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Arduino Board Description

The document provides a detailed description of the components and functionalities of an Arduino board, including power sources, voltage regulation, and various pins for input/output. It explains the roles of the crystal oscillator, microcontroller, and other essential parts like analog and digital pins. Additionally, it covers the reset function, LED indicators, and the ICSP programming header.

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atharva.prabhu045
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0 views

Arduino Board Description

The document provides a detailed description of the components and functionalities of an Arduino board, including power sources, voltage regulation, and various pins for input/output. It explains the roles of the crystal oscillator, microcontroller, and other essential parts like analog and digital pins. Additionally, it covers the reset function, LED indicators, and the ICSP programming header.

Uploaded by

atharva.prabhu045
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arduino - Board Description

1) Power USB (1)


Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your computer. All you need
to do is connect the USB cable to the USB connection (1).
2) Power (Barrel Jack) (2)
Arduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply by connecting
it to the Barrel Jack (2).
3) Voltage Regulator (3)
The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the Arduino board
and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements.
4) Crystal Oscillator (4)
The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in dealing with time issues. How does Arduino
calculate time? The answer is, by using the crystal oscillator. The number printed on top
of the Arduino crystal is 16.000H9H. It tells us that the frequency is 16,000,000 Hertz or
16 MHz.
5) Arduino Reset (5,17)
You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start your program from the beginning. You can
reset the UNO board in two ways. First, by using the reset button (17) on the board.
Second, you can connect an external reset button to the Arduino pin labelled RESET (5).
6) Pins (3.3, 5, GND, Vin)
• 3.3V (6) − Supply 3.3 output volt
• 5V (7) − Supply 5 output volt
• Most of the components used with Arduino board works fine with 3.3 volt and 5 volt.
• GND (8) (Ground) − There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be
used to ground your circuit.
• Vin (9) − This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board from an external power
source, like AC mains power supply.
7) Analog pins (10)
The Arduino UNO board has six analog input pins A0 through A5. These pins can read the
signal from an analog sensor like the humidity sensor or temperature sensor and convert
it into a digital value that can be read by the microprocessor.
8) Main microcontroller (11)
Each Arduino board has its own microcontroller (11). You can assume it as the brain of
your board. The main IC (integrated circuit) on the Arduino is slightly different from board
to board. The microcontrollers are usually of the ATMEL Company.
You must know what IC your board has before loading up a new program from the Arduino
IDE. This information is available on the top of the IC. For more details about the IC
construction and functions, you can refer to the data sheet.
9) ICSP pin (12)
Mostly, ICSP (12) is an AVR, a tiny programming header for the Arduino consisting of
MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND.
It is often referred to as an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), which could be considered as
an "expansion" of the output. Actually, you are slaving the output device to the master of
the SPI bus.
10) Power LED indicator (13)
This LED should light up when you plug your Arduino into a power source to indicate that
your board is powered up correctly. If this light does not turn on, then there is something
wrong with the connection.
11) TX and RX LEDs (14)
On your board, you will find two labels: TX (transmit) and RX (receive). They appear in two
places on the Arduino UNO board. First, at the digital pins 0 and 1, to indicate the pins
responsible for serial communication. Second, the TX and RX led (13).
The TX led flashes with different speed while sending the serial data. The speed of
flashing depends on the baud rate used by the board. RX flashes during the receiving
process.
12) Digital I/O (15)
The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which 6 provide PWM (Pulse Width
Modulation) output.
These pins can be configured to work as input digital pins to read logic values (0 or 1) or
as digital output pins to drive different modules like LEDs, relays, etc. The pins labeled
“~” can be used to generate PWM.
13) AREF (16)
AREF stands for Analog Reference. It is sometimes, used to set an external reference
voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.

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