Project Id: 2021CSEPID04

Project Synopsis
on
GreenSweep: Intelligent Urban Waste Management
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

For the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In

Computer Science and Engineering

By
Ilyas Ali Balti (2102900100060)
Mohamad Qumail Kazmi (2102900100086)
Mohd Amaan Khan (2102900100087)

Under the Supervision

of
Mr. Satyendra Singh
Assistant Professor

ABES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GHAZIABAD

AFFILIATED TO
Dr A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, UTTAR
PRADESH
(ODD SEM, 2024-25)
 LIST OF CONTENTS

⦁ Abstract

⦁ Introduction

⦁ Initial Research/Literature Survey

⦁ Problem Statement

⦁ Proposed Methodology

⦁ Conclusion

⦁ References
 ABSTRACT

Urban waste management has been one of the major issues facing cities globally, particularly in dealing with
problems such as pollution, public health risks, and excessive municipal expenditure. The inefficiencies of these
aged-waste collection systems, including manual scheduling, inefficient routes, and the risk of bin overflows,
exacerbate problems and often lead to wastage of resources and increased carbon emissions. This project
addresses these problems critically by proposing and implementing innovative, IoT-enabled on-demand garbage
collection systems, utilizing cutting-edge technology for optimizing waste management processes. This solution
will be built around smart waste bins with advanced sensors that can pick up on waste levels at any time,
providing alerts in the nick of time and then possibly preventing overflow. These smart bins are combined with
a strong mobile application that provides users at the household level and even for businesses the ability to
manage their needs of waste disposal flexibly. The app is characterized by features like scheduling pickup,
real-time movement tracking of waste collection vehicles, status alerts related to bins, as well as making secure
payments with an integrated payment gateway. Such user-centric approach is likely to allow more control and
convenience for users, thus reducing inefficiencies and increasing user satisfaction.

The strength for the waste management authorities would be that this system is very optimized through
intelligent routing, which would save them on unnecessary collection trips that reduce fuel consumption. This
helps in lowering the cost of running the operations and diminishes the carbon footprint of waste collection
activities. For instance, through automated real-time monitoring of fill levels in bins and collections, overflows
can be averted and minimization of unnecessary waste collection trips will reduce the number. This would
minimize direct emissions from waste collection vehicles and contribute to international goals in sustainability.
Moreover, the state of optimizing available resources ensures all the activities of waste management are the
most cost-efficient and scalable, and thus act well as a suitable solution for a large metropolitan area as well as a
smaller city.

Ultimately, the IoT-based waste management system does not only streamline the entire process of urban waste
collection but also creates a cleaner and a more sustainable environment. As it cuts down on inefficiencies, fuel
consumption, and waste overflow, it makes the quality of life in cities better while assisting municipalities in
building more intelligent and resilient cities. In fact, it is a scalable and adaptable solution that can be dispersed
all over the world, providing an incredibly transformative approach to urban waste management and paving the
way to a greener future.
 Introduction

Modern urban settings are increasingly becoming a worry with waste management, as more dense population
and consumption patterns result in the large generation of waste. Traditional waste collection systems often fail
to cope with the increased amount and therefore fail to maintain a flow of proper garbage collection, the
overflooding of bins, and consequent environmental degradation. This can have severe hazards on health,
pollution, and living conditions. With the improvement in technology in nearly every area of our current lives, it
is shocking to realize that waste management processes are so slow in terms of innovation. This project would
come into the limelight of waste management revolution with the introduction of an on-demand garbage
collection system. That means smart is being introduced into a system that would offer flexibility, convenience,
and environmental benefits to users. The system will integrate the Internet of Things with modern mobile
application technology to solve such problems as timely waste collection, optimal routes for garbage trucks, and
responsible practices in waste disposal.

