¯¿x g„Yv‡ji eyw× I iex›`ªbv_

mv` Kvgvjx
U

g„Yvj‡K Ni †_‡K †ei K‡i Avbv‡jI ARvbv A‡Pbv Awbivc` †Kv_vI nvwi‡q †d‡jbwb, A_ev g„Yv‡ji Mš—e¨
m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv mskq iv‡Lbwb iex›`ªbv_| g„Yvj ¯^vgx msmv‡ii PiYZjvkªq wQbœ K‡i †M‡Q Zx_© Ki‡Z kªx‡¶‡Î
RM`xk¦‡ii mgx‡c| ... AvwkªZ we›`yi we‡q wVK nq, wKš‘ cvÎ we›`y‡K †`L‡ZI Av‡m bv, we‡qI n‡e
ixwZwei“×fv‡e cv‡Îi evwo‡Z| GUv bvwK Zv‡`i †KŠwjK cÖ_v| g„Yv‡ji g‡b cvÎ m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv mskq bv †R‡M
Li‡Pi K_v g‡b Av‡m, Li‡Pi f‡qB GiKg cÖ_vq mK‡j eywS m¤§Z n‡q‡Q| we›`yi w`w` Ges Ab¨mKj AvZ¥xq
we›`yi Kvbœv AvcwË Kv‡b †Zv‡j bv| g„Yvj †kv‡b, wKš‘ eyw×gvb g„YvjI GKevi cÖkœ K‡i bv, †Kgb cv‡Îi Kv‡Q
we‡q n‡”Q| we›`yi g‡Zv AvwkªZ Amnvq Kv‡jv cvÎx‡K bv †`‡LB †h cvÎ we‡q Ki‡Z ivwR †mB cvÎLvbv †K ? ...
†g‡q‡`i c‡¶i Mí e‡j cwiwPZ Ô¯¿xi cÎÕ-†Z †`Lv hvq msmv‡ii KZ©v cyi“l¸‡jvB ¸‡Y wPš—vq gvbweK AvPi‡YI
bvqK| Ab¨w`‡K, we›`yi kvïwo Ôh‡gi g‡ZvÕ duvwK w`‡q cvMj †Q‡j‡K we‡q w`‡q‡Q| g„Yv‡ji e‡ov RvÕi A‡bK
m¼xY© g‡bi A‡bK Lei M‡í hÎZÎ i‡q‡Q, we›`yi eqm jyKvevi †Póv K‡i‡Q| cvMj ¯^vgxi Ni †_‡K we›`y cvwj‡q
G‡jI Zvi g‡b Ki“YviI D‡`ªK nq bv, eis e‡j, cvMj n‡jI ¯^vgx †Zv ! g„Yvj Avwe®‹vi K‡i, Ô†g‡qgvbyl‡K
†g‡qgvbyl `qv K‡i bv|Õ msmv‡i g„Yvj †g‡q‡`i Ici cyi“‡li AZ¨vPvi, `qvnxb AvPiY †`L‡Z †c‡q‡Q bv †g‡q‡`i
wbôziZv †`‡L‡Q †ewk !

kªxbxi`P›`ª †PŠayixi evev GKw`b e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôbxi“ ew¼gP‡›`ªi cÖ‡Z¨KwU eD N‡ii evi n‡q‡Q|Õ evevi GB K_vi
m‡½ bx‡iv` evey c‡i †hvM K‡ib, ÔZey Zvnv‡`i mK‡jB mZx iwnqv‡Q| iex›`ªbv_ GB mgš^q †`Lvb bvB, Zvnv wK
wZwb eªvþ I ew¼gP›`ª wn›`y ewjqv ?Õ [wbe©vwPZ cÖeÜ, kªxbxi`P›`ª †PŠayix Avb›`] ¯¿xi cÎ M‡íi g„Yvj Ni †_‡K
†ei n‡qI cÖkœvZxZ mZx †_‡K hvq| g„Yvj‡K Ni †_‡K †ei K‡i Avbv‡jI ARvbv A‡Pbv Awbivc` †Kv_vI nvwi‡q
†d‡jbwb, A_ev g„Yv‡ji Mš—e¨ m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv mskq iv‡Lbwb iex›`ªbv_| g„Yvj ¯^vgx msmv‡ii PiYZjvkªq wQbœ
K‡i †M‡Q Zx_© Ki‡Z kªx‡¶‡Î RM`xk¦‡ii mgx‡c| kireveyi A‡bK bvwqKvI ˆeae¨, AviI A‡bK m¼‡Ui Pv‡c
Mqv-Kvwk‡Z Avkªq K‡i wb‡qwQj| Z‡e ¯¿xi cÎÕi g„Yvj ïay iex›`ªbv‡_i M‡íB bq evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i GK Abb¨
m„wó| g„Yvj m„wói cÖvq kZ ermi cwiμgv †k‡lI Ggb AvZ¥m‡PZb, ms‡e`bkxj bvix PwiÎ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ kZ
kZ †bB| msmv‡ii wfZi bvixi Acgvb, cxob g„Yvj †hgb wb‡R Abyfe K‡i‡Q †Zgb Av½yj w`‡q Ab¨‡`i‡KI
†`wL‡q w`‡q‡Q| g„Yv‡ji GB †`wL‡q †`qv, AvZ¥m¤§vb, we‡eK eyw× hZUv ¯^vaxb ev ¯^Zù‚Z© Zvi †P‡q †ewk mªóv
iex›`ªbv‡_i m‡PZbZv w`‡q wbqwš¿Z| iex›`ªbv‡_i GB wbqš¿Y eyw×gvb cvV‡Ki eyS‡Z †eM †c‡Z nq bv| D”PweË
i¶Ykxj wn›`y cwiev‡ii my›`ix †gReD g„Yvj‡K 1321 evsjv m‡b Ni †_‡K †ei K‡i Avbv eoai‡Yi P¨v‡jÄ|
iex›`ªbv_ AmvaviY mvg‡_©¨ Zv mdj n‡q‡Qb| hw`I wewcbP›`ª cvj (g„Yv‡ji K_v, bvivqY, AMÖnvqY 1321) mn
nv‡ji Avng` iwdK (cÖm½ bvix AwaKvi t †gR‡eŠ g„Yvj KZUv we‡`vnx, BD wc Gj 2002) g„Yv‡ji AwZ we‡`ªvn
A_ev we‡`ªv‡ni NvUwZ wb‡q ZK© K‡i Avm‡Q| wewcbP›`ª cv‡ji mgv‡jvPbv iex›`ªbv_ ¯^qs c‡o‡Qb, gš—e¨
K‡i‡Qb| g„Zz¨i gvÎ K‡qK gvm Av‡M 17 †g 1941, ivYx P›`‡K e‡j‡Qb,

