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Assignment 3

The document contains a detailed analysis of heat transfer in various heat exchangers, including calculations for heat transfer rates and log mean temperature differences. It presents three problems, with the first problem calculating the heat transfer to cold water and finding a log mean temperature difference of 0, the second problem determining the overall heat transfer coefficient of a counterflow heat exchanger, and the third problem calculating the required tube length for a parallel-flow heat exchanger. The results include a heat transfer coefficient of approximately 75,310.18 W/m² K and a required tube length of about 119.894 m.

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basharababneh630
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Assignment 3

The document contains a detailed analysis of heat transfer in various heat exchangers, including calculations for heat transfer rates and log mean temperature differences. It presents three problems, with the first problem calculating the heat transfer to cold water and finding a log mean temperature difference of 0, the second problem determining the overall heat transfer coefficient of a counterflow heat exchanger, and the third problem calculating the required tube length for a parallel-flow heat exchanger. The results include a heat transfer coefficient of approximately 75,310.18 W/m² K and a required tube length of about 119.894 m.

Uploaded by

basharababneh630
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Heat Transfer

Assignment 2

Problem 1:
To solve for the rate of heat transfer to the cold water and the log mean
temperature difference for the given double-pipe parallel-flow heat exchanger,
we can follow these steps:
1. Calculate the rate of heat transfer to the cold water.
2. Determine the log mean temperature difference.
Let's begin with step 1:
Step 1: Calculate the rate of heat transfer to the cold water.
The rate of heat transfer (Q) can be calculated using the formula:
𝑄 = 𝑚 ∗ 𝐶 ∗ (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
Where:
❖ 𝑚 = mass flow rate of the hot water
❖ 𝐶 = specific heat of the hot water
❖ 𝑇2 = Inlet temperature of cold water
❖ 𝑇1 = Outlet temperature of cold water
Given:
❖ 𝑚 = 1.4 kg/s (mass flow rate of the hot water)
❖ 𝐶 = 4.25 kJ/kg-K (specific heat of the hot water)
❖ 𝑇2 = 50°C (outlet temperature of cold water)
❖ 𝑇1 = 85°C (inlet temperature of cold water)
Substitute the given values into the formula to find Q.
Calculations:
𝑄 = 1.4 ∗ 4.25 ∗ (50 − 85) = −119𝑘𝐽/𝑠
Therefore, the rate of heat transfer to the cold water is −119 𝑘𝐽/𝑠.
Step 2: Determine the log mean temperature difference.
The log means temperature difference (𝛥𝑇𝑙𝑚 ) can be calculated using the
formula:
(𝑇1 − 𝑡2 ) − (𝑇2 − 𝑡1 )
𝛥𝑇𝑙𝑚 =
𝑇 − 𝑡2
𝑙𝑛 ( 1
𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
Where:
❖ 𝑇1 = Inlet temperature of the hot water
❖ 𝑡1 = Outlet temperature of the hot water
❖ 𝑇2 = Inlet temperature of the cold water
❖ 𝑡2 = Outlet temperature of the cold water
Given:
❖ 𝑇1 = 85°C (inlet temperature of hot water)
❖ 𝑡1 = 50°C (outlet temperature of hot water)
❖ 𝑇2 = 85°C (inlet temperature of cold water)
❖ 𝑡2 = 50°C (outlet temperature of cold water)
Substitute the given values into the formula to find 𝛥𝑇𝑙𝑚 .
Calculations:
(85 − 50) − (85 − 50) 35 − 35
𝛥𝑇𝑙𝑚 = =
85 − 50 ln (1)
𝑙𝑛 ( )
85 − 50

Therefore, the log mean temperature difference for this heat exchanger is 0.
In conclusion, the rate of heat transfer to the cold water is −119 𝑘𝐽/𝑠 , and the
log mean temperature difference for this heat exchanger is 0.
Problem 2:

To calculate the total heat transfer coefficient (𝑈) for the given double-tube
counterflow heat exchanger, we can use the following equation:
𝑄 = 𝑈 × 𝐴 × ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚
Where:
❖ 𝑄 = Heat transfer rate (in Watts)
❖ 𝑈 = Overall heat transfer coefficient (in W/m² K)
❖ 𝐴 = Surface area of the heat exchanger (in m²)
❖ ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 = Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (in °C)
First, let's calculate 𝑄 using the energy balance equation:
𝑄 = 𝑚ℎ × 𝐶𝑝,ℎ × (𝑇ℎ,𝑖 − 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 )

𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐 × 𝐶𝑝,𝑐 × (𝑇𝑐,𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖 )


Given:
❖ 𝑚ℎ = 720 𝑘𝑔/ℎ (mass flow rate of hydrocarbon)
❖ 𝐶𝑝,ℎ = 2.2 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 (specific heat capacity of hydrocarbon)
❖ 𝑇ℎ,𝑖 = 150°𝐶 (initial temperature of hydrocarbon)
❖ 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 = 40°𝐶 (final temperature of hydrocarbon)
❖ 𝑚𝑐 = 540 𝑘𝑔/ℎ (mass flow rate of water)
❖ 𝐶𝑝,𝑐 = 4.18 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 𝐾 (specific heat capacity of water)
❖ 𝑇𝑐,𝑖 = 10°𝐶 (initial temperature of water)
❖ 𝑻𝒄,𝒐 = ? (final temperature of water)
We need to find the final temperature of the water (𝑇𝑐,𝑜 ). Let's calculate it using
the energy balance equation:
𝑚ℎ × 𝐶𝑝,ℎ × (𝑇ℎ,𝑖 − 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 ) = 𝑚𝑐 × 𝐶𝑝,𝑐 × (𝑇𝑐,𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖 )

720 × 2.2 × (150 − 40) = 540 × 4.18 × (𝑇𝑐,𝑜 − 10)

720 × 2.2 × 110 = 540 × 4.18 × (𝑇𝑐,𝑜 − 10)

174240 = 2264.4 × (𝑇𝑐,𝑜 − 10)


174240
𝑇𝑐,𝑜 − 10 =
2264.4
𝑇𝑐,𝑜 − 10 ≈ 76.9
𝑇𝑐,𝑜 ≈ 86.9℃
Now, we have the temperatures needed to calculate the logarithmic mean
temperature difference (∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 ).
Next, we need to calculate the surface area (𝐴) of the inner tube. The surface
area of a cylindrical tube is given by:
𝐴=𝜋×𝐷×𝐿
Given:
❖ 𝐷 = 0.025 𝑚 (outer diameter of the inner tube)
❖ 𝐿 = 6.0 𝑚 (length of the inner tube)
𝐴 = 𝜋 × 0.025 × 6.0
𝐴 ≈ 0.471 𝑚2
Now, we can calculate ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 . Since it's a counterflow heat exchanger, we can
use the formula:
∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 =
∆𝑇
𝑙𝑛 ( 1 )
∆𝑇2
Where:
❖ ∆𝑇1 = 𝑇ℎ,𝑖 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑜 = Logarithmic temperature difference at the hot end
❖ ∆𝑇2 = 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖 = Logarithmic temperature difference at the cold end
❖ 𝑇ℎ,𝑖 = 150°𝐶
❖ 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 = 40°𝐶
❖ 𝑇𝑐,𝑖 = 10°𝐶
❖ 𝑇𝑐,𝑜 = 86.9°𝐶
∆𝑇1 = 150 − 86.9 = 63.1℃
∆𝑇2 = 40 − 10 = 30℃
63.1 − 30
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 =
63.1
𝑙𝑛 (
30 )
33.1
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 =
ln(2.103333)
33.1
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 =
0.7424
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 ≈ 44.62℃
Now, we can rearrange the heat transfer equation to solve for 𝑈:
𝑄
𝑈=
𝐴 × ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚
720 × 2.2 × 103
𝑈=
0.471 × 44.62
1,584,000
𝑈≈
21.014
So, the total heat transfer coefficient for the given double-tube counterflow heat
exchanger is approximately 75,310.18 W/𝑚2 K.
Problem 3:

To determine the tube length required to achieve the desired heating in the
parallel-flow double-sided heat exchanger, we can use the following equation
for the heat transfer rate:
𝑄 = 𝑈 × 𝐴 × ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚

