Marks Scored:

KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
End Semester Examination
April, 2023

Level: B.E. Course: EPEG 415

Year: IV Semester: II

Exam. Roll No.: Time: 30 mins F.M.: 10

Registration No.: Date:

SECTION “A”
[20 Q. * 0.5 = 10 marks]
Choose the most appropriate function
1. Which circuit breaker/s will operate for fault at F in the system given below?

a) B3, B4
b) B3
c) B4
d) B2, B3, B4, B5

2. Two relays Ra of 100Ω and Rb of 50Ω are connected to secondary of a CT. The rated secondary
current is 5A for both relays. Which relay will show more phase and ratio error?
a) Ra
b) Rb
c) Both will have same error
d) It depends on CT primary voltage

3. Which kind of protection equipment is commonly used in secondary side of a 11kV transformer?
a) Liquid filled fuse
b) MCCB
c) Dropout fuse
d) HRC fuse
4. A generating station with a step-up transformer (Delta-Delta) is connected to a line. The
transmission line has three phase conductors. A ground fault occurs at one of the phase conductor.
The ground current will
a) Return through ground
b) Not be present
c) Return through healthy phase wires
d) Return through earthwire and ground

5. A power system critical clearing time is 0.5s. The total operating time (speed) of a circuit breaker
is 0.6s. What will be the state of the power system?
a) Large rated current will flow into the system
b) Power system will be transient stable
c) Power system will be transient unstable
d) Relays will maloperate

6. Where will you apply fault to obtain the maximum interrupting rating of the circuit breaker
(CB1) shown in Figure below?

a) Location A
b) Location B
c) Location C
d) Location D

7. An overcurrent relay is to be used for protection of a three-phase line connecting Bus A and Bus B
as shown in Figure 1. What should the value of plug setting for the relay?

Figure 1. IDMT relay for line protection

 a) 180A
b) 300 A
c) 50 A
d) 220 A

8. A substation of 132kV and a transmission line of 2.5+j5Ω houses a mho-relay for protection. A
Current transformer of 400:1 and potential transformer of 132kV:110V is used by the substation.
What should be the setting for mho-relay referred to secondary side for protection of line? Consider
MTA=70 degrees.
a) 2.358Ω
b) 1.875Ω
c) 8Ω
d) 10.332Ω

9. Figure 2 shows a system with two-distance relays (Ra and Rb) stationed at Bus A and Bus B. Both
of these relays are directional with zone 1 time setting of 0.1s, zone-2 time setting of 0.5s and zone-
3 time setting of 1s. A fault occurs in the system, the operating time for relays Ra and Rb will be
_____
a) Ra: 0.5s and Rb: 0.1s.
b) Ra : 0.1s and Rb: 0.5s
c) Ra: 0.1s and Rb: 0.1s
d) Ra: 0.1s and Rb: 1s.

Figure 2. System

10. A transformer vector group is YNyn. This information means:

a) High voltage side is Wye, Low voltage side is Wye, LV and HV are in same phase
b) High voltage side is Wye, Low voltage side is Wye, LV leads HV by 30 degrees
c) High voltage side is Wye, Low voltage side is Wye, LV leads HV by 60 degrees
d) High voltage side is Wye, Low voltage side is Wye, HV leads LV by 180 degrees
11. Which distance relay provides the best performance under load encroachment?
a) Impedance relay
b) Mho relay
c) Reactance relay
d) Elliptical relay

12. A synchronous generator is connected to the grid. A large load in the grid is disconnected which
results in the increase of generator terminal voltage. How can this voltage be brought again to the
nominal value?
a) Change the excitation system
b) Produce reactive power
c) Decreasing the value of field current
d) Increasing the value of field current

13. Slope is used in a percentage differential protection to prevent

a) Maloperation during internal faults
b) Maloperation during external faults
c) Maloperation during breaking of pilot wires
d) Maloperation during transformer inrush

