POWERSTORE 3.

0
ADMINISTRATION - FILE
PROVISIONING

PARTICIPANT GUIDE

PARTICIPANT GUIDE

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 PowerStore 3.0 Administration - File Provisioning

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Table of Contents

Configure NAS Services ............................................................................................ 2

File Storage Resources........................................................................................................ 3
NAS Services ....................................................................................................................... 5
NAS Services Installation ..................................................................................................... 6
NAS Server .......................................................................................................................... 8
PowerStore File Systems Overview ................................................................................... 10

Manage NAS Servers ............................................................................................... 11

Create NAS Servers—1 of 2 .............................................................................................. 12
Create NAS Servers—2 of 2 .............................................................................................. 16
Practice Creating NAS Server ............................................................................................ 20
Describe NAS High Availability .......................................................................................... 21
Practice Moving NAS Server .............................................................................................. 25

Manage SMB File Sharing ....................................................................................... 26

SMB File Sharing Overview ............................................................................................... 27
NAS Server Configuration .................................................................................................. 29
Provision File Systems for SMB File Sharing ..................................................................... 35
SMB Share Access ............................................................................................................ 45
Map SMB Shares to Windows Clients ................................................................................ 46
Configure User-Level Access ............................................................................................. 49
Activity: Work with SMB Shares ......................................................................................... 53
Work with SMB Shares ...................................................................................................... 54
SMB File Sharing Key Points ............................................................................................. 55

Manage NFS File Sharing ........................................................................................ 56

NFS File Sharing Overview ................................................................................................ 57
NAS Server Configuration .................................................................................................. 59
Provision File Systems for NFS File Sharing ...................................................................... 66
NFS Exports Access .......................................................................................................... 74
Configure NAS Client Access............................................................................................. 75

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 Activity: NFS File Sharing Configuration ............................................................................ 77
Practice NFS File Sharing Configuration ............................................................................ 78
NFS File Sharing Key Points .............................................................................................. 79

Manage File Systems ............................................................................................... 80

View and Change File System Properties .......................................................................... 81
Activity: Modify File System Storage Capacity ................................................................... 84
Practice: Modify File System Storage Capacity .................................................................. 85
File Level Retention Introduction ........................................................................................ 86
Configure and Verify FLR on a File System ....................................................................... 89
Create New File System with FLR Enabled........................................................................ 93
Enable Write Verification Using CLI ................................................................................... 96
Unmount SMB Share ......................................................................................................... 97
Stop NFS Export Access.................................................................................................... 99
Activity: Cancel File System Access................................................................................. 101
Remove File System Shares ............................................................................................ 102
Delete File System ........................................................................................................... 104
Practice: Remove and Delete File System and Parent NAS Server ................................. 106
File System Snapshots Overview ..................................................................................... 107
File System Snapshot Operations .................................................................................... 109
Activity: Work with File System Snapshots ....................................................................... 113
Practice: File System Snapshots...................................................................................... 114

Manage File System Quotas ................................................................................. 115

Enable File System Quotas .............................................................................................. 116
Add and Modify User Quota ............................................................................................. 119
Activity: Enable User and Tree Quotas ............................................................................ 121
Practice Configuring User Quotas .................................................................................... 122
Configure Tree Quota ...................................................................................................... 123
Activity: Configure Tree Quotas ....................................................................................... 125
Practice Creating and Testing Tree Quotas ..................................................................... 126
Practice Configuring a User Quota on a Tree Quota ........................................................ 127

Manage NDMP ........................................................................................................ 128

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 Configure NDMP Backups ............................................................................................... 129
Practice: Enable NDMP Support in PowerStore ............................................................... 132

Monitor NAS ........................................................................................................... 133

File System and NAS Server Capacity ............................................................................. 134
File System and NAS Server Performance ...................................................................... 136
Monitor PowerStore for Cybersecurity Threats ................................................................. 140
Create Event Publisher and Publishing Pool .................................................................... 142

Appendix ............................................................................................... 147

Glossary ................................................................................................ 165

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 Configure NAS Services

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Configure NAS Services

Configure NAS Services

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 Configure NAS Services

File Storage Resources

PowerStore systems provide file-level storage access over an IP network through

installed software-defined NAS. Windows clients have access to file-based storage
shared using the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. Linux and UNIX clients
can access file systems using the Network File System (NFS) protocol.

NAS Container

NAS Server

SMB
Share

File System FTP/SFTP

NFS
Export

File Storage

NAS server configuration

These configurable components that work together to provision file-level storage

include:
 A NAS Server is a virtual file server that provides the file resources on the IP
network, and to which NAS clients connect. The NAS server is configured with
IP interfaces and other settings that are used to export shared directories on
various file systems.

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 A File System is a manageable storage object for file-based storage with a

specific size and file access protocols. File systems are associated with one or
more shares for client access.
 SMB Shares and NFS Exports are exportable access points to file system
storage that NAS clients use.

PowerStore File also enables clients to access data over FTP and SFTP.

PowerStore File storage support includes:

 File system snapshots and thin clones
 Three-way NDMP backup of user data
 Kerberos authentication
 Virus protection
 CEPA

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 Configure NAS Services

NAS Services

There is no designated hardware for the file services in the PowerStore platform.
File storage is provided through deployed NAS services.

NAS services are only available on PowerStore T models deployed in the Unified
deployment mode. It is not supported on Block-optimized.
 NAS container is installed on both nodes of the primary appliance. Nodes are
active/active.
 In a multiappliance cluster, the NAS container always runs on the appliance that
it was installed on.

NAS operates in its own isolated networking namespace.

 PowerStore networking namespace is different from NAS networking
namespace.

NAS service is deployed as a Docker Container.

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Configure NAS Services

NAS Services Installation

Service Deployment

NAS services are only available on PowerStore T.

 Select Unified during the cluster deployment in the PowerStore T Initial
Configuration Wizard (ICW).
 File functionality is not available when Block-only is selected.

ICW triggers the deployment of NAS services after a successful PowerStore cluster
configuration.

The NAS services deployment process includes:

 Preinstall health check
 NAS Config generation
 Setting internal IP addresses for NAS cluster
 Creation and mapping of prerequisite volumes
 Installing Playbook, which enables tasks that an automation tool performs.
 Init storage adapter between PowerStore and NAS container
 Post Install health check

The NAS Install process takes approximately 15 minutes. At the end of a

successful deployment process, ICW shows the progress as 100% complete. With
PowerStoreOS 2.1 and earlier, NAS Services Installation is shown as a step. With
PowerStoreOS 3.0, the NAS installation runs in the background as part of the
configuration, and no status is displayed.

NAS installation logs can be found in /var/log/sdnas/sdnas_logs. If the

process fails, use service commands to verify the journal logs for NAS installation
entries.

With the File services successfully installed, you can create NAS servers and file
systems.

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 Configure NAS Services

Network Configuration

The NAS installation automatically creates a NAS cluster with an isolated network
using IPv6 addressing. The NAS cluster uses this network heartbeat for data
service failure detection.

In PowerStoreOS 2.1 and earlier versions, any internal clustering operation,

including NAS, requires an external switch.

PowerStore Manager ICM tab

The NAS cluster network configuration are displayed on the Settings page of the
PowerStore Manager:
1. Select Network IPs.
2. Select the ICM tab.
3. The page displays the IPv6 network address for the NAS cluster, NAS nodes,
and NAS Node Serviceability.

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Configure NAS Services

NAS Server

PowerStore Cluster Node

Core OS

NAS Container

NAS Server
SMB Protocol

SMB Share
Windows
File System
Interface

NFS Export

NFS Protocol

File Storage
Linux

NAS server configuration

NAS Server NAS Servers are logically independent software-defined file sharing
servers.
 Each NAS server is a separate virtual file server.
 Each NAS Server allows network access to PowerStore-hosted files and folders
via network file sharing protocols.
 Each NAS Server can be associated with one or more file systems.
 NAS supports the follwing protocols: SMB, NFSv3, NFSv4, FTP, and SFTP.
 Access can be provided to UNIX or Linux and Windows clients simultaneously.
 NAS Servers can be secured and isolated logically at the file system, network,
and authentication level.
 VLAN separation in NAS server context supports network multitenancy.
 Separate configurations with independent:

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 Network configuration (IP Interface, IP address, and VLAN)

 Sharing protocols
 Directory services (AD, NIS, or LDAP)
 NDMP backup configuration
 Virus scanning
 Kerberos authentication

Deep Dive: For a complete list of NAS Capabilities, see NAS

capabilities.

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PowerStore File Systems Overview

PowerStore file services support 64-bit architecture, which provides:

 Up to 256 TB usable capacity per file system
 Extend and shrink capabilities
 Capacity consumption that is limited by user and tree quotas

The PowerStore file

NAS Services
system is a manageable
storage object for file- NAS Server

based storage that is

Access protocols: SMB
associated with: Share
-SMB
File
-NFS
 A specific quantity of -FTP/SFTP

allocated storage NFS

Expor

capacity
File Storage
 File access protocols
configured on the
NAS server
 One or more shares
 SMB shares
 NFS exports Overview of file systems

 Protection Policy
(local protection with snapshots)
 Remote async replication

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 Manage NAS Servers

Manage NAS Servers

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Manage NAS Servers

Create NAS Servers—1 of 2

Add NAS Server

Before provisioning a file system, create a NAS Server. NAS servers are
automatically assigned on a round-robin basis across the available nodes. The
system determines in which appliance (running NAS services) the NAS server is
created.

There are two ways to create NAS servers in PowerStore Manager.

Add a NAS server with PowerStore Manager

Expand the Storage submenu:

 Click CREATE.
 Or select NAS Servers and click CREATE on the NAS Servers page.