Where:
❖ 𝑄 = Heat transfer rate (in Watts)
❖ 𝑈 = Overall heat transfer coefficient (in W/m²·K)
❖ 𝐴 = Surface area of the heat exchanger (in m²)
❖ ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 = Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (in °C)
First, let's calculate ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 using the given temperatures:
∆𝑇1 = 𝑇ℎ,𝑖 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑜
∆𝑇2 = 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖
Where:
❖ 𝑇ℎ,𝑖 = 140°𝐶 (initial temperature of geothermal water)
❖ 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 = ? (final temperature of geothermal water)
❖ 𝑇𝑐,𝑖 = 25°𝐶 (initial temperature of water)
❖ 𝑇𝑐,𝑜 = 60°𝐶 (final temperature of water)
We need to find 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 , the final temperature of geothermal water, to calculate
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 . We can use the energy balance equation:
𝑚ℎ × 𝐶𝑝,ℎ × (𝑇ℎ,𝑖 − 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 ) = 𝑚𝑐 × 𝐶𝑝,𝑐 × (𝑇𝑐,𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖 )

Given:
❖ 𝑚ℎ = 0.3 𝑘𝑔/𝑠 (mass flow rate of geothermal water)
❖ 𝐶𝑝,ℎ = 4310 𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 (specific heat capacity of geothermal water)
❖ 𝑚𝑐 = 0.2 𝑘𝑔/𝑠 (mass flow rate of water)
❖ 𝐶𝑝,𝑐 = 4180 𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 (specific heat capacity of water)
❖ 𝑇𝑐,𝑜 = 60°𝐶
❖ 𝑇𝑐,𝑖 = 25°𝐶
Let's calculate 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 :
0.3 × 4310 × (140 − 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 ) = 0.2 × 4180 × (60 − 25)

0.3 × 4310 × (140 − 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 ) = 0.2 × 4180 × 35

0.3 × 4310 × (140 − 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 ) = 29300


0.3 × 4310 × 140 − 0.3 × 4310 × 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 = 29300
387780 − 1293 × 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 = 29300
1293 × 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 = 387780 − 29300
1293 × 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 = 358480
358480
𝑇ℎ,𝑜 =
1293
𝑇ℎ,𝑜 ≈ 277.4℃
Now that we have 𝑇ℎ,𝑜 , we can calculate ∆𝑇1 and ∆𝑇2 ∶
∆𝑇1 = 140 − 60 = 80℃
∆𝑇2 = 277.4 − 25 = 252.4℃
Now, we can calculate ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 :
(80 − 252.4)
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 =
80
𝑙𝑛 ( )
252.4
−172.4
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 =
80
𝑙𝑛 ( )
252.4
Now, we can rearrange the heat transfer equation to solve for the required
surface area (𝐴) of the tube:
𝑄
𝐴=
𝑈 × ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚
Given:
• 𝑈 = 550 𝑊/𝑚2 ⋅ 𝐾 (overall heat transfer coefficient)
• 𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐 × 𝐶𝑝,𝑐 × (𝑇𝑐,𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖 )
Let's calculate 𝑄 :
𝑄 = 0.2 × 4180 × (60 − 25)
𝑄 = 0.2 × 4180 × 35
𝑄 = 0.2 × 146300
𝑄 = 29260 𝑊
Now, we can calculate 𝐴 :
29260
𝐴=
−172.4
550 × ( 80 )
ln ( )
252.4
29260
𝐴=
−172.4
( 80 )
ln ( )
252.4

𝐴 ≈ 3.0277 𝑚2
Given the diameter (𝐷) of the thin-walled inner tube is 0.008 𝑚 and the length
(𝐿) is the unknown we want to find, we can calculate the surface area (𝐴) of the
tube as:
𝐴=𝜋×𝐷×𝐿
3.0277 = 𝜋 × 0.008 × 𝐿
3.0277
𝐿=
𝜋 × 0.008
𝐿 ≈ 119.894 𝑚
So, the tube length required to achieve the desired heating is approximately
119.894 𝑚.

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