14. A transformer over-fluxing limit curve is shown in Figure 3. The transformer rated flux is now
increased by 40% due to increase in the transformer voltage; How long will the volts/Hertz relay
take to disconnect this transformer for prevention due to overfluxing?
a) 100 minutes
b) 10 minutes
c) 1 minute
d) 0.1 minute

Figure 3. A typical Transformer over-fluxing curve

15. A ground fault occurs at phase c shown in Figure 4. The system phase voltage is 110V. What will
be the rms voltage at phase-a under this fault condition?
a) 110V
b) 400𝑉
c) 180𝑉
d) 220𝑉
 Figure 4. Resistance grounded system

16. Third harmonic voltage detection relay is used in

a) Transformer protection
b) Bus bar protection
c) Line protection
d) Generator protection

17. The minimum value of current which could be fatal to humans is

a) 6mA
b) 60mA
c) 200mA
d) 10A

18. A lightning arrestor (LA) is connected in parallel to a transformer. A surge hits the line and LA
safely discharges it to the ground. The voltage that transformer experiences during surge discharge
is called _________
a) Protective level
b) Residual current
c) Surge voltage
d) Maximum continuous operating voltage

19. Which of the following statement is true?

a) GIS substation allows equipment clearance to be large
b) GIS substation helps to build substation in a small land area
c) GIS substation helps to build substation in a large land area
d) GIS substation is environmental friendly

20. What is the correct sequence for opening an initially closed-circuit breaker?
a) Open isolator, close earthing switch, open circuit breaker
b) Open circuit breaker, open isolator, open earthing switch
c) Open circuit breaker, close isolator, close earthing switch
d) Open circuit breaker, open isolator, close earthing switch
 Marks Scored:

KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
End Semester Examination
April, 2023

Level: B.E. Course: EPEG 415

Year: IV Semester: II
Time: 2 hrs. 30 mins F.M.: 40

SECTION “B”
[5 Q * 8 = 40 marks]

Attempt ANY FIVE questions. Each question carries 8 marks. Symbols have their usual meanings. Urgent
appropriate assumptions are permissible. Marks are indicated inside brackets. Some important formulae
and data are given after the questions section.

1. (a) Explain the requirements of a protection system. [4]

(b) Describe the working principle, advantages and disadvantages of a vaccum circuit breaker. [4]

2. (a) Design the differential protection for a three-phase, 50 Hz transformer with the following
nameplate ratings: 15 MVA, 132 kV/11 kV, 50 Hz, star- delta. [5]

(b) Compare the electromechanical, static and numerical relays used in power system protection.
[3]

3. (a) Decide the settings of the phase fault IDMT over-current relays for the three-phase radial
distribution system shown in the Figure below so that all the protection objectives are met. [5]

(b) Compare overcurrent and distance protection for transmission line protection. [3]
4. Design an earthing grid for a 132kV substation. Use the following data:
Soil resistivity = 100 Ω-m, Substation area =50m × 30m, Maximum ground current = 8kA,
Fault clearing time = 0.6s, Resistivity of soil at surface = 5000Ω-m. Use steel conductor
and welded joints. [8]

5. (a) Develop a detailed single line diagram for a 4MW hydropower generating station with a
11/132kV step-up transformer. [2]
(b) Calculate the size of all equipment’s used for Question 5 (a). [6]

6. Justify the following statements [1*8=8]

(a) Numerical relays allow adaptive protection of power system.
(b) Residual current circuit breaker interrupts power supply in a matter of milli-seconds during
earth fault.
(c) Ground over-current relays must be made sensitive compared to phase over-current relays.
(d) System neutral is grounded as it provides more benefits than ungrounded systems.
(e) 100% stator fault protection is required for large generator protection.
(f) Volt-Hertz relay is provided in protection of large transformers.
(g) Explain the working of a converter substation.
(h) One and a half breaker bus scheme provides good reliability at comparatively
affordable cost.
Table 1. 11kV cable rating data

Table 2. Bus bar rating data

 Table 3. Isolator rating data

Table 4. Circuit breaker rating data

Table 5. Current transformer rating data

Table 6. Potential transformer rating data

Table 7. Lightining Arrester rating data