1
 ÔcÖ_‡g Avwg †g‡q‡`i c¶ wb‡q ¯¿xi cÎ Mí ewj| wewcb cvj Zvi cÖwZev` K‡ib, wKš‘ cvi‡eb †Kb ? Zvi c‡i
Avwg hLbB myweav †c‡qwQ e‡jwQ| Gev‡iI mywe‡a †cjyg, Qvoe †Kb, m`yi gyL w`‡q wKQy ewj‡q wbjyg|

†g‡q‡`i c¶ wb‡q ¯¿x g„Yvj‡K w`‡q wK ewj‡q‡Qb Zvi Av‡M m`yi K_v †R‡b wbB, Ges myweav †c‡q m`y‡K w`‡q wZwb
wK ejv‡jb! evsjvi mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ-a‡g©i AveZ©b weeZ©‡b cÖev`Zzj¨ †Rvovmuv‡Kvi weËevb VvKzi cwiev‡ii †kªô
VvKz‡ii †g‡q‡`i c‡¶ ejvi †¶‡Î †Kvb ai‡Yi Amyweav wQj, Av‡`ŠI wQj wK bv Zv wfbœ Ges Ab_©K GK
M‡elYvi welq| Zvi †_‡K mnR I Ri“wi n‡jv m`yi e`bvg MíwU c‡o †bqv| e`bv‡gi cÖavb PwiÎ e„wU‡ki cywjk
B݇c±v‡ii ¯¿x †mŠ`vwgbx Ii‡d m`y A‡bK K_v e‡j, ejvi R‡b¨ e‡j, M‡íi cÖ‡qvR‡b ejv bq| myweav †c‡q
m`y‡K w`‡q †g‡q‡`i c‡¶ we‡kl †Kvb K_v iex›`ªbv_ ewj‡q‡Qb ? B݇c±vi ¯^vgxi Rb¨ ¯¿x †mŠ`vwgbx ivZ `yUv
wZbUv Aewa Lvevi AvM‡j e‡m _v‡K Ges e‡iY¨ iex›`ªbv‡_i †`qv my‡hv‡M cÖvmw½KZvi evB‡i A‡bK A‡bK
AcÖvmw½K K_v e‡j †d‡j,

Ô†g‡q‡`i PvZzix w`‡q NiKbœv Pvjv‡Z nq, †mUv †`‡ki †mevq jvMv‡j H ¯¿xeyw× †lvjAvbv Kv‡R jvM‡Z cv‡i|
cyi“liv †evKv, Zviv Avgv‡`i e‡j mijv, ALjv − GB bv‡gi Avov‡jB Avgiv mvaŸxcbv K‡i _vwK Avi H
†LvKvi eveviv gy» n‡q hvq| Avgiv Aejv ALjv, KzKz‡ii Mjvq wkK‡ji g‡Zv GB L¨vwZ Avgiv Mjvq c‡i _vwK,
Avi †Zvgiv Avgv‡`i wcQb wcQb †U‡b †U‡b wb‡q †eovI| ... msmv‡i †g‡qiv `yt‡Li Kvievi Ki‡ZB G‡m‡Q| †mB
`ytL †Kej Avwg NiKbœvi Kv‡R dzu‡K w`‡Z cvie bv| Avwg PvB †mB `yt‡Li Av¸‡b R¡vwj‡q †`e †`‡ki hZ Rgv‡bv
Auv¯—vKzo| †jv‡K ej‡e bv mZx, ej‡e bv mvaŸx, ej‡e `¾vj †g‡q|Õ

GB AbM©j K_vi duv‡K ¯^vgx cig wbwð‡š— e‡j, Ô†Zvgvi gy‡L IiKg K_v Avwg †Xi ï‡bwQ, Zvi c‡i †`‡LwQ
msmvi †hgb P‡j †Zgwb Pj‡Q| gv‡S gv‡S gb †Lvjmv Kiv `iKvi, ZvB ïwb Avi nvfvbv Pzi“U Uvwb|Õ ¯^vgx
weRqeveyi GB D‡c¶v AeÁvm~PK gš—‡e¨i Dˇi Rgv‡bv AÜKvi Auv¯—vKz‡o wb‡¶‡ci GBgvÎ cÖwZkÖ“wZi †NvlK
†mŠ`vwgbx Lywk‡Z, A‡nZz ¯^vgx M‡e© gvL‡bi g‡Zv M‡j hvq, n¨v †Mv Ô... Avwg Rvwb Avwg hvB Kwi †kl ch©š— Zzwg
Avgv‡K ¶gv Ki‡eB Avi †mB ¶gvB h_v_© gvby‡li j¶Y, †hb kªxK…‡òi ey‡K f„¸i cv‡qi wPý| †Zvgvi †mB
¶gvi Kv‡QB †Zv Avwg nvi †g‡b AvwQ| ... Avgv‡K Zzwg †PvL ey‡R wek¦vm K‡i G‡mQ, hw`I memg‡q †mB wek¦v‡mi
†hvM¨Zv Avgvi wQj bv| Avwg GBRb¨B †Zvgv‡K fw³ Kwi, Avgvi fw³ kv¯¿g‡Z Mov bq|Õ m`yi Ggb cÖMjfZvq
¯^vgx AveviI †LuvPv †`q, Ôm`y Avi †Kb, †cU f‡i hv ejevi †m †Zv e‡j †M‡j|Õ

