Scribd
Upload
20 views13 pages

Generation of Computer

The document outlines the evolution of computers through five generations, each defined by significant technological advancements. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second introduced transistors, the third utilized integrated circuits, the fourth featured microprocessors, and the fifth focuses on artificial intelligence. Each generation brought improvements in size, speed, efficiency, and functionality, while also presenting unique advantages and disadvantages.

Uploaded by

ayushsharmaa9918
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views13 pages

Generation of Computer

The document outlines the evolution of computers through five generations, each defined by significant technological advancements. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second introduced transistors, the third utilized integrated circuits, the fourth featured microprocessors, and the fifth focuses on artificial intelligence. Each generation brought improvements in size, speed, efficiency, and functionality, while also presenting unique advantages and disadvantages.

Uploaded by

ayushsharmaa9918
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

• The computer has evolved from large – sized simple


calculating machine to a smaller but much more powerful
machine.
• The evolution of computer to the current state is defined in
terms of the generations of computers.
• Each generation of computer is designed based on a new
technological development, resulting in better, cheaper and
smaller computers that are more powerful, faster and efficient
than their predecessors.
F I R ST G E N ER A TI O N – ( 1 9 4 0 - 1 95 6) : V a c u u m T u b e s

 The first computer used vacuum tubes (a sealed glass


tube containing a near – vacuum which allows the free
passage of electric current.) for circuitry and magnetic
drums for memory.
 They were often enormous and taking up entire room.
 First generation computers relied on machine
language.
 The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of
first – generation computing devices.
F I R ST G E N ER A TI O N S 0 F C O M P U T E R

Advantages :
• It was only electronic device.
• First device to hold memory.

Disadvantages :
• Vacuum tubes burn frequently.
• They were producing heat.
• Maintenance problems.
S E C O N D G E N E R A T I ON – ( 1 95 6 - 1 96 3) : T r a n s i s t or s

 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in


the second generation of computers.
 Second – generation computers moved from cryptic
binary machine language to symbolic.
 High – level programming languages were also being
developed at this time, such as early versions of
COBOL and FORTRAN.
 These were also the first computers that stored their
instructions in their memory.
S E C O N D G E N E R A T I ON S 0 F C O M P UT E R

Advantages :
• Size reduced considerably.
• The very fast.
• Very much reliable.

Disadvantages :
• They over heated quickly.
• Maintenance problems.
T H I R D G E N E R A TI O N – ( 1 96 4 - 1 97 1 ) : I n t e g r a te d c i r c u i t

 The development of the integrated circuit was the


hallmark of the third generation of computers.
 Transistors were miniaturized and placed on siliconchips,
called semiconductors.
 Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted
with third generation computers through keyboards and
monitors and interfaced with an operating system.
 Allowed the device to run many different applications at
one time.
T H I R D G E N E R A TI O N S 0 F C O M P UT E R

Advantages :
• ICs are very small in size.
• Improved performance.
• Production cost cheap.

Disadvantages :
• ICs are sophisticated.
• Air conditioning was required.
FOURTH GENERATION – (1971-PRESENT) : MICROPROCESSOR

 The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of


computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built
onto a single silicon chip.
 The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the
components of the computer.
 From the central processing unit and memory to input /
output controls–on a single chip.
 Fourth generation computers also saw the development of
GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
F O U R T H G E N E R A T I ON S 0F C O M PU T E R

Advantages :
• The air conditioner is not required.
• Totally used for general purposes.
• Heat generated is negligible which is good.

Disadvantages :
• There are a lot of cases required for air conditioning.
• Highly sophisticated production was easier and cheaper.
FIFTH GENERATION – (PRESENT AND BEYOND) : ARTIFICICAL
INTELLIGENCE

 Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial


intelligence.
 Are still in development, through there are some
applications, such as voice recognition.
 The use of parallel processing and superconductors is
helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
 The goal of fifth – generation computing is to develop
devices that respond to natural language input and are
capable of learning and self – organization.
FIFTH GENERATIONS 0F COMPUTER

Advantages :
• More reliable and faster than its predecessor.
• Easily available in different sizes with unique and different
features.

Disadvantages :
• Cooling system was required.
• Costly and not versatile.
• Only used for specific purpose.
THANK YOU

You might also like