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NAS Server Details

NAS server identification

NAS server Interface

NAS server Interface configuration

Providing a name and interface configuration to a NAS Server

Provide the NAS Server information on the Details step:

1. Enter the Name of the NAS Server, and optionally type a Description to
identify it.
2. Select the Network Interface from the drop-down.
a. Network Interfaces in PowerStoreOS 3.0 are not tied anymore to the system
LACP Bond. LACP can be created on other I/O modules that can be used as
Network interfaces for the NAS Server.
3. Enter the network configuration to be assigned to the NAS server interface:

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Sharing Protocols

Selecting a NAS protocol

Select which storage protocol that the NAS server supports for NAS clients access
to provisioned file storage.
 Select the protocol type:

 For Windows clients, select the SMB protocol.

 For UNIX and Linux clients, select NFSv3, or NFSv4, or both protocols.
 For multiprotocol access (UNIX or Linux and Windows clients
simultaneously), select SMB and at least one of the NFS protocols.

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Windows Server Settings

Configuring Windows server settings

If SMB is selected, the Windows Server Settings tab is available and displayed
on the next step.
 Select the Windows server type:

 When configuring a stand-alone NAS server, provide:

– The workgroup and NetBIOS name
– SMB server local administrator account
 If you are joining the NAS server to the Active Directory (AD), provide:
o The SMB Computer Name (used to access SMB shares)
o Windows Domain name
o Domain Username
o Domain Password
o An optional Organizational Unit (OU) by clicking Advanced

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Create NAS Servers—2 of 2

Tip: The UNIX Directory Services tab is only available if at least one
of the NFS protocols is being configured in the NAS server.

Enable DNS

For Active Directory services, DNS configuration is required. Add at least one DNS
server for the domain.

Configuring DNS for NAS server

Perform the following tasks at the DNS page:

1. Select TCP or UDP for the DNS transport protocol.
2. Enter the fully qualified Domain Name.
3. Enter the IP Address of the DNS server and click ADD to add the DNS server
IP address to the list of servers.

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User Mapping

The User Mapping page displays if you select SMB and join to the Active Directory
Domain. Keep the default, Enable automatic mapping for unmapped Windows
accounts/users, to support joining the active directory domain. Automatic mapping
is required when joining the active directory domain.

Configuring automatic user mapping

Protection Policy

If you have created a Protection Policy, you can select it here.

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Assigning a Protection Policy to a NAS Server

Summary

Review the NAS server configuration. Click BACK to make changes.

Summary of NAS server settings

The system assigns the NAS interface to the PowerStore Ethernet port
(BondEnclosure-bond0) that you selected.
 Click CREATE NAS SERVER to start the job. The job starts in the background.

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 Manage NAS Servers

In the example, a NAS server was created but is not yet configured with a sharing
protocol.

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Practice Creating NAS Server

The Online Course Contains an Interaction Here.

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 Manage NAS Servers

Describe NAS High Availability

NAS Cluster

NAS maintains its own cluster, which is independent from the PowerStore cluster.
Each NAS node runs in a NAS docker container.

In the example, the PowerStore system distributed three NAS servers with their file
systems (FS) across the NAS nodes.

PowerStore Appliance
Node A Node B

CoreOS CoreOS
NAS Container NAS Container

NAS Server 1

FS1

FS2

NAS Server 3 NAS Server 2

FS3 FS4 FS7

FS5 FS6 FS8 FS9

NAS Node NAS Node

Peer Network (IPv6)

NAS containers in a PowerStore appliance configuration

Each NAS Server is assigned a Preferred Node and a Current Node at the time of
the NAS server creation.

NAS Network Heartbeat enables data service high availability (HA), which results in
NAS server failover when a threshold is reached. The heartbeat is conducted at
fixed intervals of 1 second.

NAS HA provides:
 NAS fault tolerance

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 Load balancing at failover time or on demand

 Restarting all NAS nodes if there is catastrophic failure (all NAS nodes down).

One of the NAS nodes is elected as NAS Cluster Controller to orchestrate all the
NAS control path operations. NAS Storage Heartbeat is used to provide cluster
controller HA.

NAS Server Failover

If network heartbeat failed for more than five seconds, the node is considered as
failed and high availability (HA) is triggered. Five seconds represent three times the
send interval plus two seconds allowance for network fault tolerance response
time.

PowerStore Appliance
Node A Node B
Core OS Core OS
NAS Container NAS Container

NAS Server 1 NAS Server 1

FS 1 FS 1

FS 1 FS 2

NAS Server 2
FS 3

FS 4

NAS Node A NAS Node B

NAS Network Heartbeat

PowerStore NAS server failover

Operating on every node, the NAS server failover logic:

1. Detects the faulty NAS node.
2. Fences the faulty NAS node.
3. Moves the NAS servers to the backup NAS node.

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The steps complete within a 30 second interval without interrupting applications or

data availability. The primary and backup assignment is swapped with each failover
occurrence. During upgrades, the NAS server is moved automatically to the backup
NAS node.

In the example, the PowerStore system moves the NAS server 1 from faulty NAS
node A to the backup NAS node B.

Manual Failback

The NAS Service supports only manual failback of NAS server after node recovery.
On-demand manual load balancing of NAS servers between nodes is also
supported.

The NAS Servers page in PowerStore Manager displays the Current Node and
Preferred Node assignments for each NAS server.

Caution: Failover and Failback operations can potentially cause a

service disruption for SMB and NFSv4 protocols.

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From the NAS Servers page, perform the following steps to manually fail back a
NAS server to the preferred NAS node:
1. Select the NAS server from the list.
2. Select Move NAS Server from the MORE ACTIONS menu.
3. Verify the NAS server Source Node and Destination Node.
4. Click UPDATE to start the operation.

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 Manage NAS Servers

Practice Moving NAS Server

The Online Course Contains an Interaction Here.

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Manage SMB File Sharing

Manage SMB File Sharing

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SMB File Sharing Overview

NAS Services

SMB protocols:
SMB - SMB1
Share - SMB2
File System - SMB3-3.1.1

File Storage

SMB file sharing in a PowerStore T cluster involves:

 Configuring a NAS server with SMB protocol and DNS support
 Configuring a server type - Standalone or domain-joined
 Provisioning a file system on the configured NAS server
 Creating an SMB share of the provisioned file system

PowerStore supports these SMB versions:

 SMB1 - Disabled by default
 SMB2
 SMB3 and SMB3.1.1

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NAS servers that support multiprotocol file sharing or are joined to an Active
Directory (AD) must be configured with DNS support.

The SMB share is created and associated with the file system. The SMB share
represents a mountable access point through which Windows clients can access
file system resources.

Enable Active Directory (AD) to enable SMB shares in Windows environments to

use AD for authentication. SMB shares use Windows directory access for folder
permissions.

Unlike NFS clients, SMB clients do not need to be granted access to the SMB
share from the PowerStore interface.

Important: SMB1 is disabled by default for security reasons. Enable it

only for specific needs.

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 Manage SMB File Sharing

NAS Server Configuration

NAS Server Properties

To open the properties of a NAS server in PowerStore Manager, expand the

Storage submenu and select NAS Servers.

Click the name of the NAS server to show its properties. Settings that must be
configured for SMB sharing include:

 Enabling DNS services

 Enabling the SMB protocol
 Defining server type as stand-alone or domain-joined

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PowerStore Manager NAS Servers

DNS

For Directory Services, DNS configuration is required. To add at least one DNS
server, select NAMING SERVICES and the DNS option. Complete the form and
click APPLY to save the configuration.

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Provide the Domain name.

Add as many IP addresses as

required.

NAS Servers - DNS Configuration

Standalone Server

To enable support for Windows shares on the NAS server, open the SHARING
PROTOCOLS card, and select the SMB SERVER tab. Follow these steps to
configure the NAS server as a standalone SMB server:

1. Set Windows Shares to Enabled.

2. From the Windows Server Type drop-down list, select Standalone.
3. Enter the NetBios Name if different from the NAS server name. Optionally, type
a description to better describe the SMB use in the environment.
4. Type and retype a password for the Administrator account.

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NAS Server Sharing Protocols-Standalone Server

Domain-joined Server

To configure the NAS server as a domain-joined SMB server, open the SHARING
PROTOCOLS tab, select the SMB SERVER card, and follow these steps:

1. Set Windows Shares to Enabled.

2. Open the Windows Server Type drop-down list. Select Join the Active
Directory Domain.
3. Enter the NAS server name. Optionally you can type a description to better
describe the SMB server use in the environment.

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4. Enter the Windows Domain that the server must join.

5. Enter the credentials (name and password) of a user that has administrative
privileges to join the server to the domain.

Access to DNS and NTP services must be configured before joining the server to
the domain. Time skew1 must not exceed 5 minutes, or the process fails.

NAS Server Sharing Protocols-Domain-joined Server

1
Difference between the readings of the clock in PowerStore nodes and the
domain Active Directory server.

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User Mapping

In multiprotocol implementations (both SMB and NFS protocols enabled), an end-

to-end mapping from Windows Security ID (SID) to UNIX User ID (UID) and Group
ID (GID) is required.

User mapping requires that naming services are configured on the NAS server with
either Unix Directory Services or the upload of Local Files.

If the Windows Server Type is set to Join Active Directory Domain, you must
select Enable Automatic Mapping for unmapped Windows accounts/users.

NAS Server Sharing Protocols-User Mapping

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Provision File Systems for SMB File Sharing

Add File System

NAS servers catalog, organize, and optimize read and write operations to the
associated file systems.

There are two ways to provision file systems in PowerStore Manager:

1. Expand the Storage menu, and click the File System Add sign. This option
opens the File System Type menu shown on the next tab.
2. Or select File Systems and click CREATE on the File Systems page. This
option also opens the File System Type menu shown on the next tab.

The type of file system that you can create is determined by the file sharing
protocols that are enabled for the NAS server.

PowerStore Manager Storage > File Systems dropdown

Selecting File Systems displays the File Systems menu. Click CREATE to display
the File System Type menu:

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File Systems menu

File System Type

There are two types of file systems available in PowerStore.