B݇c±vi weRqeveyi Kuv‡a `vwqZ¡ †P‡c‡Q weL¨vZ ¯^‡`kx Awbj A_ev e„wUk cywj‡ki fvlvq Awbj WvKvZ‡K †MÖßvi
Kivi| GB ¯^‡`kx Awbj eo wewPÎ, ejv fv‡jv A™¢~Z| mvaviY wn›`yRb Zv‡K †`eZvi AeZvi g‡b K‡i c~Rv
K‡i| wn›`y cywjk K݇Uej wKQy‡ZB Zv‡K †MÖßvi Kivi mvnm †`wL‡q ag© †Lvqv‡Z cvi‡e bv| WvKvZ ev ¯^‡`kx
wn‡m‡e Zvi Kg©Kv‡Êi †Kv‡bv †LuvR GB M‡í bv _vK‡jI AeZvi ev mvay cyi“l wn‡m‡e Zvi KxwZ©K‡g©i Lei A‡bK
Qov‡bv i‡q‡Q| Awbj Ô†fvi ivwˇi Kz¤¢K †hvM K‡i k~‡b¨ Avmb K‡i, GUv bvwK A‡b‡K ¯^P‡¶ †`‡L‡Q|Õ MÖv‡gi
†jv‡Ki wek¦vm, ÔI GKRb wm×cyi“l, evev †fvjvbv‡_i wPwýZ| Ii Mv‡q nvZ †`‡e wn›`yi N‡i AvR Ggb †jvK
†bB|Õ Awb‡ji cv‡qi Qv‡ci Ici Ôwn›`y cvnvivIqvjvivÕ fw³ f‡i jywU‡q co‡Z Pvq| †KD IB cv‡qi wP‡ýi
Ici gw›`i evbvevi Rb¨ wÎk nvRvi UvKv w`‡q e‡m‡Q| GK f³ wWw÷ªK R‡Ri Kv‡Q Awbj wkemswnZvi e¨vL¨v

2
K‡i †M‡Q| †Zv G‡nb Awbj‡K iex›`ªbv‡_i Kj¨vYxqv bvix m`y †Mvc‡b cÖkªq †`q, cywj‡ki †LuvRLei Rvwb‡q mgq
g‡Zv mZK© K‡i iv‡L| m`y ev †mŠ`vwgbxi Kv‡QI Awbj ïay ¯^‡`kx bq c~R¨ cÖwZg, Ges †m Av¶wiK A‡_©B
Awbj‡K c~Rv K‡i| eoKZ©vi Kov wb‡`©‡k B݇c±vi weRqevey e‡ov m¼Uvcbœ n‡q ¯¿x m`yi kiYvcbœ nq, ¯^vgxi
GB ÔkiYvcbœÕ Ae¯’vq m`y Avn¬vw`Z| ÔGK`j cyi“l ¯¿xi †Rv‡ii Kv‡Q nvi bv †g‡b _vK‡Z cv‡i bv, Zviv Kvcyi“l|
Avi GK `j Av‡Q Zviv mZ¨Kv‡ii cyi“l, ZvB Zviv ¯¿xi Kv‡Q Amsk‡q nvi †g‡bB †bq| Zviv Awek¦vm Ki‡Z
Rv‡bB bv, †Kbbv Zviv e‡ov|Õ m`y AZci GB Ôe‡ovÕ ¯^vgxi m¼U D×v‡i Awbj‡K awi‡q w`‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| m`yi
†`qv mgq g‡Zv wbw`©ó gw›`‡ii mvg‡b weRq G‡m `uvovq, Zvi eyK Kuvc‡Q, gw›`‡ii wfZi †_‡K gš¿R‡ci kã
Avm‡Q, Ôa¨v‡qwbœZ¨s g‡nks iRZwMwiwbfs Pvi“P›`ªveZsms|Õ GK mgq weRq Ômvn‡m fi K‡i w`‡jb `iRvq av°v|
fvOv `iRv Ly‡j †Mj| wfZ‡i GKwU gvwUi cÖ`xc wgU&wgU& K‡i R¡j‡Q, †`L‡jb wkewj‡½i mvg‡b Zuvi ¯¿x †Rvo nvZ
K‡i e‡m, Avi Awbj GK cv‡k cv_‡ii g~wZ©i g‡Zv `uvwo‡q|Õ weRq we¯§‡q AvnZ, Ôm`y Ae‡k‡l †Zvgvi GB
KvR|Õ m`y AveviI A‡bK K_vi wf‡o ej‡Qb :

Ôhuvi (¯^vgxi) †Kv‡bv ûKzg KL‡bv †Vj‡Z cvwiwb, mK‡ji †P‡q KwVb AvR‡Ki GB ûKzg − GI Avgv‡K gvb‡Z
n‡e| GB Avgvi †`eZv‡K (Awbj‡K) AvR †Zvgvi nv‡ZB †Q‡o w`‡q Avwg m‡i `uvove|Õ

