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23ucc554 Adc

The laboratory report details an experiment focused on generating a Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) using a Linear Feedback Shift Register and implementing various line coding techniques, including RZ, NRZ, and Manchester. It includes the aim, apparatus used, procedure, observations, and conclusions drawn from the analysis of time-domain waveforms and spectral characteristics. The results highlight the trade-offs in bandwidth efficiency, spectral efficiency, and power for each coding scheme in digital communication systems.

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23ucc554
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8 views12 pages

23ucc554 Adc

The laboratory report details an experiment focused on generating a Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) using a Linear Feedback Shift Register and implementing various line coding techniques, including RZ, NRZ, and Manchester. It includes the aim, apparatus used, procedure, observations, and conclusions drawn from the analysis of time-domain waveforms and spectral characteristics. The results highlight the trade-offs in bandwidth efficiency, spectral efficiency, and power for each coding scheme in digital communication systems.

Uploaded by

23ucc554
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB

Laboratory report submitted for the partial fulfillment of


the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Communication and Computer Engineering

by

Student Name:Kanishq malhotra


Roll No.: 23UCC554

Course Coordinator Dr.


Gurinder Singh (CCE)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering


The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur January
2025
© The LNMIIT 2025
All Rights Reserved
Contents

1​ Experiment No. - 06​ 3


1.1​ Aim............................................................................................................................... 3
1.2​ Apparatus Used............................................................................................................ 3
1.3​ Theory.......................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.1​ Connection Diagram........................................................................................ 4
1.4​ Procedure..................................................................................................................... 4
1.5​ Observations................................................................................................................ 4
1.6​ Conclusions................................................................................................................ 10
1.7​ Precautions.................................................................................................................11
Chapter 1 Experiment

No. - 06

1.1​ Aim
1.​ To generate Pseudo Random Binary Sequence using Linear Feedback Shift Register.

2.​ To implement different line codes i.e. RZ, NRZ, and Manchester and evaluate their
performance.

1.2​ Apparatus Used


1.​ IC: 7474 (D Flip Flop IC)

2.​ 7404 (NOT Gate)

3.​ 7408 (AND Gate)

4.​ 7486 (Ex-OR Gate)

5.​ Capacitor

6.​ Connecting Wires

7.​ Breadboard

8.​ DC Power Supply

9.​ DSO Probe

10.​ Function Generator

11.​ Digital Storage Oscilloscope


1.3​ Theory
1.3.1​ Connection Diagram

Figure 1.1: Generation of Line Codes

1.4​ Procedure
1.​ Connect the circuit as given in Figure 1.

2.​ Give 9.6KHz TTL clock to the input of D Flip-Flops. Observe time domain wave- form of
PRBS output. Note down output sequence. What is the periodicity of output
sequence? What is the bit rate of output sequence? Now take FFT of PRBS Output.
Compare discrete PSD with your Pre-Lab results. What is the distance between spectral
lines?

3.​ Observe output time domain waveforms of different line codes. Draw it in your copy
and compare it.

4.​ Observe and draw discrete line PSD of all line codes. What is the distance between
spectral lines? Compute following table.

1.5​ Observations

S.No Line Code BW(kHz) Spectral Efficiency DC Power


1 PRBS 9.4 1.0095 45 dB
2 Polar NRZ 9.4 1.022 43dB
3 Unipolar RZ 19.8 0.4792 61 dB
4 Bipolar Manchester 19.4 0.4891 13.4 dB

Table 1.1: Observation Table


Figure 1.2: Input Signal and PRBS Output

Figure 1.3: FFT of PRBS Signal


Figure 1.4: PRBS and Polar NRZ Signal

Figure 1.5: FFT of Polar NRZ Signal


Figure 1.6: PRBS and Unipolar RZ Signal

Figure 1.7: FFT of Unipolar RZ Signal


Figure 1.8: PRBS and Bipolar Manchester Signal

Figure 1.9: FFT of Bipolar Manchester Signal


Figure 1.10: CALCULATIONl
Figure 1.11: CALCULATION

1.6​ Conclusions
In this experiment, we successfully generated a Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) using a
Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) and implemented different line coding techniques,
including RZ, NRZ, and Manchester coding. The time-domain waveforms
and spectral characteristics of each line code were analyzed using a Digital Storage Os-
cilloscope (DSO) and FFT. The results demonstrated the trade-offs between bandwidth
efficiency, spectral efficiency, and power at DC for each line code. This analysis provides
valuable insights into the performance of different coding schemes used in digital com-
munication systems.
1.7​ Precautions
1.​ Check the connections before switching on the kit.

2.​ Connections should be done properly.

3.​ Observation should be taken properly.

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