 General file systems are appropriate for general use with either NFS or SMB
shares.
 VMware File Systems:

 Are optimized for VMware workloads.

 Are only available with NFS datastores.
 Enable an advanced setting on the File System Details step for Host I/O
Size. To maximize performance and minimize overhead, align the I/O size
with the I/O size of the application.
 Do not support quotas.
 Do not support File Level Retention (FLR). That step of the wizard is
skipped when VMware File System is the selected type.

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Create File System Wizard: Select File System type

Select NAS Server

Select a NAS server:

1. The table identifies which sharing protocols are enabled in each NAS server. To
support the access of Windows clients, select a NAS server with the SMB
protocol enabled.
2. Optionally choose from the following Advanced SMB Settings:

 Sync Writes Enabled2

2
Setting is required when using SMB shares to store and access database files.
The storage system performs immediate synchronous writes and reduces the
chances of data loss or file corruption in various failure scenarios. The option can

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 Oplocks Enabled3 (enabled by default)

 Notify on Write Enabled4
 Notify on Access Enabled5

have a big impact on performance, and should only be enabled if file storage is
used for database applications.
3
Allows SMB clients to buffer file data locally before sending to the system. SMB
clients can then work with files locally and periodically communicate changes to the
storage system. Enabling this option is recommended, unless your application
handles critical data or has specific requirements that make this mode or operation
unfeasible.
4
Enables applications to be notified using the Windows API when files are written.
5
Enables applications to be notified using the Windows API when files are
accessed.

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FS Details

Enter the file system details in the next step of the wizard:

1. Name: Enter a name for the file system.

2. Description: Enter an optional description that can help identify the file system
purpose.
3. Size: The quantity of storage subscribed for the file system. The minimum size
of a file system is 3 GB (1.5 GB is always allocated for metadata). The
maximum size of the file system is 256 TB.

File Level Retention

File-level Retention (FLR) prevents modification or deletion of locked files until a

specified date. If a General file system type is selected, file-level retention can be
selected. FLR protects file data from content changes that are made by SMB, NFS,
and FTP users, regardless of their administrative rights and privileges.

Retention period timing is set on an individual file during creation but can be
modified later. The configuration settings during provisioning just provide the
minimum, maximum, and default periods.

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Create File System wizard: File-Level Retention

SMB Share

Optionally, create an SMB share for the file system:

1. Name: The name provided for the share. The SMB share names must be
unique at the NAS server level per protocol.
a. The '$' sign at the end of the share name in the image prevents the share
being found in a share search on a network (essentially a hidden share).

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2. Description (Optional): Enter a description that can help identify how the SMB
share is used.
3. Offline Availability: Configure the client-side caching of offline files.
 None6 (default)
 Manual7
 Programs8
 Documents9
4. Advanced SMB Settings: Configure advanced settings that are supported for
the SMB protocol that the NAS client uses to access the share.

 Continuous Availability10 (SMB3)

 Protocol Encryption11 (SMB3)
 Access-based enumeration12

6
Client-side caching of offline files is not configured.
7
Files are cached and available offline only when caching is explicitly requested.
8
All programs and files that clients open from the share are automatically cached
and available offline. The option optimizes availability for performance and is
recommended for executable programs.
9
All files that clients open from the share are automatically cached and available
off-line. Clients open these files from the share they are connected to. This option
is recommended for files with shared work.
10
Allows persistent access to the share without loss of the session state. Enable
continuous availability for a share only when you want to use Microsoft Server
Message Block (SMB) 3.0 protocol clients with the specific share.
11
Encrypts data in-flight between clients and the system. SMB encryption is
supported by SMB 3.0 clients and above.
12
Restricts the display of files and folders based on the user’s access privileges.
Administrators can always list all files.

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 Branch Cache Enabled13

Each SMB share must have a unique local path. PowerStore automatically assigns
automatically assigns a path, based on the share name, to the initial share created
within a new file system. The local path name is based on the file system name.

PowerStore creates the SMB share paths based on the NAS server network
address (hostname or IP address), and the share name. NAS clients can access
the file system using the SMB share path.

Protection Policy

Optionally select a policy to protect the file system, or add a protection policy after
creating the file system:

A protection policy must be created before associating it with the file system. If the
selected policy contains both snapshot and replication rules, the replication rules
are ignored.

13
Allows users to access data stored on a remote NAS Server without traversing
the WAN. Copies content from the share and caches it at branch offices.

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Create File System wizard: Protection Policy

Summary

Review the file system configuration on the Summary page. Go BACK and make
changes, or conclude the operation.

UMASK is configured automatically on a per SMB share basis, and has a default
value of 022.

Click CREATE FILE SYSTEM to start the job. The job starts in the background,
and the GUI shows an update in the Actions icon.

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Create File System wizard: File Level Retention

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SMB Share Access

Cluster Primary Appliance

Node A Node B

CoreOS CoreOS

NAS Container NAS Container

NAS Server 1 NAS Server 2

FS1 FS3

FS2 FS4

Support Engineering
server1 server2

Interface Interface Sales

NAS Node NAS Node

Ethernet Ethernet

\\server2\engineering

Windows server \\server1\support \\server2\sales

Windows server

In a PowerStore unified storage configuration, file services are enabled on both nodes on the
primary appliance.

Windows clients can mount PowerStore SMB shares for file-based storage access.

In the example, there are two NAS servers. Each NAS server is sharing one file
system:
 FS1 has only one SMB share (Support) mapped to a Windows server.
 FS3 has two SMB shares (Engineering and Sales). Both are mapped to the
same Windows server.

Client access and user-level permissions are defined at the NAS client side.
Different users and user groups are granted access to the shared folders and
content.

The PowerStore active/active architecture enables file storage load balancing and
high availability.

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Map SMB Shares to Windows Clients

Windows CLI

To map the SMB share to the Windows client, use the operating system net use
command. Windows CLI command syntax:
net use [device]: \\[host_name]\[SMB share]
The SMB share path is the combination of the NAS server network name (host
name or address) and the SMB share name.
The use of the hostname is recommended. When mapping to the share, specify the
full Universal Naming Convention (UNC) path of the SMB share on a NAS server.

The example shows the mapping of the SMB share to the NAS client Win6 (ip
address 192.168.1.6).

The NAS server fully qualified domain name (FQDN) was used to map the SMB
share Top$ to the local drive X: on Win6.
Verify the mapped network drives using net use:

Next set the users and group permissions to its directories and files.

File Explorer

Mapping the SMB share to the NAS client can also be performed from the
Windows UI.

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Map SMB share to NAS Client in Windows

Open File Explorer, and follow these steps:

1. Right-click the Network section on the left pane tree.
2. Select the Map network drive... option.
3. Select the local drive.
4. Enter the SMB share path:
 The SMB share path consists of NAS server network address (hostname or
IP address) and the SMB share name.
 In the example, the hostname of the NAS server network interface is used in
the SMB share path.
5. Click Finish to save the configuration.
6. Enter credentials, verify the domain name and click OK.

In the example, the SMB share Top$ was mapped to the local drive Z: of NAS
client Win6 (192.168.1.6).

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Directory Structure

Creating the directory structure for the share

After mapping the SMB shares to the client, create the directory and file structure
for the share.

The SMB file system allows the creation of multiple shares with the same local
path.
 Client-side access controls for different users can be configured.
 Shares within the file system all access the same content.

In order to enable SMB shares within the same file system to access different
content:
 Create directories on the Windows drive that is mapped to the file system.
 Create corresponding shares using PowerStore.

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Configure User-Level Access

PowerStore Manager

Share name and related share path

Configure user-level access of different content within the same file system either
by using Access Control Lists (ACLs) or configuring different shares.

To create shares, launch the Create SMB Share wizard from the SMB SHARES
tab of the File Systems page.

In the SMB Share Details section of the wizard, the SMB share names are
associated with different local paths (mountpoints).

A directory must exist before shares can be created on it.

The SMB share path represents the combination of the NAS server network
address (hostname or IP address) and the share name.

In the example, the Hmarine_Sales SMB share provides access to the Sales
directory that was created in the file system.

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File Explorer

SMB share permissions

After mapping the SMB share to a local drive, you can set client-side access
controls by opening the properties of the local drive in File Explorer.

The Security tab of the properties window allows the configuration of the SMB
share access permissions.

The tab displays the users or groups who have been granted access to the share
and the enabled permissions.

Open the Advanced Security Settings to:

 Add new users or groups.
 Change permissions.
 Remove a user or group

In the example, the administrator user and the Westcoast Sales group were added
with full access control (read, write, list, execute). The Everyone group permissions
were changed.

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Microsoft Management Console

Microsoft Management Console and Create A Shared Folder Wizard

SMB shares may also be managed using the Microsoft Management Console
(MMC) from the NAS client. Once MMC is connected to the NAS server, expand
the shared folders and verify the PowerStore file system SMB shares and local
paths.

The New Share option launches the Create a Shared Folder wizard. The wizard
configures a share name, associates a local path, and sets user permissions.

The Shared Folders plug-in also provides support for setting share permissions.

 Share permissions are often used to set folder permissions on FAT32 file
systems and other systems that do not use NTFS.
 Share permissions and NTFS permissions can exist simultaneously. If both
types of permission exist on a single folder, the more restrictive permissions are
applied.

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A NAS MMC plug-in is also available to manage PowerStore SMB shares.

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Activity: Work with SMB Shares

Virtual labs for facilitated sessions:

 Create NAS Server with SMB Support.
 Create a file system with an SMB share.
 Create a lower-level SMB Share of a file system.
 Create an SMB share of a file system using
Windows MMC.

Simulation:
 Create NAS Server with SMB Support.
 Create a file system with an SMB share.
 Create a lower-level SMB Share of a file system.
 Create an SMB share of a file system using
Windows MMC.