GB m`yI mZx mvaŸx Kj¼nxb| Ni †Q‡o †ei n‡jI wb®‹j¼, Avmvgx Awbj Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Q, ÔLye fv‡jv K‡iB
wP‡bwQ Avwg I‡K (m`y‡K), wPwb e‡jB Avcbv‡K ejwQ I wb®‹j¼| ... wek¦msmv‡ii †jvK m`y m¤^‡Ü wKQy Rvb‡e bv,
Avcbvi †Kv‡bv fq †bB| I‡K wb‡q Avcwb gw›`‡ii myo½ c_ w`‡q evwo wdi“b|Õ GKRb ¯^‡`kx †bZv‡K †`eZvi
g‡Zv c~Rv K‡i, NiKbœvi PvZzix †`‡ki Kv‡R jvwM‡q Ges ¯^vgxi cÖwZ fw³f‡i KZ©e¨ cvjb K‡iI †mŠ`vwgbx‡K
Kj¼nxbZvi wbðqZv Av`vq Ki‡Z nq, hw`I iex›`ªbv_ †mŠ`vwgbx‡K w`‡q cªPzi K_v ewj‡q wb‡q‡Qb ! Avlvp
1348 mv‡j Rxeb mvqv‡ý GB Mí †jLvi Av‡M ¯¿xi cÎ wjLevi ci ˆR¨ô 1335-G wj‡LwQ‡jb Ôms¯‹viÕ MíwU|
Ôms¯‹viÕ M‡íi bvwqKv KwjKvI ¯^‡`kx, ¯^vgx wMix›`ª Zvi wecixZ| m`yi g‡Zv NiKbœvi PvZzix w`‡q †`‡ki Kj¨vY
Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nevi g‡Zv bq| KwjKv wPš—v I ivR‰bwZK †ev‡aB ivRbxwZ‡Z Rov‡Z Pvq| wMix›`ª ¯^‡`kx
Av‡›`vj‡b KwjKvi GB AskMÖnY †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv| Zvi Kv‡Q g‡b nq ÔAvgv‡`i GB AvPviRxY© †`‡k LÏicivUv
†mBiKg gvjvwZjKavix avwg©KZvi g‡ZvB GKUv ms¯‹v‡i cwiYZ n‡Z P‡j‡Q e‡jB †g‡q‡`i I‡Z GZ Avb›`|Õ
ms¯‹vi, c~Rvi g‡Zv e‡jB, †Kvb eyw× ev †PZbv †_‡K KwjKvi GB ivR‰bwZK mskªe bq| KwjKv hLb wMix‡›`ªi
K_vi cÖwZev` K‡i DËi †`q, Ô†`‡Lv LÏi civi ïwPZv †hw`b M½vøv‡bi g‡ZvB †`‡ki †jv‡Ki ms¯‹v‡i euvav c‡o
hv‡e †mw`b †`k euvP‡e|Õ ZLb ¯^vgx wMix›`ª KwjKvi eyw× m¤ú‡K© AviI wbwðZ n‡q bxi‡e euvKv nv‡m, cÖ_g
cyi“‡l †jLv GB M‡í AZtci cvVK‡K Rvwb‡q †`qv nq, GB eyw×`xß K_vUvI KwjKvi bq, gyL¯’ K_v, ÔGB
K_v¸‡jv Aa¨vcK bqb‡gvn‡bi AvßevK¨ ; Zvi †_‡K †Kv‡UkbgvK©v ¶‡q wM‡q‡Q, KwjKv I¸‡jv‡K wb‡Ri
¯^wPwš—Z e‡jB Rv‡b|Õ

eyw×gvb g„Yvj PwiÎ m„wói ci i¶Ykxj wewcbP›`ª cvj‡`i mgv‡jvPbvq iex›`ªbv_ bvwK fxZ bb, Zvic‡i
†g‡q‡`i w`‡q wZwb A‡bK ewj‡q‡Qb ! g„Yv‡jvËi A‡bK ewj‡q bvwqKv‡`i †Luv‡R †mŠ`vwgbx‡K †`Lv n‡q‡Q|
†mŠ`vwgbxi Av‡M KwjKvi GB Ae¯’v, KwjKvi ¯^‡`kx †cÖg †h ïaygvÎ ms¯‹vi, Zv cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ iex›`ªbv_ †h
KvRwU K‡ib Zv‡Z wewcb cvj‡`iB Lywk nIqvi K_v| †`kx we‡`kx D”Pgv‡M©i mvwnZ¨ cov ¯^vgx wMix‡›`ªi m‡½

3
eÜzi evwo‡Z Pv‡qi Avgš¿Y i¶v Ki‡Z hvw”Qj| c‡_ wfo nv½vgv †`‡L wMix›`ª Mvwo `uvo Kivq, cvovi eyov †g_i
øvb †kl K‡i cwi®‹vi Kvco c‡i bvwZi nvZ a‡i hvIqvi c‡_ KviI kix‡i Zvi ¯úk© †j‡M _vK‡Z cv‡i| GB
¯úk©‡`v‡l iv¯—vi gvbyl, gv‡ivqvwi e¨emvqx, eyov †g_iUv‡K †e`g †cUvq| wMix›`ª G‡Z AvnZ n‡q †g_i‡K i¶v
Ki‡Z wb‡Ri Mvwo‡Z Zz‡j wb‡Z PvB‡j KwjKv cÖej AvcwË Rvwb‡q ¯^vgxi nvZ †P‡c a‡i, ÔKiQ Kx| I †h †g_i
!Õ wMix›`ª e‡j, Ô†nvK bv †g_i, ZvB e‡j I‡K Ab¨vq gvi‡e ?Õ KwjKv e‡j, ÔIiB †Zv †`vl| iv¯—vi gvSLvb w`‡q
hvq †Kb| cvk KvwU‡q †M‡j wK Ii gvbnvwb nZ ?Õ ZeyI wMix›`ª †g_i‡K Mvwo‡Z Zzj‡Z PvB‡j KwjKv e‡j,
ÔZvn‡j GLwb GLv‡b iv¯—vq †b‡g hve| †g_i‡K Mvwo‡Z wb‡Z cvie bv|Õ M‡íi bvg ms¯‹vi| ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡bi
cÖej mg_©K, GKRb bvix‡K nxb eY©ms¯‹v‡i AÜ K‡i †`Lv‡jb †Kb iex›`ªbv_ ! ¯^‡`kx LÏi civI GKUv ms¯‹vi,
Avi ms¯‹vi e‡jB KwjKvi AvMÖn, wZwb †evSv‡Z PvB‡jb − eyw×nxb, †h cyi“‡li eyw× avi K‡i P‡j †mB bvixi
¯^v‡`wkKZvI GKiKg ms¯‹vi ! wMix›`ª GLv‡b D`vi, ms¯‹…wZevb, ms¯‹vinxb bvqK| e„wU‡ki cywjk B݇c±vi
weRqeveyI gnZ bvqK| AwbjI bvqK| Z‡e Awbj ¯^‡`kx wn‡m‡e bq AeZvi m`„k¨ bvqK, ïay weeªZ, Avkw¼Z
†mŠ`vwgbx, AgvbweK ms¯‹v‡i Av”Qbœ KwjKv|