The on-demand garbage collection system will allow users to subscribe to the customized collection of waste
through a mobile application wherein one can request garbage pickup, schedule collections, and check the
real-time status of collection vehicles. And it would be unique in that it will accommodate both routine and
on-demand collections, which would offer households and businesses a need-based solution. The model further
allows subscription, meaning one pays for a service that applies to their lifestyle-whether daily, weekly, or even
sporadic collections. Then, the core of this solution lies in IoT technology, whereby smart bins are integrated
with sensors that monitor fill levels and types of wastes. Sensors ensure the system works efficiently by sending
notifications to the users and waste collectors on the cases of full or presence of hazardous wastes. Gone is the
common situation of overflowing garbage bins that are not only unsightly but also appear to worsen the hygiene
and sanitation issues. With data taken from the smart bins in real-time and in combination with some intelligent
routing algorithm, waste collection vehicles can be directed to optimized paths such as reducing fuel
consumption and operational costs.

In a city where wastes pile up faster than they are collected, the project would envision a future in which waste
management is applied not only to an efficient manner but also with environmental considerations. It promotes
sustainable means of handling wastes, reduces possible impacts on the environment, and provides better, cleaner
urban space. Technology is brought into the forefront of waste management through this project. It aims to set a
standard for cities to face the growing concern of waste collection and disposal.
 Initial Research/Literature Survey

Problem
Year Title Author Methodology Accuracy
Statement

IoT-based
85% im- prove- ment in data
Fan, X., Waste monitor- ing monitoring using LoRaWAN
trans- mission efficiency
IoT-Enabled Solid Srinivasan, challenges in urban areas. and Wi-Fi connectivity for
Waste Kurubari, A. centralized data man- agement.
2023 Management in
Smart Cities

IoT-enabled Limitations in Predictive analytics using

Smart Waste Smith, J., reactive waste collection historical data for proactive
et al. 30% re- duction in operational
Management: practices. collection planning.
costs
Leveraging the
2023 Power of IoT for
Sustainable
Solutions

Environ- mental impact of Review of

IoT-Enabled Smart Ahmed, S., traditional waste collection IoT-based waste management
Waste Choi, M. methods. devices (sensors, actuators) and 40% reduction in carbon emis-
Management their role in reducing emissions. sions
Systems for Smart
2023
Cities: A
Systematic Review

Variability Data-driven
Data-Driven Liu, Y., in waste generation optimization using AI to predict 25% im- prove- ment in route
Optimization in Zhang, K. affecting collec- tion and adapt to waste production efficiency
2022 Smart Waste routes. patterns.
Collection

Smith, A., Overview Literature review and analysis of

Smart City IoT: 15% im- prove- ment in IoT in-
Johnson, B., Lee, C. of IoT applications in IoT-based systems in urban
A Comprehensive tegration and system efficiency
2021 smart cities, including settings.
Review waste management.

TABLE I : Literature Review OF RESEARCH ON IOT-ENABLED WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste management is increasingly becoming a significant issue affecting almost the entire urban sector across
the globe currently and in the near future, especially if considered as part of the general acceleration in
population and urbanization growth. The subject has been under intense research and development since the
past decade, mainly focused on the application of technology for the improvement of existing systems. This
section revises literature and preliminary research focused on challenges involved in waste management, the
role of IoT in collection, and the impact of subscription-based models across different industries.

1. Waste Management Challenges

The old model of waste management relies heavily on the scheduled garbage collection service wherein the
trucks used to visit particular locations at certain days completely without considering the requirement. Many
studies have covered the inefficiency of such a system:

● Overflowing bins: Fixed collection schedules often lead to overflowing bins in high-traffic areas,
contributing to poor hygiene and environmental pollution.
 ● Wasted Resources: In low-density areas, bins often get collected when not full; this wastes fuel and
results in wasted man-power.
● Environmental Impact: Mass waste mismanagement leads to environment-related problems such as
greenhouse gases emission, water pollution, and air pollution of the environment due to the poor
management of waste materials.

Additional research is conducted to gauge the need to adopt adaptive waste management systems that could
respond dynamically to the actual demand for garbage collection. The reports indicate that the only way through
which the levels of waste can be monitored real-time is by adopting optimized routes in order to enhance
efficiency so as to minimize the harm caused to the environment.​

2. Role of IoT in Waste Management

This integration of Internet of Things (IoT) in waste management has been considered to be a game changer
because it offers real-time data collection and actionable insights on waste levels as well as disposal patterns.
The technological applications of IoT enable the use of:

● Smart Sensors: These sensors are placed in bins. They can report on the level of waste and monitor
environmental factors such as gas emissions or temperature for hazardous wastes, alerting authorities to
the danger.
● The Wireless Communication: With IoT-enabled bins, waste management authorities will have real-time
data regarding the necessitation of an empty bin. This data is computed to serve their clients with
optimized collection schedules, cutting down on fuel consumption and overall operational costs.
● Route Optimization: With real-time data from IoT devices, algorithms can calculate the routes most
optimal for collecting vehicles, thus significantly enhancing logistics while reducing carbon emissions ​.

