not exceed 70 dB(A) in areas where personnel are permitted during
STATCOM operation.

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11.7.4 IMPULSE VOLTAGE TEST

A complete STATCOM may be subjected to impulse voltage tests at the prescribed insulation
withstand levels. The test assembly shall include at least one item of each component of
STATCOM.
Tests shall be carried out in accordance with IEC 61954, Draft BS EN 62927
(IEC 22F/380/CD) and CIGRE Technical Brochure 144.

11.8 ROUTINE TESTS

All of the routine tests prescribed in the relevant IEC Publication shall be made on each
assembled unit before shipment. Routine Testing shall also include relevant tests outlined in
‘Testing of Painting and Corrosion Protection’ section 19 above.
In addition, routine tests on the first fully assembled bay shall include verification of the IP
rating and operational tests before shipment. EirGrid may witness these tests.
Measurement of insulator creepage on a representative sample shall be included in the test
results.
Routine tests for DC capacitor units shall be in accordance with IEC 60171.
Routine tests for STATCOM designs shall be in accordance with IEC 61954, Draft BS EN
62927 (IEC 22F/380/CD).

11.9 QUALITY ASSURANCE

The customer shall provide evidence of the Quality Management System used for the
development, management and testing of Hardware platforms / Software functions. This shall
include but not be limited to, the demonstration of a quality controlled method for raising
software non-conformances during development, implementation and testing of software
functions with a clear and accountable audit trail for such items to be addressed and closed
out.
The customer shall demonstrate how the pre-FAT or Factory Verification Tests (FVT)
documentation is developed for a specific project and how this is used to develop the FAT
documentation, indicating the clear links between the Functional requirements, detailed
design specifications and the testing documentation.
The customer shall provide SAT results and commissioning documentation for function and
accuracy check of all protection for all STATCOM components (including the grid connected
transformer). This shall include secondary cabling, by secondary current and voltage injection
during the pre-commissioning phase.
The customer shall provide a protection co-ordination study in order to demonstrate any
interface protection and control requirements with the OCC protection system that may be
specified in the project specific Protection Specification.

11.10 REAL TIME SIMULATIONS (RTS)

To Verify The Dynamic Performance Of The STATCOM Hardware And Software Against The
critical network conditions and different types of disturbances identified during the design,
RTS analysis and tests shall be carried out.

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The customer shall perform factory system tests using the RTS to demonstrate the proper
operation of the control and protection system by connection of the actual plant to a real time
simulator and material to be supplied. The test scope and procedures for RTS shall be
submitted to EirGrid for review and acceptance.
An adequate representation of EirGrid’s power system under static and dynamic conditions to
which the STATCOM will be connected, shall be used for the tests/studies. The Customer
shall provide information on the simulator studies, at least 26 weeks before the
commencement of the RTS studies.
EirGrid reserves the right to appoint a representative or consultant to inspect and attend the
simulator study tests. The Customer shall give EirGrid adequate notice in writing of the date
of commencement of the simulator tests (minimum 4 weeks). The Simulator Study Results
report shall be submitted 3 weeks after completion the tests / studies.

11.11 TESTS AFTER ERECTION

The customer shall test the complete STATCOM after full erection as per IEC and OEM
recommended tests.
These tests shall include Partial Discharge measurements.
If the STATCOM is connected by cable then site HV tests may be required depending on the
scale of the site assembly. The level of testing to be carried out after erection shall be subject
to EirGrid agreement.
The necessary plant to carry out the prescribed test must be provided by the Customer for
the duration of the test.
No changes to the equipment shall occur on site without agreement in advance with EirGrid.
Any proposed changes to the technical records provided prior to equipment delivery must be
communicated clearly to EirGrid and agreed in advance.

11.12 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION AND ACCEPTANCE TESTS

The following tests shall be performed at the site on the fully assembled STATCOM with the
STATCOM operating and connected to the transmission system. These tests are required in
order for the customer to validate the operation of the STATCOM and its impact on the
transmission system.
The Customer shall issue a report analysing the STATCOMS performance in the tests
outlined below.
Additionally, the Customer shall validate the model provided during the design phase by
confirming that the design model matches the final control parameters installed (for fault ride
through and voltage control mode etc).
The Customer shall confirm that the simulated curves provided during the design phase
match those that are measured through testing.

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The following shall be carried out as minimum:

• Reactive Power Control

o Voltage control mode test
o Reactive power mode test
o Transferring between modes
o Speed of response

• Reactive Power Capability (operating range test)

o Leading capability
o Lagging capability

• STATCOM redundancy test

o Redundancy of the STATCOM converter within design range.
o Redundancy of the STATCOM controller inputs and power supplies.

