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MATH 1302 Assignment Unit 2

The document discusses various mathematical functions, including injectivity and surjectivity of a specific function f: Z -> Z, and provides examples of function compositions. It also defines sequences and their properties, presenting closed formulas for both arithmetic and geometric sequences. Additionally, it outlines mappings from students to marks and grades, and demonstrates how to compute composite functions and their sums.

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Li Mei You
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17 views6 pages

MATH 1302 Assignment Unit 2

The document discusses various mathematical functions, including injectivity and surjectivity of a specific function f: Z -> Z, and provides examples of function compositions. It also defines sequences and their properties, presenting closed formulas for both arithmetic and geometric sequences. Additionally, it outlines mappings from students to marks and grades, and demonstrates how to compute composite functions and their sums.

Uploaded by

Li Mei You
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

For the function f: Z -> Z given by f(n) = {n+3 if n is odd, n-5 if n is even}, we can analyze its

injectivity and surjectivity:

Injectivity: To check if the function is injective, we need to see if different inputs map to

different outputs. Let's consider two distinct odd numbers m and n such that f(m) = f(n). This

implies that m+3 = n+3, which further implies m = n. Similarly, for even numbers p and q, f(p) =

f(q) implies p-5 = q-5, leading to p = q. Therefore, the function f is injective.

Surjectivity: To prove surjectivity, we need to show that for every integer k in the co-domain of

Z, there exists an integer n in the domain Z such that f(n) = k. Notice that for any integer k, if k is

odd, k-3 will be even and for k even, k+5 will be odd. This implies that for every integer k, we

can find an n such that f(n) = k. Thus, the function f is surjective.

Inverse of the function: Now, to find the inverse of the function f, we need to interchange the

roles of input and output. Let g be the inverse function. g is such that g(k) = m if f(m) = k. Solving

the equations for odd and even numbers, we get g(k) = k-3 for odd k and g(k) = k+5 for even k.

2.Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b, c}, and C = {x, y, z}. Define f: A -> B as f(1) = a, f(2) = b, f(3) = c and g:

B -> C as g(a) = x, g(b) = y, g(c) = z.

The composition fog: (g o f)(1) = g(f(1)) = g(a) = x, (g o f)(2) = g(f(2)) = g(b) = y, (g o f)(3) = g(f(3))

= g(c) = z.

The composition gof: (f o g)(a) = f(g(a)) = f(x) is not defined, hence gof is not defined.
Since gof is not defined, they are not equal.

3. Let's define the mappings from students to marks and marks to grades explicitly:

Mapping from students to marks:

Ani -> 75

Leon -> 60

Linh -> 85

Liam -> 95

Abdul -> 60

Mapping from marks to grades:

75 -> B

60 -> C

85 -> B+

95 -> A

Domains and ranges of the functions:

Domain of the mapping from students to marks: {Ani, Leon, Linh, Liam, Abdul}

Range of the mapping from students to marks: {75, 60, 85, 95}

Domain of the mapping from marks to grades: {75, 60, 85, 95}
Range of the mapping from marks to grades: {B, C, B+, A}

Composite function:

We can create a composite function by combining the mappings from students to marks and

marks to grades.

Let's denote the composite function as h(x), where x represents a student.

h(x) = (mapping from marks to grades) o (mapping from students to marks)

For example, h(Ani) = (mapping from marks to grades) o (mapping from students to marks)(Ani)

h(Ani) = (mapping from marks to grades)(75) = B

Similarly, we can find the values of h(Leon), h(Linh), h(Liam), and h(Abdul).

The composition of functions is commutative if fog = gof for all elements in the domain. In this

case, the composition of functions is not commutative because fog and gof map elements from

different sets (A and B).

4. Concepts:

i. Sequence: A sequence is an ordered list of numbers or objects.

ii. Recursive function: A recursive function is a function that calls itself in its definition.

iii. Closed formula for the sequence: A closed formula is an explicit formula that allows us to find

any term of a sequence without having to compute the previous terms.


iv. Arithmetic sequence: An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which the difference between

consecutive terms is constant.

v. Geometric sequence: A geometric sequence is a sequence in which each term is obtained by

multiplying the previous term by a constant factor.

5.i. The sequence 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 12... can be generated by a closed formula. To

find the formula, we observe that the sequence alternates between increasing by 1 and staying

the same. Let's denote the position of the term as n.

If n is odd, the term is n/2 + 4.

If n is even, the term is n/2 + 3.

Therefore, the closed formula for the sequence is:

a(n) = (n/2) + 4 if n is odd

a(n) = (n/2) + 3 if n is even

The next four terms of the sequence are 13, 13, 14, 15.

ii. The series 6+36+216+... is a geometric sequence with a common ratio of 6. To find the next

three terms, we multiply the last term by 6.

The next three terms are 1296, 7776, 46656.

The closed formula for the series is a(n) = 6^n.

To calculate the sum to the first n terms, we use the formula for the sum of a geometric series:
Sum = (first term * (1 - common ratio^n)) / (1 - common ratio)

For this series, the sum to the first n terms is (6 * (1 - 6^n)) / (1 - 6).

iii. The series 21+24+27+... is an arithmetic sequence with a common difference of 3. To find the

next three terms, we add 3 to the last term.

The next three terms are 30, 33, 36.

The closed formula for the series is a(n) = 21 + (n-1) * 3.

To calculate the sum to the first n terms, we use the formula for the sum of an arithmetic series:

Sum = (n/2) * (first term + last term)

For this series, the sum to the first n terms is (n/2) * (21 + (21 + (n-1) * 3)). (Studocu,n.d)
Reference

Studocu.(n.d). Learning Journal Unit 2 ASSIGNMENT. Retrieved from

https://www.studocu.com/en-us/messages/question/2979155/learning-journal-unit-2-

assignment-learning-journal-unit-2-learning-journal-unit-2-make-a

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