On past researches, it was observed that some smart cities like Barcelona, Spain, and San Francisco, USA, have
already been installed with IoT-enabled waste management systems which resulted in decreasing the
inefficiencies and inadequacies in waste collections and generally improved cleanliness. It usually consists, to
name some, of GPS tracking of collection trucks, self-billing applications, and notifications in real-time for
citizens, more dynamic and responsive waste management system.

3. Subscription-Based Models in Waste Collection

The subscription model was first started in industries such as streaming services and electronic commerce.
However, this model has gained popularity where it is being applied for urban services. It has been found that
subscribers to garbage collection receive the following benefits:
 ● Customization: The users can subscribe to the services through various subscription plans suitable for
them, including daily, weekly, and on-demand collections.
● Cost-Efficiency: Under such subscription models, users are charged for only the services they need,
thereby reducing wasted costs by the old flat-rate systems.
● Customer Retention: Studies into consumer behavior suggest that subscription-based models promote
long-term engagement and retention by the customers because they perceive value in the service they
pay for.

In the context of waste management, subscription models combined with IoT technology can provide a flexible
and scalable solution that adapts to the dynamic needs of households and businesses.

4. Case Studies
Several cities have implemented innovative IoT-based waste management systems with notable success:

● Barcelona, Spain: Adopting an IoT-based waste management system where smart sensors deployed in
the bins informed the organization of the waste levels status. This has helped curb unrequired collection,
optimize routes, lead to a clean environment, and economy for the city.
● Songdo, South Korea: As a smart city, it utilizes a high-tech waste management system, with garbage
automatically sorted and sent through underground tubes to a waste processing center. This means
garbage trucks are less necessary, making waste management more efficient and ecologically friendly.
● In San Francisco, USA, a high waste diversion rate has been achieved by implementing smart waste
management systems such as IoT-based monitoring, data analysis for waste reduction, and awareness
campaigns in the public.

5. Gaps and Opportunities

Though IoT in waste collection has been a widely researched area, on-demand waste collection combined with
subscription plan is a relatively still under-explored area. Therefore, the possibility of designing an even more
user-centered solution that could now optimize waste collection, but this time around, provides elasticity and
customization for the client. Literature argues that:

● User-friendly mobile applications which could allow users to subscribe to specifically packaged waste
collection services.
● Real-time information processing, optimizing routes for collection according to customer demand.
● Environmentally friendly innovation in waste collection and reduce environmental impact.
● By developing a mobile app integrated with IoT technology, this project aims to bridge these gaps and
provide a scalable, eco-friendly solution for urban waste management.
 Problem Statement

Waste management in urban areas faces several challenges due to outdated and inefficient collection systems.
Key issues include:

● Overflowing Bins:
○ In most high-traffic areas, garbage spillages are evident because bins usually get filled up before
the scheduled collection, causing unsanitary conditions and environmental pollution.
○ Such conditions debase public spaces, lowering the quality of life and badly damaging urban
tourism and trade.
● Underutilized Resources:
○ In low-traffic areas, collection vehicles are dispatched when there is only partial filling of bins,
wasting fuel, labor, and time.
○ Such inefficiencies translate to increased municipal expenses and carbon emissions due to
redundant travel.
● Lack of Flexibility:
○ Current systems lack adaptability to the specific needs of households and businesses.
○ Users cannot control collection schedules or request on-demand services, causing inefficiencies
and dissatisfaction.
● Absence of Real-Time Monitoring:
○ There is no real-time information on bin fill levels for municipalities, which leads to ineffective
resource deployment and route planning decisions.
○ In the absence of predictive analytics, authorities cannot predict waste generation patterns or
prepare for surges in waste accumulation.
● Strain on Municipal Resources:
○ Poor distribution schedules and low resource utilization increase the operational costs of the
system, affecting its effectiveness.
○ Municipal staff are often saddled with reactionary measures, such as dealing with public
complaints against overflowing bins, rather than preventive strategies.