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Work with SMB Shares

The online course contains an interaction here.

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SMB File Sharing Key Points

SMB file sharing involves:

 Configuring a stand-alone or domain-joined NAS server:
o Configure IP interfaces, SMB protocol, DNS, AD or LDAP directory service,
and User Mapping.
 Provisioning a file system on the configured NAS server.
o Apply a protection policy to the new file system.
 Creating an SMB share of the provisioned file system. SMB share represents a
mountable access point.
 Granting access of the SMB share to supported NAS clients.

o Use the Microsoft Active Directory for authentication. Use Windows directory
access for folder permissions.
o A shared file system can be mapped to the Windows system using File
Explorer or Windows CLI.
o Windows CLI net use command can be used to access shares. Syntax:
net use [device]: \\[hostname]\SMB share
o SMB shares may also be managed using the Microsoft Management
Console (MMC) from the NAS client.

Go to: The Configuring SMB Guide on the PowerStore Info Hub.

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Manage NFS File Sharing

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NFS File Sharing Overview

The web version of this content contains an interactive activity.

NFS file sharing in a PowerStore T cluster involves these operations:

1. Configure a NAS server with an NFS sharing protocol and naming services
(optional).
2. Provision a file system on the configured NAS server.
3. Create an NFS export of the provisioned file system. The NFS Export is a
mountable access point through which users or network clients can access file
system resources.
4. Grant NFS export access to supported NAS clients. The NAS client is a network
host, netgroup, or subnet that has access to the NFS export and can mount the
resource.

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NAS Services

NAS Server

File System
NFS Protocols:
-NFSv3
NFS
-NFSv4/v4.1
Expor
-Secure NFS

File Storage

Supported NFS protocols are NFSv3, NFSv4, NFSv4.1, and Secure NFS

Important: PowerStore T model supports NFSv3 and NFSv4. It also

supports secure NFS with Kerberos, for strong authentication. While
PowerStore T model supports most of the NFSv4 and v4.1
functionality described in the relevant RFCs, directory delegation
and pNFS are not supported.

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NAS Server Configuration

The web version of this content contains an interactive activity.

Enable NFS File Sharing

To enable NFS file sharing, configure a NAS server with:

 Naming services
 NFS sharing protocol

NAS Servers

To open the NAS server properties in PowerStore Manager, go to Storage > NAS
Servers.

PowerStore Manager Storage > NAS Servers option

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NAS Server Properties

Click the NAS server to show its properties. Settings that can be configured are
available on the NAMING SERVICES and SHARING PROTOCOLS tabs,
including:
 Enabling DNS services
 Configuring naming services with UNIX Directory Services (LDAP/NIS) or local
files
 Defining the supported NFS protocol versions

NAS Server details

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DNS

To add DNS servers, select NAMING SERVICES and the DNS option. Complete
the form and click APPLY to save the configuration.

Add as many IP addresses as

are required.

NAS Server Naming Services - DNS

NIS

To configure naming services with NIS, select NAMING SERVICES and the UDS
(UNIX Directory Services) option. Select NIS from the drop-down. Add the domain
and IP address and click APPLY to save the configuration.

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Add the network addresses of

the NIS servers.

NAS Server Naming Services - NIS

LDAP

To configure naming services with LDAP, select NAMING SERVICES and the UDS
(UNIX Directory Services) option. Select LDAP from the drop-down. Complete the
form and click APPLY to save the configuration.

Note: Enable either NIS or LDAP services. The LDAP configuration must adhere to
either the Active Directory, RFC 2307, RFC 2307bis, or iPlanet schemas. If not,
LDAP does not function properly.

Some things to know about this form:

1. By default, LDAP uses communication port 389 and LDAPS (LDAP over SSL)
uses port 636.
2. Type the Base DN (Distinguished Name) of the root of the LDAP directory tree.
For environments with an iPlanet or Open LDAP server, include the Profile DN.
 For example, the base DN for ldap.hmarine.test would be
dc=ldap,dc=hmarine,dc=test.
3. If using the simple authentication method, enter the user account in LDAP
notation format and type the password. For example,
cn=administrator,cn=user,dc=ldap,dc=hmarine,dc=test.

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4. Click RETRIEVE CURRENT SCHEMA to view and edit the ldap.conf file. All
containers that are specified in the file must reference a location that is valid
and exists in the LDAP configuration. To upload the updated configuration, click
UPLOAD NEW SCHEMA and select the edited file.
5. Define if the LDAP protocol must use SSL (LDAPS) for secure network
communication. If enabling LDAPS, upload a trust certificate.

NAS Server Naming Services - LDAP

Local Files

Local files can be used instead of, or in addition to, DNS, LDAP, and NIS directory
services. To configure naming services with local files, select NAMING SERVICES
and the LOCAL FILES option. Complete the form and click APPLY to save the
configuration.

1. Download the template using the icon next to the file type.
a. Passwd resolves usernames to User IDs.

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b. Group resolves group names to Group IDs.

c. Hosts resolves hostnames to IP addresses.
d. Netgroup resolves the members of a netgroup.
e. Homedir resolves users' home directory paths.
f. Ntxmap maps Windows and UNIX usernames to each other (multiprotocol).
2. Update the template with the UNIX/Linux system information and select
UPLOAD LOCAL FILES.
3. Upload it, selecting the proper file type.

If combined with other naming services (NIS or LDAP), the storage system queries
the uploaded local files first.

NAS Server Naming Services - Local Files

Sharing Protocols

To enable NFS support on the NAS server, select SHARING PROTOCOLS and
the NFS SERVER option. Complete the form and click APPLY to save the
configuration.

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Some things to know about this form:

1. If leveraging Kerberos authentication instead of individual clients, enable
Secure NFS.
a. Kerberos realm must be configured. If an AD-joined SMB server exists on
the NAS Server, that Kerberos realm can be used.
2. Enable or disable Extended Credentials. This option supports NFS credentials
with more than 16 groups.

NAS Server Sharing Protocols - NFS Server

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Provision File Systems for NFS File Sharing

The web version of this content contains an interactive activity.

NAS Server

With a NAS server running on the storage system, a file system can be
provisioned. The NAS server catalogs, organizes, and optimizes read and write
operations to the associated file systems. The file sharing protocols that are
enabled for the NAS server determine the types of file systems that you can create.

Add File System

There are two ways to provision file systems using the PowerStore Manager
interface:
1. From the Storage menu, click the File System Add icon to launch the Create
File System wizard.
2. Select File Systems and click CREATE on the File Systems page.

PowerStore Manager Storage > File Systems option

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File System Type

There are two types of file systems available in PowerStore.

 General file systems are appropriate for general use with either NFS or SMB
shares.
 VMware File Systems:

 Are optimized for VMware workloads.

 Are only available with NFS datastores.
 Enable an advanced setting on the File System Details step for Host I/O
Size. To maximize performance and minimize overhead, align the I/O size
with the I/O size of the application.
 Do not support quotas.
 Do not support File Level Retention (FLR). That step of the wizard is
skipped when VMware File System is the selected type.

Create File System Wizard: Select File System type

Select NAS Server

Associate the file system with a NAS server. The table identifies which sharing
protocols are enabled in each NAS server. To support the access of Linux, UNIX,
and ESXi hosts, select a NAS server with the NFS protocol enabled.

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The SMB Settings are grayed out because the selected NAS Server only supports
NFS.

Create File System Wizard: Select NAS Server

FS Details

Enter the file system details, including name, description, and size. The size
represents the quantity of storage that is subscribed for the file system. The
minimum is 3 GB, and the maximum is 256 TB. 1.5 GB per file system is always
allocated for metadata.

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Create File System wizard: File System Details

File Level Retention

File-level Retention (FLR) prevents modification or deletion of locked files until a

specified date. If a General file system type is selected, file-level retention can be
selected. Both types protect file data from content changes that are made by SMB,
NFS, and FTP users, regardless of their administrative rights and privileges.

Create File System wizard: File Level Retention

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NFS Export

Each NFS export must have a unique local path, which NAS clients use to access
the file system. PowerStore automatically assigns this path to the initial export
created within a new file system. The local path name is based on the file system
name.

Optionally create an NFS export for the file system during file system creation. The
NFS export name must be unique at the NAS server level per protocol. The NFS
export name is combined with the NAS server IP address to provide an NFS export
path for the file system.

Create File System wizard: NFS Export

Assign NAS Client

Enable NFS export access to NAS clients:

 Define the minimum access security:

 Sys: Allows clients with standard NFS security to connect.
 Available only if Secure NFS was configured in the NAS server:

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o Kerberos: The Kerberos mode (krb5) allows clients using any Kerberos
flavor to connect.
o Kerberos with Integrity: Allows clients that have Kerberos with data
integrity (krb5i) or encryption to connect.
o Kerberos with Encryption: Allows clients that have Kerberos with
encryption (krb5p) enabled to connect.
 Define the default access level for NAS clients (hosts) not in the export access
list. The access level options are:
 No Access: Access is denied to user or client.
 Read/Write: Users have read/write access to the export.
 Read-Only: Users have read-only access to the export.
 Read/Write, allow Root: Users have read/write access, and root has root
privileges on the export.
 Read-Only, allow Root: Users, including root have read-only access on the
export.
 Add a host to include NAS clients in the export access list. Add hosts using
hostnames, IP addresses, subnets, netgroups, or domains.

You can also assign NAS client access to an NFS export by selecting More
Actions and Import Hosts. The option provides instructions on how to create a
CSV file with a list of hosts network addresses and access types. The CSV file can
be imported to the storage system.

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Create File System wizard: Configure Access

Protection Policy

Optionally select a policy to protect the file system, or add a protection policy later.
If the selected policy contains both snapshot and replication rules, the replication
rules are ignored.