¯¿xi cÎ cÖKvk nq meyRcÎ kªveY 1321 msL¨vq| Gi Pvi eQi ci ÔcjvZKvÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i Ôgyw³Õ KweZvwUI
cÖKvwkZ nq IB meyRcÎ Avlvp 1325 msL¨vq| m`y ev KwjKv bq, gyw³ KweZvi bvwqKv e¨_© evBk eQi msmvi
hvc‡bi ci Amy¯’ Ae¯’vq g„Zz¨c_hvÎx n‡q wb‡R‡K msmv‡ii g‡a¨ †hfv‡e Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi m‡½ c‡bi
eQi msmvi Kiv g„Yv‡ji cÎ Awfe¨w³i A‡bK wgj D‡j−L Kivi g‡Zv| g„Yv‡ji kªx‡¶‡Îi cig Mš—‡e¨i g‡Zv
evBk eQ‡ii msmv‡i wbM„nxZ gyw³i bvwqKvI g„Zz¨i wfZi w`‡q cªfyi mvwbœ‡a¨ †cuŠ‡Q Kv‡ji cvivev‡i Abš— kvwš—i
Kvgbv e¨³ K‡i,

ÔZz”Q evBk eQi Avgvi N‡ii †Kv‡Yi ayjvq c‡o _vK|

j²x, mZx, fv‡jvgvbyl, Kj¨vYxqv GB gygl~ y© eDwUi K‡É Aek¨ iex›`ªbv_ AvKw¯§Kfv‡e n‡jI †eva Ges Kve¨
†mŠ›`‡h© AZzjbxq PviwU PiY cÖKvk K‡ib| gyw³i AvL¨vb AvfvwmZ c‡`¨i wfZi GB PiY PviwU KweZvi
D¾¡jZv wb‡q gnv m‡Z¨i D‡Øvab NUvq, hw`I GB mZ¨ Zvi mvwn‡Z¨ †Kv‡bv bvixi g‡a¨ ev Zuvi M‡`¨I cÖwZwôZ
nqwb| Ôgyw³Õi Awe¯§iYxq PiY

ÔAvwg bvix, Avwg gnxqmx

4
 Avgvi my‡i myi †eu‡a‡Q †R¨vrøv-exYvq wb`ªvwenxb kkx|
Avwg bB‡j wg_¨v nZ mܨvZviv IVv,
wg_¨v nZ Kvb‡b dzj-†dvUv|Õ

g„Yvj wjLevi ci Avi GK mnR mij cÖvq wb‡e©va bvwqKv †lvokx‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb ÔZcw¯^bxÕ (ˆR¨ô 1324) M‡í|
†hvMx wk¶K cuwPk eQ‡ii †lvokx‡K ej‡Q, ÔGUv wbðq †R‡bv ¯¿x‡jvK n‡qI mvabvi c‡_ Zzwg †h GZ`~i AMÖmi
n‡qQ †m †Kej †Zvgvi ¯^vgxi Amvgvb¨ Z‡cve‡j|Õ †hvMx wk¶‡Ki gyL †_‡K Ô¯¿x‡jvK n‡qIÕ †hvM mvabvi cÖksmv
ï‡b Ô†lvokxi kixi-gb cyjwKZ nBqv DwVj|Õ

g„Yv‡jvËi AviI GKwU Mí ÔcvÎ I cvÎxÕ (†cŠl 1324)-†Z wkw¶Z ms¯‹…wZevb ¶gZvai cyi“‡li cv‡k m„wó
K‡ib ms¯‹v‡i Av”Qbœ, Awkw¶Z, †evKv wb‡e©va KZ¸wj bvix PwiÎ| cvÎ I cvÎx M‡íi cvÎ †kl ch©š— Zv‡`i
gvbyl wn‡m‡eB MY¨ Ki‡Z bvivR, e‡j, ÔeB‡q c‡owQ, GKiKg RxevYy Av‡Q †m μgvMZB †Nv‡i| wKš‘, gvbyl
†Nv‡i bv, gvbyl P‡j| †mB RxevYyi cwiewa©Z ms¯‹i‡Yi m‡½B wK weavZv nZfvM¨ cyi“lgvby‡li weev‡ni m¤^Ü
cvwZqv‡Qb|Õ KwjKv, †lvokx ev RxevYy Zzj¨ bvix PwiÎ †`‡L wewcbP›`ª cvj wbðq Lywk n‡qwQ‡jb A_ev
iex›`ªbv_ Zv‡`i ¯^w¯— w`‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb !

¯^vgxi kªxPiY‡K mØÜb K‡i g„Yvj Zvi cÎ ïi“ K‡i| Avi iex›`ªbv_ †mB mg‡qi †cÖ¶vc‡U GK Awfbe Avw½‡K
Ô¯¿xi cÎÕ MíwU eqvb K‡ib| M‡í ev c‡Î g„Yvj GKvwaKevi wb‡Ri eyw× I iƒ‡ci K_v ¯^vgx‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q|
m”Qj Ges i¶Ykxj cwiev‡ii my›`ix eyw×gvb †g‡Rv eD g„Yvj †Kb Ni †Q‡o †h‡Z eva¨ n‡jv ! msmv‡ii wkK‡j
bvixi e›`x`kv, D‡c¶v, Acgvb, AmnvqZ¡ †`‡L ms‡e`bkxj g„Yvj AvZ¥m¤§vb‡ev‡ai gvbwmK Pv‡c Ni Qv‡o|
cÖZ¨¶ wbh©vZb bq, AcgvbI bq, ïay AvZ¥m¤§vb‡ev‡ai Zvobvq PiYZjvkªqwQbœ K‡i g„Yv‡ji P‡j hvIqvi Mí
covi mgq iex›`ªbv_ cvVK‡K m‡›`ngy³fv‡eB Avk¦¯— Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, g„Yv‡ji wm×v‡š—i ev¯—eZv †hŠw³KZv
wb‡q ZZ cÖkœvKzj bq| e‡ovRvÕi †QvU †evb Amnvq we›`yi Ki“Y cwiYwZ msmv‡i †g‡q‡`i Ae¯’vb‡K g„Yv‡ji
mvg‡b cÖZ¨¶ K‡i †Zv‡j| Avkªqnxb wK‡kvix we›`y‡K g„Yvj Avkªq fv‡jvevmv †`q, wewbg‡q we›`yI hvicibvB
fv‡jv‡e‡m‡Q g„Yvj‡K| AvwkªZ we›`yi we‡q wVK nq, wKš‘ cvÎ we›`y‡K †`L‡ZI Av‡m bv, we‡qI n‡e
ixwZwei“×fv‡e cv‡Îi evwo‡Z| GUv bvwK Zv‡`i †KŠwjK cÖ_v| g„Yv‡ji g‡b cvÎ m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv mskq bv †R‡M
Li‡Pi K_v g‡b Av‡m, Li‡Pi f‡qB GiKg cÖ_vq mK‡j eywS m¤§Z n‡q‡Q| gv_vi Pzj †_‡K cv‡qi bL, nv‡Zi
ivbœv †_‡K gy‡Li K_v, `uvZ wRe KÉbvjx hvPvB evQvB K‡i hLb GKRb cvÎx †Q‡jc‡¶i Kv‡Q DËxY© nq ZLb
we›`y‡K †`L‡ZI Avm‡jv bv, bv †`‡LB cv‡Îi m¤§wZ ! we›`y Kuv‡`, f‡q AvZ‡¼ AvZ© nvnvKvi K‡i, †m wKQy‡ZB
we‡q Ki‡e bv| we‡q K‡i g„Yv‡ji fv‡jvevmvi Avkªq wQbœ Ki‡Z †m fq cv‡”Q| we›`yi w`w` Ges Ab¨mKj AvZ¥xq
we›`yi Kvbœv AvcwË Kv‡b †Zv‡j bv| g„Yvj †kv‡b, wKš‘ eyw×gvb g„YvjI GKevi cÖkœ K‡i bv, †Kgb cv‡Îi Kv‡Q
we‡q n‡”Q| we›`yi g‡Zv AvwkªZ Amnvq Kv‡jv cvÎx‡K bv †`‡LB †h cvÎ we‡q Ki‡Z ivwR †mB cvÎLvbv †K ?
g„Yvj ¯^vgx‡K ev we›`yi w`w`‡K e‡j bv cv‡Îi †LuvR wb‡Z| eis we›`yB e‡j, Ôei hw` fv‡jv nq Avgvi Kx Av‡Q †h
Avgv‡K Zvi cQ›` n‡e ?Õ eyw×gvb g„Yvjmn cwiev‡ii mK‡jB we‡qi ci Rvb‡jv cvÎ e× cvMj| cvMj Db¥v`
†Q‡j‡K we‡q Kwi‡q GKwU †g‡qi Rxeb bó Kivi Av‡qvR‡b AvcwË Rvwb‡q e¨_© cv‡Îi evev evwo †Q‡o Kvwk P‡j
†M‡Q| cv‡Îi gv we›`yi kvïwo‡K †m Ôh‡gi g‡Zv fq K‡i|Õ