• STATCOM overload test

• AC system fault test

• System control tests from local HMI

• Transmission SCADA interfaces and remote functional tests, including End-to-End

tests.

• Trial Operation
o STATCOM start-up test
o Measurement of Audible Sound
o Power Quality / Harmonics Measurements
o Performance monitoring during normal operation

12 INSTALLATION
While installation is the responsibility of the Customer, EirGrid requires a copy of the
installation instructions be provided. The instructions shall be in English and shall cover all
aspects of equipment installation up to and including putting into service. The Customer shall
ensure that the information supplied is clear and specific to the equipment being provided.

12.1 ERECTION AND MAINTENANCE

12.2 MAINTENANCE LAYOUT

The plant shall be arranged to give safe personnel access to maintenance staff when the
plant is not energised. The layout shall be designed to minimise the impact of maintenance
on the availability of the STATCOM.

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For indoor and outdoor mounted components platforms or catwalks with handrail shall be
provided where necessary. A catwalk serving two or more operating positions shall have two
stairways to the operating floor.
The general layout of the plant shall be such as to permit replacement or maintenance of any
sub-components of the plant. Fixed platforms or catwalks shall have removable sections to
permit replacement or maintenance of any sub-components if required. The layout shall also
allow for the provision of vehicular access for maintenance purposes if required.
The general layout of the plant shall be such as to permit replacement of any complete
STATCOM components by crane or other suitable lifting machinery. Access arrangements
shall be subject to review by EirGrid.
Lifting eyes shall be provided on all STATCOM components and also on removable catwalk
sections which cannot be lifted safely by other means.
The exact location and layout of the STATCOM on site will be agreed with EirGrid taking into
account the physical constraints of the site and the system constraints in de-commissioning
any existing equipment.
To ensure safety of personnel during maintenance:

• All parts of main circuits to which access is required shall be capable of being earthed.
Provision shall be made for carrying out primary injection tests on all current transformers.
Provision shall be made to allow component testing according to the maintenance procedure.

12.3 SPECIAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

The Customer shall provide all special tools or equipment required for maintenance of the
STATCOM system. This special tools shall include any hoists, jigs, gauges, templates,
meters, etc.

12.4 SPARE PARTS

The Customer, in consultation with the manufacturers of all parts of the STATCOM system,
shall list the Recommended Spares those spare parts which they recommend should be held
by EirGrid. All such spare parts, their type and quantity and any additional requirements shall
be agreed with EirGrid.
All recommended spare parts shall be provided with a description of their function and
complete installation instructions and associated drawings.

12.5 MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

The Customer shall provide a complete set of maintenance instructions (O&M). The
instructions shall be complete, in English and contain all associated instructions and drawings
pertaining to the continuing maintenance of the equipment throughout its lifecycle.

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13 COMPLIANCE WITH SPECIFICATION

All deviations from the requirements of this specification shall be listed in the “Deviations
Schedule” included in the Technical Schedule.
Should EirGrid determine that the offer does not comply with this specification or any part of
it, EirGrid reserve the right to reject the proposal.

14 DOCUMENTATION
All documents and communication shall be in English.

14.1 TO BE SUBMITTED DURING DESIGN

• Fully completed copy of the SCHEDULES attached to this Specification including
Deviations from Specification, quoting relevant section numbers of this specification.

• Fully detailed Type Test Certificates/Reports.

• Full technical particulars, detailed electrical connection diagram including internal

wiring, detailed physical drawings, technical literature, photographs, catalogues,
technical pamphlets, reference list, recommended spare parts, etc. to enable full
assessment of the offer.

• Details of corrosion protection and associated type test details.

• Details of routine, type and special tests to which all units will be submitted before
dispatch.

• Storage, Installation and Maintenance instructions.

• Statement of acceptance of warranty requirements.

• Any other data or information necessary to fully describe the STATCOM.

• Reference list for equipment similar to the proposed STATCOM including details of
quantities already in service, location and contact person.

• Service experience to date including defects history.

• A short description of the Quality Control philosophy including sampling techniques,

statistical parameters etc. plus tests carried out on raw materials employed.

• Factory production experience of STATCOM in general and specific STATCOM

proposed under this specification.

• Service Experience as required in this specification.

14.2 TO BE SUBMITTED DURING DETAILED DESIGN

14.2.1 DESIGN DOCUMENTS AND DRAWINGS

Primary and secondary design documents and drawings to be submitted during project detail
design stage shall include:

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• Outline dimensioned drawings of complete equipment.

o arrangement complete with fittings
o arrangement for transport and shipping
o Schematic diagrams of the complete STATCOM showing enclosures and
components including CT wiring and terminations
o A three dimensional model in REVIT or equivalent of the physical layout of the
STATCOM and all its components.