Create File System wizard: Protection Policy

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Summary

Review the file system configuration on the Summary page. You may click BACK
to edit, or CREATE FILE SYSTEM to continue.

Create File System wizard: Summary

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NFS Exports Access

The web version of this content contains an interactive activity.

Linux and UNIX clients can mount NFS exports for file-based storage access. NFS
exports can also be mounted as NFS datastores for VMware ESXi hosts. NAS
client access is defined by the NFS access control settings of the NFS export.

In the example, there are two NAS servers. The first NAS server is sharing one file
system and the second is sharing two file systems:
 The Engineering NFS export is mounted to the UNIX server.
 The Support NFS export is mounted to the Linux server.
 The Datastore NFS export is mounted to the ESXi host as an NFS datastore.

The PowerStore active/active architecture enables file storage load balancing and
high availability.

Cluster Primary Appliance

Node A Node B

CoreOS CoreOS

NAS Container NAS Container

NAS Server 1 NAS Server 2

FS1 FS3

FS2 FS4 FS5

192.168.3.106 Engineering 192.168.3.107 Datastore

Interface Interface Support

NAS Node NAS Node

Ethernet Ethernet

192.168.3.107:/datastore

192.168.3.106:/engineering 192.168.3.107:/support
UNIX server ESXi host Linux server

File services are enabled on both nodes of the primary appliance

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Configure NAS Client Access

The web version of this content contains an interactive activity.

Manage access of Linux, UNIX, and ESXi hosts to a file system on the NFS
Exports section of PowerStore Manager.

Select Storage > File Systems > NFS Exports. Follow these steps to configure
NAS client access to the NFS export:
1. Modify host access for the selected NFS export:
 Minimum security
 Default access level
 Access level of one of the existing NAS clients
 Add a host and configure its access level
 Import a list of hosts with defined access levels
2. The Import host list pane opens and displays a template of the file data
organization.

 Create the CSV file with hostname or IP address, and the access type.
 Then click IMPORT CSV FILE to upload the file. See an example of a CSV
file14.

14
"Name/Network Address","Access Type"
"192.168.1.101","READ_WRITE"
"192.168.1.102","READ_ONLY"
"192.168.1.103","READ_WRITE_ROOT"
"192.168.1.104","No_ACCESS"
"192.168.1.105","READ_WRITE"

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See the commands to connect Linux and UNIX clients to NFS exports.

See the vCenter procedure to connect ESXi host access to NFS exports.

File Systems > NFS EXPORTS > Host Access

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Activity: NFS File Sharing Configuration

Virtual lab for facilitated sessions:

 Create NAS Server with NFS Support.
 Create a File System with an NFS export.
 Create a lower-level NFS export of a file system.

Simulation:
 Create NAS Server with NFS Support.
 Create a File System with an NFS export.
 Create a lower-level NFS export of a file system.

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Practice NFS File Sharing Configuration

The web version of this content contains an interactive activity.

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NFS File Sharing Key Points

NFS file sharing in a PowerStore T cluster involves these operations:

 NFS file sharing in a PowerStore T cluster involves these operations:
 Configure a NAS server with an NFS sharing protocol and naming services.
 Provision a file system on the configured NAS server.
 Create an NFS export of the provisioned file system. The NFS Export is a
mountable access point through which users or network clients can access file
system resources.
 Grant NFS export access to supported NAS clients. The NAS client is a domain,
network host, netgroup, network, or subnet that has access to the NFS export
and can mount the resource.

Go To: For more information, see Configuring NFS on the

PowerStore Info Hub.

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Manage File Systems

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View and Change File System Properties

View File System Information

 From the Storage > File Systems in PowerStore Manager, view alerts, size
used, capacity, associated NAS server, and protection policies. Modify one file
system at a time.
 Click the name of the file system to view its details.
 Select the check box of the file system and then click MODIFY.

View the file systems

Modify from File Systems Overview

From the Storage > File Systems > select a file and select MODIFY.
 In the Properties pane, modify the Description or Size. A file system cannot
be renamed.
 Changing the size increases or decreases the file system capacity.
 For file systems shared using the SMB protocol, changes to advance settings,
such as Sync Writes, notification on writes are available.

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Modifying File System Properties

Modify from File System Details

From Storage > File Systems, select the file system name to view its details:
1. To modify the properties:

 Click the pencil icon to the right of the name, or:

 From the ACTIONS drop-down, select Properties. Change advanced
properties for SMB-shared file systems.
2. In the Properties pane, modify the description or size.

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View and change the properties of a file system from its details panel

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Activity: Modify File System Storage Capacity

Virtual lab for facilitated sessions:

 Extend the Capacity of a File System.
 Reduce the File System Capacity.

Simulations on the next page:

 Extend the Capacity of a File System.
 Reduce the File System Capacity.

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Practice: Modify File System Storage Capacity

The web version of this content contains an interactive activity.

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File Level Retention Introduction

File-level Retention (FLR) prevents modification or deletion of locked files until a

specified date.

 FLR protects files from modification or deletion through SMB, NFS, SFTP, or
FTP access.
 FLR is also known as Write Once, Read Many (WORM).
 Files within an FLR enabled file system have different states: Not Locked,
Locked, Append Only, and Expired.

Availability

 FLR is available on Unified PowerStore deployments starting with

PowerStoreOS 3.0.
 PowerStore system must be running PowerStore 3.0
 FLR is available for general file systems only.

 The feature is not supported on VMware file systems.

Create File System - Select Type

FLR Types

There are two different types of FLR:

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 FLR Enterprise (FLR-E)

 FLR-E protects file data that is locked from content changes that are made
by SMB, NFS, and FTP users, regardless of their administrative rights and
privileges.
 An appropriately authorized storage administrator can delete an FLR-E
enabled file system, even if it contains locked files.
 FLR Compliance (FLR-C)

 FLR-C protects file data that is locked from content changes that are made
by SMB, NFS, and FTP users, regardless of their administrative rights and
privileges.
 With FLR-C, storage administrators cannot delete file systems that contain
locked files.
 Dell Support cannot delete an FLR-C file system with locked files.
 FLR-C enabled file systems comply with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) rule 17a-4(f) for digital storage.
o Required by companies that must comply with federal regulations.
 FLR-C enabled file systems include a data integrity check for written files.

Considerations

FLR Interoperability
 Snapshots
 FLR-C does not support snapshot restoration.
o Restore snap operations are supported on FLR-E file systems.
 Snapshot refresh operations must be from same file system FLR type (FLR-
C or FLR-E).
 Replication
 If a replication source file system is FLR-E or FLR-C enabled, then the
replication destination file system must have the same file-level retention.
 Clones

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 If a file system is cloned, then

the cloned file system will be of the same FLR mode, which cannot be modifi
ed.

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Configure and Verify FLR on a File System

Managing FLR

Storage administrators can create and delete file systems that have FLR enabled.
They can also view and change FLR features.

The exact actions that can be performed vary, depending on whether the FLR
mode of a file system is off, FLR-E, or FLR-C.

 Create an FLR enabled file system.

 File-level retention can be enabled on a specified file system only at creation
time.
 The FLR mode (off, enterprise, or compliance) for a file system cannot be
changed.
 Delete an FLR enabled file system.
 FLR-C protects data content from changes that are made by administrators.
If there are still protected files in a file system, FLR-C prevents deletion of
that file system.
 FLR-E allows an administrator to delete an FLR-E file system which still
contains protected files after checking the confirmation.
 View and modify an FLR-enabled file system.

 FLR-related settings for a file system are displayed in the PowerStore

Manager.
 Certain FLR-related settings can be set or modified.

Setting File Retention Details

During file system creation, set the FLR type, and file retention period details.

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 Set minimum, default, and maximum

retention periods for a file system.
Retention periods are set during file
system creation and may be modified
later.
 Minimum - specifies the shortest
period for which files can be
locked.
 Default - used when a file is
locked and a retention period is not
specified.
 Maximum - specifies the longest
period for which files can be
locked.
 Modifying the minimum, maximum, or
default retention periods do not apply
to already locked files.

Auto-Lock and Auto-Delete

 FLR offers optional automation

settings: File Retention Period configuration panel

 Auto-Lock
 Auto-Delete
Autolock and Autodelete:
 Are disabled by default.
 Cannot be specified during file system creation.
 Can be modified at any time after file system creation.

To view or change the Autolock and Autodelete settings, go to Storage > File
Systems, and then click the file system. Then click the SECURITY & EVENTS tab,
and the FILE-LEVEL RETENTION subtab.

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User Operations - Automation

With Automatic File Locking, the system locks files automatically if they are not
modified within a specified time.

 When a file is automatically locked, it is locked for the default retention period.
 Files that are in append-only mode are also subject to automatic locking.
 The Policy Interval specifies how long to wait after files are modified before
they are automatically locked.

 Policy Interval is only available if Automatic File Locking is enabled.

 Policy Interval defaults to 1 hour.
o It can be set from 1 minute up to 365 days.
Automatic File Deletion

 Automatic File Deletion automatically deletes locked files after their retention
date has expired.

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 A weekly process that scans the file system to search for expired files.
 The first scan happens seven days after the feature is enabled.

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Create New File System with FLR Enabled

Enable FLR on a File System

Enabling a file system for FLR is only done during the creation of the file system in
the Create File System wizard. By default, FLR is set to Off. Select either
Enterprise to enable FLR-E, or select Compliance to enable FLR-C.

The example illustrates FLR-C being enabled for

the file system.

A notice is displayed indicating that once the file

system is created, FLR cannot be enabled,
disabled, or changed to another type.

If FLR-C is chosen, a warning is displayed

indicating that the file system cannot be deleted if it
contains locked files.

Write Verification Option for FLR-C

Image of Create File System FLR-C includes a write verification feature, as
wizard, File Level Retention panel
required by SEC Rule 17a-4(f).

The NAS Server FLRCompliance.writeverify parameter controls the data

integrity check. If this parameter is required for compliance reasons, it must be
enabled.

