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18 views16 pages

CND PDF

Cnd ppt

Uploaded by

vishwabhandare094
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Connecting Devices

Pranjali Shedage - 2413


Samishra Karmalkar - 2414
Aniruddha Rokade - 2415
Srushti Mane - 2416
Need Of
Connecting Devices

Computers, LANs do not operate in an


isolated manner They are either
connected to one another or to the
Internet. For such connection, we need to
use the connecting devices. They help in
sharing data, expanding network
coverage, and ensuring smooth
communication. These devices manage
network traffic and also improve speed.
Connecting devices and OSI model

Connecting devices are divided into five


different categories on the basis of layers
in which they operate in the network.
Such as
• Repeaters operate in Physical layer.
• Bridges operates in physical layer as
well as data link layer.
• Router works at the network layer .
• Gateway operates at the all five layers.
Types of Network connecting Devices

Network Connecting
Devices

Repeaters Hubs Bridges Routers Gateways Switches


Repeater
A repeater is a network device that operates at
the Physical Layer (Layer 1) of the OSI
model and is used to regenerate and amplify
weak or distorted signals for long-distance
communication. It receives incoming signals,
boosts their strength, and retransmits them
without changing the data, ensuring that the
signal quality remains preserved over
extended distances. Repeaters are commonly
used in both wired and wireless networks to
extend coverage and prevent signal
degradation.
Hubs
The general meaning of the word hub is
any connecting device. But its specific
meaning is multiport repeater.It is
normally used for connecting stations in
a physical star topology All networks
require central location to connect
various segments of media coming from
various nodes Such a Central location is
called as a hub.A hub organises the
cables and relays signals to the other
media segments.
Types Of Hubs

1.Passive hub :
It is just a connector that connects the wires coming from different
branches.The signal pass through a passive hub without regeneration or amplification.

2. Active hubs :
It is also known as Multiport repeaters.They regenerate or amplify the signal before they are
retransmitted.

3. Intelligent Hub :
It Regenerate the signals and perform network management and intelligent path selection.
Bridges
A bridge can operate in the physical layer
as well as in the date link layer of the OSI
model. It is a computer network device,
which creates a single aggregate network
from multiple communication networks
or network segments This function is
called network bridging. It uses MAC
addresses to determine whether to
forward or discard data packets.

There are 4 types of bridges


• Simple bridges
• Multipoint bridges
• Transparent bridges
• Source routing bridges.
Functions of Bridges

• A bridge joins or separate the two computer networks.


• It checks data packets and decides whether to forward or block them based on
MAC addresses.

• It divides a large network into smaller segments, reducing unnecessary traffic.

• It connects different LANs, making the network bigger.

• It isolates some network traffic, preventing unnecessary data exchange.


Routers
Routers work at the network layer of the
OSI model. Routers are devices that
connect two or more networks as shown
in fig .They consist of a combination of
hardware and software.

Types of Routers :
• Wired Routers
• Wireless Routers
• Core and Edge Routers
• Virtual Routers
• Broadband Routers
Function Of Routers

• Router Performs the traffic directing function on the Internet.


• Packet Forwarding is one of the important function of Router that means it
Routes the data packets from one network to another based on IP addresses
• It is used for Path Selection which Chooses the best path for data transmission
using routing algorithms
• Routers provide Wi-Fi connectivity ,allowing wireless devices to connect to the
network.
Gateways
Gateway is a network hardware device that
is using for making communication in
between two networks with different
transmission protocol together. Gateway
operates through all the seven layers of the
OSI model and all the five layers of the
internet model.Gateway in networking
works as an entry and exit “Gate” for the
networks that helps to bypass the all data
with the gateway prior to being routed.
Gateways can also use for both WAN and
LAN interconnects.
Function Of Gateways

• It allows to move the all information over the Web and provides the entry
gate for several networks then users are able to perform many tasks like as
send email, Web,navigate the Web Page, buy any product and services
over the etc.

• It plays the role as bridge in between the sensors internet devices.With


using of gateway, battery life of sensors and other devices is getting to
boost up.

• It helps to reduce the latency while preparing the information.

• It allows to get reduction of the number of sensors and devices connected to


the web.
Switches
The switch is a networking device works
under Data Link Layer of OSI Model, It
transfer data in the form of frames and use
for multi-casting. Switch in networking is
having an intelligence technology which can
filter data packets and like this data can be
sent to a particular user and it prevents from
creating lots of traffic and wastage of
bandwidth. In a network, the switch can
perform error checking before forwarding
the data , it does not forward frames which
are having an error.
Conclusion
In summary, understanding the roles of various network devices such as
routers, switches, hubs, bridges, repeaters, and gateways is crucial for
designing efficient networks. Each device plays a specific role in
facilitating communication and data transfer within and between
networks, making them integral to modern computing and
communication systems.
Thank you!!

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