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Survey_of_Programming_Languages_Detailed

The document outlines a course on programming languages, focusing on various paradigms, design concepts, and applications. It covers the definition of programming languages, their evolution, and criteria for evaluation, while emphasizing hands-on practice with different languages. Future trends in programming languages, such as emerging languages and the impact of AI, are also discussed.

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4 views

Survey_of_Programming_Languages_Detailed

The document outlines a course on programming languages, focusing on various paradigms, design concepts, and applications. It covers the definition of programming languages, their evolution, and criteria for evaluation, while emphasizing hands-on practice with different languages. Future trends in programming languages, such as emerging languages and the impact of AI, are also discussed.

Uploaded by

danbubu7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Survey of Programming Languages

Understanding Programming Paradigms, Design Concepts, and Applications

Dr. Benjamin Tei Partey

Objectives of the Course


 Explore different programming paradigms.
 Understand key language design principles.
 Compare languages based on use cases and performance.
 Gain hands-on experience with various programming languages.
 Analyze the evolution and future trends in programming languages.

What is a Programming Language?


 Definition: A formal set of instructions that a computer can execute.
 Purpose: To enable communication between humans and computers.
 Examples: Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, Haskell, Prolog.

Programming Paradigms
 Imperative Programming: Focuses on how to perform tasks (e.g., C, Python).
 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Models real-world objects (e.g., Java, C++).
 Functional Programming: Uses mathematical functions (e.g., Haskell, Lisp).
 Logic Programming: Uses rules and facts (e.g., Prolog).
 Scripting Languages: Lightweight and high-level (e.g., JavaScript, Ruby).

Language Design Concepts


 Syntax and Semantics:
 - Syntax: Structure of code.
 - Semantics: Meaning of the code.
 Memory Management:
 - Manual: (e.g., C)
 - Automatic: (e.g., Java's garbage collection)
 Compilation vs. Interpretation:
 - Compiled languages: (e.g., C)
 - Interpreted languages: (e.g., Python)
Comparative Analysis of Languages
 Factors to Compare:
 - Readability and simplicity
 - Performance and efficiency
 - Ecosystem and libraries
 - Community support
 Example:
 - Python: Easy syntax, slower execution.
 - C++: High performance, steeper learning curve.

History and Evolution


 Early Languages: FORTRAN, COBOL, and Lisp (1950s).
 Structured Programming: C, Pascal (1970s).
 Object-Oriented Revolution: C++, Java (1980s–1990s).
 Modern Trends: Python, JavaScript, Kotlin, Rust.

Concept of Programming Languages


 History of Programming Languages:
 - Evolution from machine-level to high-level languages.
 - Key milestones: Assembly, FORTRAN, C, Object-Oriented languages.
 Reasons for Studying Programming Languages:
 - Broader understanding of computation.
 - Better choice of tools for problem-solving.
 - Improved ability to learn new languages.

Application Domains
 Scientific computing: FORTRAN, MATLAB
 Business applications: COBOL
 Artificial intelligence: LISP, Prolog
 Web development: JavaScript, PHP

Criteria for Language Evaluation


 Readability
 Writability
 Reliability
 Cost of use
Future Trends
 Emerging Languages:
 - Rust: Memory safety
 - Go: Concurrency
 - Julia: Scientific computing
 Other Trends:
 - Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs)
 - Impact of AI and Machine Learning
 - Trends in Multicore and Parallel Computing

Hands-On Practice
 Write sample programs in different paradigms:
 - Imperative: Sorting in C
 - Functional: Recursion in VB.NET
 - Object-Oriented: Classes in Python
 Compare how different languages handle similar problems.

Summary
 Programming languages are tools for problem-solving.
 Each language has strengths, weaknesses, and ideal use cases.
 Understanding paradigms and design principles is crucial.
 Hands-on practice is the best way to master programming concepts.

References
 Books:
 - Concepts of Programming Languages by Robert W. Sebesta
 - Programming Language Pragmatics by Michael L. Scott
 Websites:
 - https://www.w3schools.com
 - https://www.geeksforgeeks.org

Questions and Discussion


 Open floor for questions.
 What are your favorite programming languages, and why?
 Discuss real-world scenarios for different paradigms.

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