5
¯¿xi cÎ M‡í eyw×gvb g„Yvj GKvwaKevi e‡ovRvÕi Kzkªx iƒ‡ci Ges Zvi evevi Avw_©K ˆ`b¨Zvi †LuvUv †`q|
g„Yv‡ji wb‡Ri `vwe Zvi eyw× ¯^vfvweK mnRvZ n‡jI GB msmv‡ii c‡¶ GKUz †ewk ; †Mvc‡b g„Yvj KweZvI
wjLZ, ZeyI Zvi ms‡e`bkxj gb Awkw¶Z Kzkªx e‡ov Rv †h Ôwe›`yi eqm †_‡K `y-Pvi‡U A¼ ev` w`‡Z †PóvÕ KiZ
eq‡m we›`y‡K GKUz †QvU †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ †mB wel‡qI †LuvPv w`‡Z AvUKv‡jv bv ! weËnxb evevi iƒcnxb †g‡q e‡ov
RvÕi AmnvqZ¡ Aby‡gq, msmv‡ii Ab¨ `kRb mvaviYR‡bi g‡Zv K‡i e‡ov wb`©qfv‡e g„YvjI e‡j, ÔAvgv‡`i
e‡ov Rv‡qi ev‡ci es‡k Kzj Qvov Avi e‡ov wKQy wQj bv, iƒcI bv, UvKvI bv| Avgvi k¦ï‡ii nv‡Z cv‡q a‡i
†Kgb K‡i †Zvgv‡`i N‡i Zuvi weevn nj †m †Zv mg¯—B Rvb|Õ †m †Zv Rvb‡eB| eyw×gvb g„Yvj gv‡qi Kv‡Q
gvgvevwoi Mí Ki‡Q| G‡nb e‡ov Rv msmv‡ii mvaviY wbq‡g g„Yv‡ji Zzjbvq D‡cw¶Z, Zvi m¤§v‡bi RvqMv bvB
ej‡jB P‡j| hw`I ¸‡Y, Kv‡R, `vwqZ¡cvj‡b, e¨env‡i e‡ov RvÕi †Kv‡b ΓwU bvB, g„Yvj wK e‡ov RvÕi c‡¶ GB
BwZevPKZv ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡Z cviZ bv ! eis c‡Î g„Yvj e‡ov RvÕ‡K cÖwZc‡¶i g‡Zv we‡ePbv K‡i cÖvqB `qvnxb
n‡q I‡V|

msmv‡ii c‡¶ †ewk, mnRvZ eyw×i Lei g„Yv‡ji wb‡Ri †NvlYv Qvov Avi †Kv_vq wg‡j ! iex›`ªbv_ hZUv AbyMÖn
Ki‡eb Zvi †ewk eyw× g„Yv‡ji _vK‡eB †Kb ! weavZv Ges cªK…wZi †`vnvB w`‡q iex›`ªbv_ †g‡q‡`i eyw×i †KvUv
wba©viY K‡i †d‡jwQ‡jb, †m Lei g„Yvj Rv‡b bv| g„Yvj eyw× eyw× e‡j hZB Me© Ki“K, AvPi‡Y Zvi cÖKvk bvB|
weavZv Ges cÖK…wZi ÔLaw of compensationÕ m¤ú‡K© iex›`ªbv_ Rvb‡Zb, †mB wbq‡g †g‡qiv eywׇZ Lv‡Uv
_vK‡eB| cyi“‡li †P‡q †ewk †Zv bqB mgK¶I n‡Z cvi‡e bv| ÔweavZv Ggb Ab¨vqÕ KL‡bv K‡ibwb †h †g‡qiv
eywׇZ mgK¶ ev AMÖeZ©x n‡Z cv‡i| wZwb e‡jb, ÔmKj wel‡qB cÖK…wZ‡Z GKUv Law of compensation
A_©vr ¶wZc~i‡Yi wbqg Av‡Q| kvixwiK wel‡q Avgiv †hgb ewj †kªô, †g‡qiv †ZgbB iƒ‡c †kªô ; Aš—tKi‡Yi
wel‡q Avgiv †hgb eywׇZ †kªô, †g‡qiv †ZgbB ü`‡q †kªô, ...|Õ (igvevB‡qi e³„Zv Dcj‡¶ cÎ wbeÜ, cwiwkó,
mgvR, iex›`ª-iPbvejx)| ej kw³‡Z †kªô e‡jB cyi“l †kªô, †g‡qiv e‡j †kªô bq, e‡j-eywׇZI bq| iex›`ªbv_
cÖvq weÁvbxi g‡Zv Rvbvq, ÔAvmj K_v cÖwZfv GKUv kw³ Energy, Zv‡Z A‡bK ej Avek¨K, Zv‡Z kixi ¶q
K‡i| ZvB †g‡q‡`i GKiKg MÖnYkw³ aviYvkw³ Av‡Q, wKš‘ m„Rbkw³i ej †bB| ... †g‡q‡`i GKiKg PUcU
eyw× Av‡Q, wKš‘ mvaviYZ cyi“l‡`i g‡Zv ewjô eyw× †bB|Õ(H) hw` ej kw³B †kªô‡Z¡i wbqvgK nq Z‡e ej
kw³‡Z Rjnw¯— iex›`ªbv_ ev Zuvi cyi“‡li †P‡q †kªô, nvwZ †Nvov Mi“ gwnlI †kªô !

†g‡q‡`i GKiKg PUc‡U eyw×i K_v iex›`ªbv_ †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb, g„YvjI e‡ov‡Rvi PUc‡U eyw×i AwaKvix, GRb¨
Zv‡K Ô†g‡q-R¨vVvÕ e‡j Mvjg›` ïb‡Z n‡Zv| we›`yi eyw× †Zv bvB-B, iex›`ªbv‡_i g‡Zv ag©eyw×I bvB| bv n‡j
cvMj ¯^vgx n‡jB wK Ni †Q‡o P‡j Avm‡Z n‡e ? AaxbZv GgbwK cvke ¯^vgxi AaxbZv‡KI ag© e‡j MÖnY Ki‡Z
n‡e| iex›`ªbv_ e‡jb, AaxbZv‡K Ôhw` ag© g‡b Kwi Zvn‡j AaxbZvi g‡a¨B Avgiv ¯^vaxbZv jvf Kwi| Avwg
`vmZ¡ g‡b K‡i hw` KviI AbyMvgx nB Zvn‡jB Avwg ev¯—weK Aaxb ; Avi Avwg ag© g‡b K‡i hw` KviI AbyMvgx
nB Zvn‡j Avwg ¯^vaxb| mvaŸx ¯¿xi cÖwZ hw` †Kv‡bv ¯^vgx cvke e¨envi K‡i, Z‡e †m e¨env‡ii Øviv ¯¿xi A‡avMwZ
nq bv, eis gnZ¡B ev‡o|Õ(&&H) cvMj ¯^vgxi Aaxb bv †_‡K we›`yi ¯¿xag© Pz¨Z n‡q‡Q, cwiYwZ‡Z Zv‡K kvwo‡Z
Av¸b jvwM‡q cy‡o gi‡Z nq| iex›`ªbv‡_i GB a‡g©i K_v we›`yi kvïwo, w`w` Rv‡b, e‡j Ôg›` ¯^vgxi `„óvš—