These issues collectively contribute to environmental hazards, poor public hygiene, and dissatisfaction among
urban populations.
 Proposed Methodology

The proposed methodology will undertake a structured approach to address the inefficiencies in the current
waste management systems and establish a user-centric, IoT-enabled on-demand garbage collection service. The
process of waste collection and disposal is optimized using IoT sensors, mobile application technology, and a
subscription-based service model.

1. System Architecture Overview

The proposed system comprises the following components:

● Smart waste bins equipped with IoT sensors will monitor the fill levels and type of waste.
● A mobile application for users to subscribe to collection services, request on-demand pickups, track
collection vehicles, and receive their reminders.
● A Backend Server and Database for managing user data, subscription plans, and waste collection data.
● Real-time monitoring and data analytics can be used to optimize the collection routes and track
performance of the system.
● Payment Gateway offers users to manage their subscriptions and payments securely.
2. IoT-Enabled Smart Bins
Each waste bin will be equipped with IoT sensors that can monitor:

● Fill Levels: Sensors such as ultrasonic sensors will measure how full the bin is.
● Waste Type Detection: The bins will identify the type of waste-through RFID tags or image recognition
sensors-thereby classifying it as wet, dry, or hazardous.
● Environmental Conditions: Sensors shall sense harmful gases or extreme temperatures in case of
hazardous waste.

The data collected by these sensors will be transmitted via Wi-Fi or GSM modules to the backend server for
further processing.

3. Mobile Application Development

A user-friendly mobile app will be developed to serve as the interface for both end users and waste collectors.
The app will have the following features:

● User Registration and Profile Management: Users can be registered with options to input their location
and details about their profiles.
● Available Subscription Plans: Users can select the type of subscription plan needed (daily, weekly,
monthly) while still having an option for on-demand garbage collection.
● On-Demand Request: The mobile app will enable users to provide a request for immediate collection at
any time that is outside of their scheduled pickup time.
● Notifications: The user will receive notifications when his or her bin is close to full and also when waste
collection is due or complete.
● Collection History and Analytics: Users can see the history of their waste disposal and receive insights
into their waste generation trends.
● Real-Time Tracking: They will have GPS-enabled tracking on the status of the waste collection vehicles;
this will give them information about when the collector is coming.

The app will also feature a waste collector dashboard, allowing collectors to view scheduled pickups, track bin
fill levels, and follow optimized routes.

4. Backend System and Database

The backend will handle the processing, storage, and analysis of all data flowing from the smart bins and the
mobile application. Key components include:
 ● API Development: The Backend APIs using Node.js/Express or Django/Flask will be developed to
interact between the mobile application, smart bin, and cloud storage.
● A NoSQL (MongoDB) or SQL (MySQL) database will store user data, subscription details, bin data (fill
levels, waste type), and collection requests.
● Real-time data processing - Sensing from the IoT sensors will process data in real time to update on bin
status, notify users, and optimize collection routes.
● Cloud Platform: Use of a cloud service such as AWS IoT or Google Cloud IoT to secure data and scale
according to the growth of the system.

5. Real-Time Monitoring and Route Optimization

To ensure efficient waste collection, real-time data from smart bins will be analyzed and used for:

● Collection Scheduling: Waste collectors will be informed about when the bins are at or near their
capacity. This will trigger automatical updates for collection requests.
● Route Optimization: Based on algorithms and real-time data, the system will help produce the most
efficient routes for waste collection considering bin fill levels and location. Google Maps API will be
integrated to allow route planning.
● Efficiency Metrics Tracking: The system will generate reports on the efficiency of routes, with metrics
such as average collection time per bin, total fuel savings, and emissions reductions.

6. Payment Gateway Integration

To support the subscription-based model, a payment gateway will be integrated into the mobile application.
Users will be able to:

● Pay for subscriptions: Monthly, quarterly, or yearly payment of regular waste collection services.
● Pay for On-demand Services: Instant payments for one-time collection requests.
● Secure Transactions: Encryptions and secured payment protocols (SSL/TLS) will be used on platforms
like Razorpay, Paytm, or Stripe to make transaction through them secure.