The default value for the FLRCompliance.writeverify parameter is 0. To

enable write verification, set the parameter to 1.

Write verification Description:

 When data is written, the storage system reads it again to ensure that the data
has not changed during the write process.
 If the data does not match, the comparison is retried twice.
 If there is still a mismatch, an error is reported.
 Files that are already locked do not have write verification, as they cannot be
written to.

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 Write verification may have a performance impact due to the read back
operation.
 Write verification functionality is not available for FLR-E.

Enabling Write Verification

To enable the write verification function, log in to the PowerStore service account
and use the svc_nas_tools command.

Check to see whether the FLRCompliance.writeverify parameter is enabled.

In this example, write verify is in the default state - disabled:

Current value of FLRCompliance is 0, which indicates that the write verify function
is disabled.

svc_nas_tools service command output that shows write verification function as disabled.

Enable write verification by Changing the value of the

FLRCompliance.writeverify parameter to 1, and then confirm that the
change has been completed:

Set the value writeverify to 1

Run the -info command again to verify the change

svc_nas_tools service commands to enable write verification and confirm that it is enabled

FLR-C Restrictions

 FLR-C prevents administrators from modifying or deleting protected files.

 Administrators can delete FLR-E file systems that contain locked files (a
warning is displayed).
 FLR-C and FLR-E systems with locked files can run a factory reset.

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o Factory reset deletes all files from the system, regardless of retention
status.
 With FLR-C, a file that has been locked with unlimited retention can never be
deleted.
 With FLR-E, a file that is locked with unlimited retention can be updated with a
specific retention date later.
 FLR-C does not support snapshot restores.
 FLR-E does support snapshot restores.

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Enable Write Verification Using CLI

To enable the write verification function, log in to the PowerStore service account
and use the svc_nas_tools command.

The web version of this content contains an interactive activity.

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Unmount SMB Share

There are two ways to unmount an SMB share from the Windows client:

Using File Explorer

1. Change the access to another folder out of the shared drive.

2. From the navigation tree on the left, right-click the drive that corresponds to
the mounted share.
3. Select Disconnect from the floating menu. The share is unmounted from the
drive.

Unmounting an SMB share using File Explorer

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Using CLI commands

1. From inside the share, change the access to a directory outside of the directory
tree.
2. Use the net use command to verify the status of the share and the drive it is
mounted to.
3. Run the command net use <drive:> /delete to unmount the SMB share.
4. Run the net use command again to verify that the drive is unmounted.

Unmounting an SMB share using CLI commands

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Stop NFS Export Access

Unmount NFS Export

To unmount the NFS export from the Linux or UNIX client, use the operating
system umount /<mountpoint> command.

To unmount the shared file system from the client, use the mount point that was
used to mount it.

In the example, the NFS export root that was mounted to the nfs folder was
unmounted from the Linux6 system.

Unmounting NFS using Linux command

Remove NAS Client Access

To remove the NAS client access to an existing NFS export, go to the File
Systems page and select the NFS EXPORTS tab:
1. Select the NFS export.
2. Select Host Access from the MORE ACTIONS menu. The Host Access slide-
out panel is launched.
3. Select the checkbox of the NAS client to remove.
4. Click DELETE. The system displays a message that the host was removed.
5. Click APPLY to commit the changes.

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Steps to remove linux6.hmarine.test access to the NFS export

For this example, NAS client access to an existing NFS export can be removed.
However, if the Default Access was set differently, it would leave default access.

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Activity: Cancel File System Access

Virtual lab for facilitated sessions: Cancel File

System Access

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Remove File System Shares

SMB Shares

To remove an SMB Share, go to Storage > File Systems > SMB SHARES tab:
1. Select the SMB share.
2. Click DELETE. The system displays a message.
3. Click DELETE again to commit the operation.

Steps to delete the SMB share

This example shows that the Hmarine_Eng SMB share is deleted from the
PowerStore cluster.

NFS Exports

To remove an NFS export, browse Storage > File Systems > NFS EXPORTS tab:
1. Select the NFS export.
2. Click DELETE. The system requests confirmtion.
3. Click DELETE again to commit the operation.

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Steps to delete the NFS export.

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Delete File System

Browse Storage > File Systems in PowerStore Manager:

1. Select the file system to be removed.
2. Select MORE ACTIONS > Delete. The system requests confirmation.
3. Click DELETE to commit the operation.

Delete a file system

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Confirm the delete action

Important: Delete all snapshots and un-assign the protection policy

before deleting the file system.

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Practice: Remove and Delete File System and Parent NAS

Server

The web version of this content contains an interactive activity.

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File System Snapshots Overview

Panel showing File snapshot access type

File System Snapshots Access Types:

 Protocol:
 Read only
 Default type created by a Snapshot Rule
 Accessed by creating an SMB share or NFS Export and choosing snapshot
- Access is provided through the parent NAS server
 Snapshot:

– Read Only
– Accessed through previous versions or .snapshot directory
Expiration:

File system snapshots can be set to not expire by choosing the No Automatic
Deletion option.

The Protection Policy has the following naming scheme to create the snapshots:
 Snapshot Rule: Name_Resource Name_Timestamp with nano-time

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Important: Editing the name or the access type of a file system

snapshot is not possible.

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File System Snapshot Operations

Schedule a Snapshot for a File System

Add a protection policy with a snapshot rule to a file system to schedule a snapshot
for that file system. Click here for steps to apply a protection policy to a file
system.

Assigning protection policy to a File system

Create a Manual Snapshot

From PowerStore Manager > Storage > File Systems > [File System] > Protection
Card > CREATE SNAPSHOT.

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Creating a snapshot

Restore File System from Snapshot

Restoring a file system from a snapshot returns that file system to the state that it
was in when the snapshot was taken.

To restore a file system from a snapshot:

1. Select Storage > File Systems > PROTECT > Restore from Snapshot.
2. In the slide-out panel, select the check box next to the snapshot for the restore.
3. Dell Technologies recommends taking a backup snapshot of the file system
being restored. The snapshot name is changeable and is s enabled by default.
4. Click RESTORE.

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Restoring File system from a snapshot

File System Snapshot Refresh

Refreshing a file system snapshot, the contents of the snapshot are overwritten
with the current contents of the file system.

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Refreshing a snapshot

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Activity: Work with File System Snapshots

Virtual lab for facilitated sessions:

 Take a Manual Snapshot of a File System.
 Access the File System Snapshot from NAS
Client.

Simulation on the next page: Work with File System

Snapshots.

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Practice: File System Snapshots

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Manage File System Quotas

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Enable File System Quotas

About File System Quotas

Use quotas to track and limit drive space consumption at the file system or
directory level. Enable or disable quotas on SMB, NFS, SFTP, and multiprotocol
file systems at any time. Configure them during non-peak hours to avoid impacting
file system operations. You cannot create quotas for read-only file systems.

There are three types of quotas available:

 User Quotas - Limit the amount of storage for an individual user.
 Tree Quotas - Limit the total amount of storage consumed on the directory.
 User Quotas on a Tree Quota - Limit the amount of storage that an individual
user can consume on the quota tree.

Select File System

To set default quotas on a file system, go to Storage > File Systems. Click the file
system.

File Systems

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Access User Quotas

Before configuring user and tree quotas, first enable quotas and create a default
quota policy. In the File System properties, go to the QUOTAS card. Click
PROPERTIES to set the default quota. Set the default from either the USER
QUOTA or TREE QUOTA tab.

File Systems QUOTAS card

Set Default User Quotas

To track space consumption without setting limits, set Soft Limit and Hard Limit to
0, which indicates no limit.

1. Using the toggle switch, enable Quotas.

2. Set a Grace Period for User Quotas by Days, Hours, or minutes. To prevent
the grace period from expiring, select Unlimited.
3. Under Default User Quotas, configure a Soft Limit in MB, GB, or TB units.
a. A Soft Limit can be passed temporarily. A warning is issued when the soft
limit is crossed.
b. Continue using space until the grace period is reached. After that, an out of
space condition is reached until user space consumption gets back under
the soft limit.
4. Configure a Hard Limit in MB, GB, or TB units.

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a. A Hard Limit is an absolute limit on storage usage. If a hard limit is reached

for a user quota, the user cannot write data to the file system or tree until
more space becomes available.

File System default quotas

Now that the quotas are enabled,

additional user and tree quotas can be
added.

File System with updated default quotas

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Add and Modify User Quota

Add User Quota

From the USER QUOTA tab, click ADD to add a user quota.

Add User Quota

The user quota is created.

File System with a user quota

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Modify User Quota

Modify a user quota from the USER QUOTA tab:

1. Select the user quota to modify.
2. Click MODIFY.
3. Make changes to the hard and soft limits.

Modify User Quota

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Activity: Enable User and Tree Quotas

Virtual lab for facilitated sessions:

 Enable User and Tree Quotas.
 Create a User Quota.
 Test the Defined Soft Limit in the User Quota
Policy.
 Test the Defined Hard Limit in the User Quota
Policy.

Simulation on the next page:

 Enable User and Tree Quotas.
 Create a User Quota.
 Test the Defined Soft Limit in the User Quota
Policy.
 Test the Defined Hard Limit in the User Quota
Policy.

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Practice Configuring User Quotas

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Configure Tree Quota

Important: If you change the limits for a tree quota, the changes take
effect immediately, without disrupting file system operations.

A Tree Quota limits the total amount of storage that is consumed on the directory
tree. Use tree quotas to:
 Set storage limits on a project basis. For example, establish tree quotas for a
project directory that has multiple users sharing and creating files in it.
 Track directory usage by setting the tree quota hard and soft limits to 0 (zero).