6
msmv‡i `yj©f bq| Zv‡`i m‡½ Zzjbv Ki‡j Zvi †Q‡j †h †mvbvi Puv`|Õ e‡ov Rv we›`yi w`w` e‡j ÔZv cvMj †nvK,
QvMj †nvK ¯^vgx †Zv e‡U|Õ

†g‡q‡`i c‡¶i Mí e‡j cwiwPZ Ô¯¿xi cÎÕ-†Z †`Lv hvq msmv‡ii KZ©v cyi“l¸‡jvB ¸‡Y wPš—vq gvbweK AvPi‡YI
bvqK| k¦ïi, fvmyi, ¯^vgx, fvB hw` gvbweKB Z‡e g„Yv‡ji Kó †Kv_vq ? ïay `qvnxb †g‡qgvbylB msmv‡i wf‡jb
PwiÎ ! we›`yi k¦ïi cvMj †Q‡ji GB AgvbweK we‡qi †kl ch©š— wec‡¶ wQj| g„Yvj mv¶¨ w`‡”Q ¯^vgx-fvmy‡ii
†Zgb †`vl †bB †h weavZv‡K `vqx Ki‡e, Ô†Zvgvi Pwi‡Î Ggb †Kv‡bv †`vl †bB hv‡Z weavZv‡K g›` ej‡Z cvwi|
hw` ev †Zvgvi ¯^fve †Zvgvi `v`vi g‡ZvB nZ Zvn‡jI nq‡Zv †gv‡Ui Dci Avgvi Ggwbfv‡eB w`b P‡j †hZ|Õ
GgbwK we›`yi †h cvMj ¯^vgx †mI we›`y‡K Kvg‡o †`qwb, Mvwj †`qwb, eis †Nv‡ii wfZi †f‡e‡Q Ôwe›`y ¯^qs ivbx
ivmgwY ; †envivUv wbðq †mvbvi _vjv Pzwi K‡i ivbx‡K Zvi wb‡Ri _vjvq fvZ †L‡Z w`‡q‡Q| GB Zvi ivM|Õ Ges
we›`yi ¯^vgxi GB cvMjvgxUzKzB iex›`ªbv_ †`wL‡q‡Qb| we›`yi fvmyiI †Zgb g›` bv, †QvUfvB‡qi eD evwo †_‡K
cvwj‡q G‡m‡Q| ivM n‡ZB cviZ, wKš‘ fvmyiRx ZZ g›` ivM †`Lvq bv| Z‡e we›`y †h‡Z bv PvB‡j cywj‡ki fq
†`wL‡q‡Q gvÎ| Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Acgvb bq| g„Yv‡ji fvB kir †mI Lye fv‡jv, cÖMwZev`x bvqK − ÔhZ iK‡gi
fjvwÈqvwi Kiv, †c−‡Mi cvovi Bu`yi gviv, `v‡gv`‡ii eb¨vq †QvUvÕ BZ¨vw` Kj¨vY K‡g© e¨¯—|

Ab¨w`‡K, we›`yi kvïwo Ôh‡gi g‡ZvÕ duvwK w`‡q cvMj †Q‡j‡K we‡q w`‡q‡Q| g„Yv‡ji e‡ov RvÕi A‡bK m¼xY©
g‡bi A‡bK Lei M‡í hÎZÎ i‡q‡Q, we›`yi eqm jyKvevi †Póv K‡i‡Q| cvMj ¯^vgxi Ni †_‡K we›`y cvwj‡q G‡jI
Zvi g‡b Ki“YviI D‡`ªK nq bv, eis e‡j, cvMj n‡jI ¯^vgx †Zv ! g„Yvj Avwe®‹vi K‡i, Ô†g‡qgvbyl‡K †g‡qgvbyl
`qv K‡i bv|Õ msmv‡i g„Yvj †g‡q‡`i Ici cyi“‡li AZ¨vPvi, `qvnxb AvPiY †`L‡Z †c‡q‡Q bv †g‡q‡`i wbôziZv
†`‡L‡Q †ewk !

Zvic‡iI, ms‡e`bkxj AvZ¥m¤§vb‡ev‡a m‡PZb g„Yvj GK`v msmvi †Q‡o P‡jB †h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ iex›`ªbvL †Zv
g„Yvj bv‡gi †Kv‡bv HwZnvwmK Pwi‡Îi mZ¨ BwZnvm wjL‡Qb bv, wjL‡Qb AvU©dg©-†QvUMí| Ni †Q‡o g„Yv‡ji
kªx‡¶‡Î RM`xk¦‡ii Kv‡Q Avkªq †bqvi Lei Rvbv †QvUM‡íi wk‡íi ¯^v‡_© Ri“wi bq| eis g„Yv‡ji Mš—‡e¨i Lei
Rvbv bv _vK‡jB g„Yvj Pwi‡Îi `ytL Ges M‡íi MfxiZv, ب_©Zv ˆZwi n‡Zv|

kªx‡¶‡Î g„Yv‡ji Mš—e¨ wba©viY nq‡Zv K‡i‡Q Kj¨vYKvgx, fveev`x, m‡PZb iex›`ªbv_, wkíx iex›`ªbv_ bb|