7. Notifications and Alerts

The system will use push notifications and SMS alerts for timely updates:

● User Notifications: Alerts for bin full status, collection reminders, or payment due dates.
● Collector Notifications: Alerts for new collection requests, route changes, or emergencies (such as
hazardous waste detection).
8. Data Analytics and Reporting
The system will collect data on waste generation patterns, fill times, and collection frequencies. This data will
be analyzed to:

● Generate Insights: Provide municipalities with reports on high-waste areas, peak collection times, and
types of waste generated.
● Improve Efficiency: Use historical data to predict future collection needs, reduce operational costs, and
enhance waste management practices.

9. Testing and Quality Assurance

The system will undergo thorough testing to ensure functionality and reliability:

● Unit Testing: The individual components such as IoT sensors, APIs and the mobile application will be
tested in isolation.
● Integration Testing: All system components are checked to ensure proper overall operation.
● Load Testing: Simulate heavy usage conditions to ensure scalability and performance.
● Security Testing: In testing, all data that passes between IoT sensors, mobile apps, and servers must be
encrypted in order to protect sensitive user data and maintain system integrity.
● Usability Testing: Test the user interface of the mobile app to ensure it is intuitive and easy to use by
waste management operators as well as end-users who report overflow or malfunction.

10. Deployment and Maintenance

Once the waste management system has been fully tested, it is deployed on the cloud-infrastructure
meant to scale, secure and combine. The Cloud setup manages real-time data from IoT-enabled
smart-bins that handle communication, storage, as well as analysis. The application will be available
on Google Play Store and Apple App Store enabling users to track bin status and get overflow alerts.
Before release, comply with app store guidelines, finalize compatibility tests, and optimize for App
Store Optimization.

After deployment, the system will be continuously updated regarding bug fixes, software
enhancement, and new added features based on feedback from users. Regular firmware updates for
the app and IoT devices may solve emerging issues and include enhanced performance, as well as
other functionalities such as advanced analytics. It will also be monitored to ensure data protection;
thus, carrying out regular security audits on the system with regard to reliability and efficiency in waste
management in a city.
 Conclusion

It would be a 'Technology-based on-demand subscription model', utilizing IoT for the system and charging the
customer through an affordable, subscription-based model. This will revolutionize urban waste management
practices toward greater efficiency and responsiveness in order to sustain the environment. Smart waste bins,
with real-time monitoring capabilities and optimized routes, will leapfrog the shortcomings found in
conventional schemes for waste collection-like inflexible timetables, nonoptimal routes, and pointless collection
trips. Users are able to opt between on-demand services or a customized subscription plan. This enables
individuals to structure solutions based on specific needs in waste disposal. It improves the fulfillment of users
while optimizing the resources and operations of waste collection services, which will ensure collected wastes
are collected when needed and economically.

The environmental benefits of this system are tremendous. This system would cut down fuel consumption,
reduce carbon emission, and lower traffic congestion while saving unnecessary collection trips and optimizing
routes toward making the urban environment cleaner and more sustainable. Real-time monitoring and data
analytics facilitate optimal operations in waste management for local governments. It would also encourage
responsible waste disposal among the residents since they would be posted of the status of the bins and
schedules of collection. In a general sense, the installation of this system ensures that urban waste management
can be transformed into a dynamic and adaptive service appropriately responding to the environment and public.
Smarter cities that integrate IoT with data analytics at their core spur the ideal scenario of waste collection. It
becomes a dynamic, continuously developing process instead of an ordinary routine task, with principles
developed according to real-time conditions and user needs. Improved public health outcomes derive from
efficient waste handling and reduced pollution in healthier urban spaces.

Being scaled and versatile, it can even be applied from one region to cities around the world as a global
challenge in waste management. The flexibility of expansion and adaptation to diverse urban environments
ensures that this system may be tailored to suit the distinct needs each city may have- developed or in
developing countries. In a nutshell, adopting this innovative waste management system paves the way to create
smarter, cleaner, and more sustainable urban spaces where waste is not a burden but a resource that is well
managed.
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