From the TREE QUOTA tab, click ADD to set a tree quota.
1. Optionally toggle the switch to Enforce User Quota on this tree quota.
2. Enter a valid Path for the directory to which this quota will apply.
3. Set a Grace Period as a specific period of time or as Unlimited. The Grace
Period applies to the Soft Limit.
4. Set Soft and Hard Limits.

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Add Tree Quota

The tree quota is created.

File System with a tree quota

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Activity: Configure Tree Quotas

Virtual lab for facilitated sessions:

 Configure a Tree Quota.
 Test the Tree Quota.
 Create a User Quota on a Tree Quota.
 Modify Tree Quota to Enforce User Quotas.
 Test User Quota on a Tree Quota Configuration

Simulations on the next two pages:

 Configure a Tree Quota.
 Test the Tree Quota.
 Create a User Quota on a Tree Quota.
 Modify Tree Quota to Enforce User Quotas.
 Test User Quota on a Tree Quota Configuration

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Practice Creating and Testing Tree Quotas

The web version of this content contains an interactive activity.

The online course contains an interaction here.

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Practice Configuring a User Quota on a Tree Quota

The online course contains an interaction here.

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Manage NDMP

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Configure NDMP Backups

Network Data Management Protocol (NDMP) is a backup and recovery protocol

that is used to transport data between NAS and backup systems. Once NDMP is
enabled, a third-party Data Management Application (DMA), such as Dell
NetWorker, can detect the PowerStore NDMP using the NAS Server IP address.

NDMP Backups

Data backup using NDMP

PowerStore supports:
 Three-way NDMP, which transfers both backup data and metadata over the
LAN
 Two-way NDMP is not supported.
 Both full and incremental backups

Components:
 Primary Storage is the source system to be backed up, for example,
PowerStore.
 Data Management Application (DMA) is a backup application that coordinates
the backup sessions. For example, Networker.
 Other supported backup vendors include: Avamar with ADS/DD, CommVault
with NDMP, IBM Spectrum Protect, Micro Focus Data Protector, Veritas
NetBackup, and Veritas Backup Exec.

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 See the PowerStore Simple Support Matrix for version information.

 Secondary Storage is the back-up target, for example, PowerProtect Data
Domain.

 Both data and metadata are transferred over LAN.

 Data is also transferred through the Backup Application.

 Backup Application and LAN are the bottleneck.

NDMP Configuration

Default username is ndmp.

NDMP configuration in PowerStore Manager

From the Storage > NAS Servers window in PowerStore Manager:

1. Open the NAS Server properties page. In this example, it is Nas Server 02.
2. Select the PROTECTION Policy card.
3. Switch to Enabled.
4. Set the NDMP password.
5. Click APPLY.

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Important: Enabling NDMP is performed after the NAS server is

created. Each NAS Server has its own unique NDMP password, but
the username is same.

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Practice: Enable NDMP Support in PowerStore

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Monitor NAS

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File System and NAS Server Capacity

View capacity and performance metrics for file systems and NAS servers in
PowerStore Manager.

File System Capacity

View metrics for file system capacity. Capacity metrics are collected every five
minutes and rolled over hourly and daily.

Select the last 24 hours, 1 month,

or two years

Free and Provisioned space on the selected

file system

Thin and Snapshot

savings

PowerStore Manager File Systems Capacity

NAS Server Capacity

NAS server capacity includes the sum of all its file systems. In the example, the
NAS server holds two file systems. Each of them is provisioned with 5 GB, in which
3.5 GB is free.

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Free and Provisioned space on the

selected NAS server

PowerStore Manager NAS Servers Capacity

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File System and NAS Server Performance

NAS Server

 NAS server performance metrics include all its file systems.

 Metrics are collected every 20 seconds and rolled over every five minutes,
hourly, and daily.

Customize the
metrics and
timeline

NAS Server performance

File System

Monitor individual file system performance by selecting a file system from the
Storage > File Systems tab. Select the PERFORMANCE card.

Customize the Category to display and Timeline. Optionally, download a chart as

a PNG, PDF, JPG, or CSV file.

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File System performance

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Appliance

Monitor appliance performance by selecting an appliance from the Hardware tab,

and then:
1. Select the PERFORMANCE card.
2. Select the FILE tab to show metrics specific to File storage.

Appliance performance, specific to File storage

NFS or SMB Metrics - Node

From the Appliance page, with the FILE tab selected, select a node and a protocol
to view protocol performance on that node.

Node-level metrics for NFS and SMB use 5-second granularity.

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Appliance performance, specific to NFS storage on node A

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Monitor PowerStore for Cybersecurity Threats

PowerStore uses the Common Event Publishing Agent (CEPA) to protect NAS
Servers and File Systems against cybersecurity threats.
 PowerStore uses CEPA to register to receive event notifications with context in
one message.
 CEPA runs on Windows or Linux.
 PowerStore sends event notifications from SMB and NFS to the event server.
 Event servers contain event configurations and send event notifications to event
pools.
 Third-party cybersecurity applications monitor events to identify patterns
indicating a ransomware attack.

Go to: For a complete list of supported third-party applications, see the

CEE CEPA Support Matrix on E-Lab Navigator.

PowerStore Node
CEPA Servers

NAS Server
Event
F 1
Event
Event Pool
Publisher
NAS Server

F 1

F 2

Event
Event Pool
Publisher
NAS Server

F 1

Event servers notify event publishers, which notify event pools of cybersecurity threats

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Deep Dive: The Dell Common Event Enabler (CEE) framework

provides a working environment for both Common AntiVirus Agent
(CAVA) and CEPA. See Using the Common Event Enabler on
Windows (or Linux) Platforms for more information about CEE, CAVA,
and CEPA.

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Create Event Publisher and Publishing Pool

An Events Publisher and a Publishing Pool are required. Once they are set up, they
are mapped to the NAS Server.

NAS Settings

Create an event publisher and an event pool on the NAS Servers > NAS
SETTINGS tab.

NAS Servers > NAS SETTINGS tab

Publishing Pool

1. Enter an Events Publisher Name.

2. Under PUBLISHING POOLS, click CREATE.
3. Enter a Pool Name.
4. Enter an address or FQDN for the Event Publishing (CEPA) Server, and click
ADD for each CEPA server.
5. Select the events to be monitored under Events Configuration.

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Create Events Publishing Pool wizard

Events Publisher

After the pool has been created, select it, and click NEXT to configure the events
publisher. Create more than one pool to customize how different NAS servers are
monitored.

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Create Events Publisher wizard

1. Select policies in case the PowerStore node cannot send events to the CEPA
server.
2. Set a different HTTP port or RPC, a different server account, heartbeat, and
timeout values.
3. Click CREATE EVENTS PUBLISHER.

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Create Events Publisher wizard

Map to NAS Server

1. From the NAS Servers page, select the SECURITY & EVENTS card.
2. Select the EVENTS PUBLISHING tab.
3. Select Enabled and choose the Events Publisher from the drop-down. Enable
SMB or NFS.
4. Click APPLY.

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Map a NAS server to an event server

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NAS Capabilities
File support is only available on PowerStore unified deployments and is configured
only on the PowerStore cluster primary appliance.

Description Value

Number of user-created file systems for File services or appliance 500

(systems, mounted snapshots, and thin clones combined)

Maximum number of NAS servers 50

Minimum file system size 3 GB

Maximum file system size 256 TB

Maximum number of SMB servers per system 50

Maximum number of NFS servers per system 50

Maximum number of Production network interfaces per NAS server 50

Maximum number of Backup network interfaces per NAS server 10

Maximum number of concurrent NDMP sessions per Node 20

SMB shares per file system 3000

Number of SMB shares per system 3000

Number of NFS exports per system 1500

SMB shares + NFS exports per system 4500

Maximum tree quotas per file system 8192

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File Level Retention Overview

There are two types of File Level Retention:
 With FLR Enterprise (FLR-E), an authorized storage administrator can delete
an FLR-E file system, even if it contains locked files.
 FLR Compliance (FLR-C) is more strict:

 Storage administrators cannot delete FLR-C file systems that contain locked
files.
 Dell Support cannot delete an FLR-C file system with locked files.
 FLR-C enabled file systems are compliant the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) rule 17a-4(f) for digital storage, which is required by
companies that must comply with federal regulations.
 FLR-C includes a data integrity check for files that are written to the file
system.
FLR Interoperability:
 Snapshots
 FLR-E supports snapshot restoration.
 FLR-C does not support snapshot restoration.
 Snapshot refresh operations must be from same file system FLR type, either
FLR-C or FLR-E.
 Replication
 If a replication source file system is FLR-E or FLR-C enabled, then the
replication destination file system must be the same type of file system.
 Clones

 If a file system is cloned, then

the cloned file system will be of the same FLR mode, which cannot be modifi
ed.
Files within an FLR-enabled file system have different states.

State Description

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Not All files start as not locked. A not locked file is an unprotected file that
Locked is treated as a regular file in a file system. In an FLR file system, the
state of an unprotected file can change to locked or remain as not
locked.

Locked Also known as Write Once, Read Many (WORM). Locked files cannot
be modified or deleted. The file remains locked until its retention
period expires. Files can be locked manually or may be automatically
locked by the system or FLR Toolkit. A locked file can have its
retention period extended, but not shortened.

Append Existing data cannot be modified or deleted in an append only file, but
Only data can be added to it. An example of an append only file is log files
that grow over time. The file can remain in the append-only state
forever, or locked later.

Expired An expired file was previously locked, but the retention date has
passed. An expired file can only be re-locked or deleted from the file
system; it cannot be changed to append-only unless it is empty. Data
in expired files cannot be modified.

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Connect Linux and UNIX Clients to NFS Export

To connect the NFS export to the Linux or UNIX client, use the operating system
mount command.

Linux command:

mount -t nfs <nas server ip address>:/<NFS export>

<directory>

When mounting the shared file system to the client, use the NFS export path. The
NFS export path is the combination of the NAS server network address and the
path to the target NFS export.

