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Random Sampling

The document provides definitions and explanations of random and non-random sampling techniques, including types such as simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling. It also introduces Slovin's formula for determining sample size, and discusses statistics and parameters in the context of sampling distributions. Additionally, it includes examples and assignments related to constructing sampling distributions and solving sampling problems.

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Ash Ketchum
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0 views

Random Sampling

The document provides definitions and explanations of random and non-random sampling techniques, including types such as simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling. It also introduces Slovin's formula for determining sample size, and discusses statistics and parameters in the context of sampling distributions. Additionally, it includes examples and assignments related to constructing sampling distributions and solving sampling problems.

Uploaded by

Ash Ketchum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RANDOM

SAMPLING
DEFINITION:
Population
➢ refers to the entire group that is under study or
investigation
Sample
➢ Is a subset taken from the population, either by
random or non-random sampling techniques.
➢ It is a representation of the population where one
hopes to draw valid conclusions from about the
population.
DEFINITION:
Random Sampling
➢ Is a selection of 𝑛 elements derived from a population
𝑁, which is the subject of investigation or experiment,
where each sample point has an equal chance of
being selected using the appropriate sampling
technique.
TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
A. LOTTERY SAMPLING/SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

❑ It is a sampling technique where every member of the


population has an equal chance of being selected.
❑ An example of this is when members of the population have
their names represented by small pieces of paper which are
then mixed together and picked out at random.
B. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
❑ It is a sampling technique in which members of the population are
listed and samples are selected in intervals called sample intervals.
❑ In this technique, every 𝑛𝑡ℎ element from the list is selected from a
randomly selected starting point.
❑ For example, if we wish to draw a sample of 2,000 from a population
of 6,000, we can select every 3rd person in the list. In practice,
numbers between 1 and 30 will be randomly selected to act as the
starting point.
C. STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
❑ It is a sampling procedure wherein members of the population are grouped
based on their homogeneity.
❑ This technique is used when there are a number of distinct subgroups in
the population, within each of which is required that there is full
representation.
❑ The sample is constructed by classifying the population into subpopulations
or strata, based on some characteristics of the population such as age,
gender, or socio-economic status. The selection of elements is then made
separately from within each stratum, usually by random or systematic
sampling methods.
D. CLUSTER SAMPLING
❑ It is sometimes called AREA SAMPLING, that is applied on a geographical
basis. It is generally done first sampling at the higher levels before going
down to the lower levels.
❑ For instance, samples are randomly taken from provinces first, then
subsequent cities, then municipalities or barangays, and then households.
E. MULTI-STAGE SAMPLING
❑ It is done using a combination of different sampling techniques.
❑ For instance, when selecting respondents for a national election survey, we
can make use of lottery method first for regions and cities. Then we can
utilize stratified sampling to determine the number of respondents from the
chosen areas and clusters.
SLOVIN’S FORMULA
The sample size (𝑛) is determined by the formula
𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒 2
Where 𝑁 is the population size and 𝑒 is the margin of error.
EXAMPLE:
A researcher wants to study the academic performance in
Mathematics of students in a certain school. The school has a
population of 12,000 students. If the researcher allows a
margin of error of 5%, how many students must he include in
his sample?
TYPES OF NON-RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
DEFINITION
A non-random sampling is used when the sample is not a
proportion of the population and when there is no system in
selecting a sample. This is often used by researchers to elicit
and gather quick responses for questions which do not require
confidentiality.
A. ACCIDENTAL SAMPLING
❑ only those whom the researcher meets by chance are
included in the sample when using this technique
B. QUOTA SAMPLING
❑ includes a specified number of persons of certain types to
be taken as sample
C. CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
❑ most convenient and fastest sampling technique that make
use of telephone, mobile phones, or the internet
D. PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
❑ used in very small sample sizes. For example, this can be
used if the subjects of the study are deans of certain
universities or area managers of certain institutions.
Determine if the following situations use random
or non-random sampling. Then, identify what
type of random or non-random sampling
technique is used.
STATISTIC
❑ A statistic is a number which describes a sample.
❑ It can be directly computed and observed.
❑ An example of a statistic is the sample mean, which serves
as an estimator of the population mean.
❑ Examples: sample mean, sample standard deviation, sample
median
PARAMETER
❑ A parameter is a descriptive measures of a population. While
a statistic can be directly computed and observed, the value
of a parameter can be approximated and is not necessarily
equal to the statistic of a sample.
❑ Example: population mean, population standard deviation,
population median
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION
❑ A sampling distribution is the probability distribution when
all possible samples of size 𝑛 are repeatedly drawn from a
population.
Construct a sampling distribution of the mean and a histogram
for the set of data below.
86 89 92 95 98
Assignment: ½ crosswise
Using the set of data below, perform the following tasks:
123 126 129 132 135
1. Construct a sampling distribution of the mean (𝑛 = 3).
2. Draw a histogram for the sample means.
Solve the following problems:
1. There are 10,000 sacks of rice. How many sacks of rice must be distributed to
town A, B, and C if Town A has 15,000 families, Town B has 12,000 and Town C
has 7,000.
2. Find the sample size 𝑛 given the following:
a. 𝑁 = 10,000 and 𝑒 = 1%
b. 𝑁 = 10,000 and 𝑒 = 5%
c. 𝑁 = 10,000 and 𝑒 = 10%
3. Find the mean of the set of data below and construct a sampling distribution,
without replacement and repetition, by selecting 3 samples at a time.
6 8 12 14 20

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