• Data sheets and FAT reports for complete equipment and for all individual
components including weight of all units.

• Single line diagrams, wiring diagrams, schematics, bill of materials.

• Lifting and handling studies

• Recommendation for installation, operation and maintenance, including list of tools

and equipment required e.g. test equipment.

• All technical documents (e.g. Navisworks / AutoCAD 3D models of equipment,

drawings, instruction manuals, etc.) shall also be provided in electronic format and
drawings shall be delivered via Internet e-mail in one of the following formats:
o Microstation.dgn – compatible with latest version MicroStation
o Acad-dwg – latest release
o Misc.dxf – compatible with latest version MicroStation

14.2.2 DESIGN REPORTS

The Customer shall provide the following design reports for EirGrid review prior to
manufacture of the STATCOM:

• Control system report

• Ratings report: HV plant on MV side of coupling transformer

• Earthing arrangements on MV side of coupling transformer

• Insulation co-ordination report

14.3 TEST PROGRAMME

The Customer shall submit a proposed test programme or inspection and test plan (ITP) and
test procedures to EirGrid for review prior to commencement of the tests. EirGrid is expected
to witness a number of inspections, tests.

14.4 TECHNICAL RECORDS

At hand-over 3 copies of the technical record folder of the STATCOM shall be supplied in
hardcopy and on USB/CD. This folder shall include:

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• Guaranteed rated values and characteristics i.e. the Project Specific Technical
Schedules that accompany the submission, modified where necessary.

• Detailed physical and electrical drawings.

• Detailed installation, operation and maintenance instructions.

• Certificates relating to the insulating material.

• Summary of type tests, routine tests and special tests, with copies of the Test
Certificates.

• Full details of all auxiliary equipment including FAT reports.

15 TRAINING
The Customer shall submit a training plan which shall describe in detail how the Customer
proposes to train EirGrid staff for operation of future EirGrid assets.
Training requirements will be detailed further in OFS-GEN-009 - Operation and Maintenance
General Specification.

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16 APPENDIX A: STUDIES AND REPORTS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE

CUSTOMER
Studies and reports shall be performed as detailed below and in accordance with the
requirements outlined in this specification.

16.1 PHASE 1 – OUTLINE DESIGN

The Customer shall provide studies and reports to demonstrate that the STATCOM can meet
the performance requirements of this specification and Project Specific Technical Schedule.
These studies/ reports shall include but are not limited to:
a) Load flow Studies - the objective of the studies are to determine and demonstrate the
STATCOM design characteristics such as: Steady-state and short-term STATCOM
ratings, reactive power flows under normal and abnormal system conditions and also
to demonstrate operating characteristics as detailed in Section 6.
b) Harmonic performance of the device (Section 9)
c) Loss Evaluation report (Section 6)
d) Acoustic noise performance including modelled values at sensitive receptors
(Section 6)
e) Reliability , availability , maintenance and safety studies (Section 6)
f) Whole life costing - estimates based on the losses, spare parts, maintenance.
(Section6)
g) Protection, Control and monitoring report describing the design philosophy.
(Section 7)

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16.2 PHASE 2 - DETAILED DESIGN STUDIES

Studies and reports to be provided during detailed design This stage will confirm or re-
evaluate the estimates and assumptions made in the FEED. The values and findings will form
design parameters for manufacture and testing requirements including type or factory testing.
Transient Stability Studies shall be carried out to determine the impact of the STATCOM on
electromechanical performance of the power system in response to a number of
contingencies over a range of operating conditions, to determine the stability and damping of
electromechanical oscillations (0.1-5 Hz) following the contingencies.
a) STATCOM transient ratings
b) transient response and damping of the power system.
c) Interaction of the STATCOM with other power system components.
d) Identify critical system conditions and contingencies
e) To identify enhancement to power transfer limits, transient stability and system
damping performance provided by the STATCOM.
f) Demonstrate control modes, control parameters and control limits.
g) STATCOM operation and system protection detailed design report.
h) Small disturbance studies shall be carried out to assess the performance of the
STATCOM in relation to other active devices within the local network.
i) Identify any interaction modes between the various control devices in the system
j) optimizing the coordination of multiple STATCOM devices.
k) The possibility of low frequency oscillations due to lack of damping,
l) measures for providing damping will be demonstrated.
m) effect of STATCOM POD controller on the system damping, and the controller phase
requirements.

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