[root@linux6 /]# mkdir /nfs

[root@linux6 /]# mount -t nfs 192.168.3.106:/training /nfs
[root@linux6 /]# ls -l /nfs
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 8192 Dec 6 09:23 lost+found
[root@linux6 /]#

In the example, a folder called nfs was created in Linux6. The NFS export named
training (file system NFS_FS01) was mounted to this directory.

After mounting the NFS export to the host, set the share’s directory and file
structure. Then set the user and group permission to its directories and files.

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[root@linux6 nfs]# mkdir support

[root@linux6 nfs]# ls -la
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 8192 Dec 6 09:50 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 29 root root 4096 Dec 6 09:35 ..
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root bin 152 Dec 6 09:23 .etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 8192 Dec 6 09:23 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 152 Dec 6 09:50 support
[root@linux6 nfs]# chmod 775 support
[root@linux6 nfs]# chown swoo support
[root@linux6 nfs]# ls -la
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 8192 Dec 6 09:50 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 29 root root 4096 Dec 6 09:35 ..
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root bin 152 Dec 6 09:23 .etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 8192 Dec 6 09:23 lost+found
drwxrwxr-x 2 swoo root 152 Dec 6 09:50 support

In the example, a folder called support was created in the nfs directory. The folder
permission bits were modified and the ownership changed to user swoo.

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ESXi Host Access to NFS Export

Grant Access to ESXi Host

To grant access to an existing NFS export, go to the File Systems page and select
the NFS Exports tab:
1. Check the NFS export, and select Host Access from the More Actions menu.
The Host Access pane is launched.
2. Define the minimum access security: sys, Kerberos, Kerberos with Integrity,
and Kerberos with Encryption.
3. Define the access level for the NAS client (hosts) not in the export access list:
No access, read/write, read-only, read/write, allow root, and read-only,
allow root.
4. Click ADD HOST to include NAS clients in the export access list.
5. Set the ESXi host access level as read/write, allow root.
6. Enter the hostname or IP address of the NAS clients.
7. Click SAVE to commit the changes and APPLY to save the configuration.

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File Systems NFS Host Access

Create NFS Datastore

To create an NFS datastore from the provisioned PowerStore file system in the
vSphere environment, open a session to the vCenter server managing the ESXi
host. Launch the vSphere Web Client from a supported web browser using the
vCenter Server URL.

From the vSphere Web Client session, select the Datacenter under the Storage
section, and perform the following actions:
1. Expand the ACTIONS menu and select New Datastore... from the Storage
section. The New Datastore wizard launches.
2. On the New Datastore wizard, select the NFS datastore type. The NEXT button
advances to the next wizard steps.
3. On the second step of the wizard, select the NFS version that is supported on
the NAS server.
4. On the third step, enter the following information:

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 A name to easily identify the new datastore

 The NFS export
 The IP address of the NAS server interface
5. From the list of available ESXi hosts, select the one that has permission to
access the NFS export.
6. Review the datastore configuration and click FINISH to conclude the operation.
7. Select the Datastores tab from the top menu. Observe that the new NFS
datastore is listed.

Create an NFS Datastore

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FLR States

State Description

Not Locked All files start as not locked. A not locked file is an unprotected file
that is treated as a regular file in a file system. In an FLR file
system, the state of an unprotected file can change to Locked or
remain as not locked.

Locked Locked files are also known as WORM. They cannot be modified,
extended, or deleted. The file remains locked until its retention
period expires. Files can be locked manually or automatically by
the system or FLR Toolkit. A locked file can have its retention
period that is extended but not shortened.

Append Only Existing data cannot be modified or deleted in an append-only file,

but data can be added to it. A use case for an append-only file is
for log files that grow over time. The file can remain in the append-
only state forever, but the file can be locked later.

Expired An expired file is a file that was previously locked, but the
retention date has passed. An expired file can only be relocked or
deleted from the file system, it cannot be changed to append-only
(unless it is empty). Data in expired files cannot be modified.

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Assigning Protection Policies to Storage Resources

Storage Resources

A protection policy may be selected at the time the storage resource is created, or
associated with an existing storage resource later. Associating a protection policy
with a supported storage resource is not a requirement.

Only one protection policy may be applied to each supported storage resource:
 Standalone volume or a volume in a volume group (if the volume group has
no protection policy associated).

Volume Group

Protection Policy

Volume

Virtual Machine
(vVols)

File System Snapshot Rules

Replication Rule

Protection Policy

 A volume group, the policy is applied to all the member volumes.

 Member volumes that are removed from the protected group retain the
associated protection policy.
 To avoid any conflict with the volume group protection policy, new members
cannot have a policy that is associated with them.
 Virtual machines support only snapshot rules. The policy applies to the vVols
underlying the virtual machine.
 File systems support only snapshot rules and ignore the replication rules.

Protection policies can be applied to thin clones of volumes, volume groups, file
systems, and snapshots.

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Protection policy can be substituted with another configured policy at any time.
 Substitute the protection policy with one that has different snapshot rules.
 If the associated policy has no replication rule, you can associate the resource
with one that has.
 If swapping a policy with one that also has a replication rule, ensure both
policies use the same remote system. This restriction avoids an unnecessary
initial, full sync operation.

To associate a protection policy with an existing storage resource, go to the

Protection card on the Overview page for the storage resource.

Volumes

To assign a protection policy to a volume using the PowerStore user interface,

expand the Storage submenu, and select Volumes.

Add protection policy to volumes

1. From the Volumes page, select the volumes to protect. Select any individual
volume or volume group members that do not have a policy that is associated at
the group level.
2. Open the PROTECT menu and select the Assign Protection Policy option.

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3. From the list of existing policies, select the one that you want to associate with
the storage resource.
4. Click Apply to commit the changes.

In the example, the Policy1 policy is assigned to the volumes: Vol01 and Vol05.
One of the volumes (Vol01) is a member of the VolumeGroup-1 volume group.
The policy can be associated with this volume because the volume group has no
policy that is associated with it.

Volume Groups

To protect a volume group using the PowerStore user interface, expand the
Storage submenu, and select Volume Groups.

Add protection policy to a volume group

1. From the Volume Groups page, select the volume groups to protect.
2. Open the PROTECT menu and select the Assign Protection Policy option.
3. From the list of existing policies, select the one that you want to associate with
the volume group.
4. Click Apply to commit the changes. The policy is applied to all the member
volumes of the volume group.

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In the example, the Critical Applications policy is associated with volume group C2-
VG01. Two volumes that are members of this group are associated with the
protection policy.

File Systems

To protect a file system using the PowerStore user interface, expand the Storage
submenu, and select File Systems.

Add a protection policy to a file system

1. From the File Systems page, select the file system to protect.
2. Open the PROTECTION menu and select the Assign Protection Policy
option.
3. From the list of existing policies, select the one that you want to associate with
the file system.
4. Click Apply to commit the changes. The policy is applied to the file system.

For policies that include a replication rule, only the snapshot schedule is used.
Replication is not supported for the file systems.

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Virtual Machines

To protect a virtual machine using the PowerStore user interface, expand the
Compute submenu, and select Virtual Machines.

Add protection policy to a virtual machine

1. From the Virtual Machines page, select the virtual machine to protect.
2. Open the PROTECTION menu and select the Assign Protection Policy
option.
3. From the list of existing policies, select the one that you want to associate with
the virtual machine.
4. Click Apply to commit the changes. The policy protects the virtual machine, and
the underlying vVols.

For policies that include a replication rule, only the snapshot schedule is used.
Replication is not supported for virtual machines.

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Preserve the Order of Answer Options

By default, answers are randomized when a document is published. If the answers
available include 'All of the above' or 'None of the Above', you can preserve the
order of the answer choices.

To save the order of the answer choices as they are authored, do the following:

1. Select the Multi-choice element in the workspace.

2. In the BEHAVIORS panel, click the button to switch it to the "on" position (it
turns blue).

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Base DN
Sequence of relative distinguished names that are connected by commas, which
describe a fully qualified path to an entry. The distinguished name (DN) is the key
attribute (field) that identifies the object (record).

CEPA
A mechanism in which applications can register to receive event notification and
context from PowerStore systems. CEPA runs on Windows or Linux. CEPA
delivers to the application both event notification and associated context in one
message.

Current Node
The Current Node indicates the node that is assigned to run the NAS server. In
stable sate, the parameter indicates the node on which the NAS server is running.

Docker Container
A container executes functionality using kernel resource isolation features. Multiple
independent container applications can execute under a single operating system
instance.

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)

The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an application protocol for
querying and modifying directory services running on TCP/IP networks. LDAP
helps centralize the management of network authentication and authorization
operations. Integrating Unisphere users into an existing LDAP environment
provides a way to control management access based on established user and
group accounts within the LDAP directory.

NAS Network Heartbeat

Implemented using network heartbeat to provide fast NAS node failure detection for
data service failover.

NAS Storage Heartbeat

Uses cluster LUN shared storage for reading and writing heartbeats. The storage-
based heartbeat is also responsible for triggering new NAS node discovery.

Node Fencing

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Fencing is the isolation of a failed node so that it does not cause disruption to a
cluster.

Preferred Node
The Preferred Node indicates on the node that the NAS server should run.
Changing this parameter does not affect the Current Node assignment.

Primary Node
The node assigned to run the NAS server. In a stable state, it is the cluster node
the NAS server is running.

Profile DN
Profile DN specifies the entry with the configuration profile for the iPlanet or
OpenLDAP server.

Secure NFS
Enables secure data transmission by leveraging Kerberos instead of individual
clients for authentication. It can be used with NFSv3 or NFSv4 (preferred).

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

Security Sockets Layer or SSL encrypts data over the network and provides
message and server authentication.

UMASK
The UMASK is a bitmask that controls the default UNIX permissions for newly
created files and folders. This bitmask determines which permissions bits are
excluded upon creation.

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