Hospital Management System

Practical-I Introduction to Software Engineering

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Goals: (1)Understanding importance of software engineering.

Software Engineering is the discipline providing methods and tools for the construction of quality software with a limited budget and a given deadline, in the context of constant requirements change. The IEEE definition is: The application of a systematic, disciplined,quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is, the application of engineering to software. In most systems, including telecommunication systems, software is the overriding component in terms of cost and complexity. Good software engineering practices and tools can therefore make a substantial difference, even to the extent that they may be the driving force of the project success. Software engineering is the discipline of designing, writing, testing, implementing and maintaining software. It forms the basis of operational design and development of virtually all computer systems. The discipline extends to application software on personal computers, connectivity between computers, operating systems and includes software for microcontrollers, small computers embedded in all types of electronic equipment. Without software engineering, computers would have no functionality. Although hardware is just as important, no software means no computers. It is a fundamental part of today's information systems and engineering and our lives would be very different without it.

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Hospital Management System (2) Understanding real-life applications of software engineering 2.1 Fesibility Study:
Feasibility and risk analysis are related in many ways. Two important tests of feasibility are studied and described below.

2.1.1 Technical Fesibility:

There are a number of technical issued when are generally raised during the feasibility stage of the investigation. The considerations that are normally that are normally associated to technical feasibility include: (a). Development risk (b). Resource availability (c). Technology 2.1.2 Finacial Fesibility: Finacial feasibility is an important task of system analysis. Financial benefits must be equal or exceed the cost. The analysis raises financial and economic questions during the investigation to estimates the following to estimates the following. (a). The cost of conduct a full system investigation (b). The error benefit in the form of reduced cost or fewer costly errors.

2.2 Requrement gathering and analisis:

The requirements are almost never available in the form of a single document from the customer, neither is it completely obtainable from any single customer representative. In fact, it would be unrealistic to expect the customers to produce a comprehensive document containing a precise description of what. Therefore, the requirements have to be gathered by the analyst from several sources in bits and pieves. These gathered requirements are then analyzed to remove several types of problems that frequently occur in the requirements gathered piecemeal from different sources.

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Hospital Management System 2.2.1 Modules:

Here we have a Hospital Management System. So we have several types of the modules:

(a) Services Management :

R.1 This module will take care of services provided by the hospital. R.2 Rate of services is charged by rules of hospital . It will consider panel , Night Charges , Emergency charges , Age of patient and other parameters while calculating the rate of services for a particular patient.

(b) Patient Management

R.1 Every patient treated in hospital will be given unique Patient ID which is useful in tracking visits of patients. R.2 All patient's data is useful for MRD purposes.

(c) OPD Management

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R.1 OPD Registration When a patient comes to the reception desk, A new registration number is automatically Allotted to him. His personal details like Name, Age, Sex, Address etc. and the services desired are feeded into the software. R.2 OPD Billing / Collection Billing of all OPD patients with complete details of Patient Information, Services provided like Consultation, Laboratory, X-ray, Ultrasound, Medicines, Procedures etc. along with Payment details.

(d) IPD Management

R.1 IPD registration When a patient comes to the reception desk for admission, A Separate new registration number is automatically allotted to him. His personal details along with the details of Admission, Room, Consultant, Surgeon, Diet, etc. and the Advance Payment made are fed into the software. R.2 The Software will record all this information and print the related documents. R.3 IPD Billing On-line billing of all IPD patients with details of Patient Information, Services provided on daily basis like Room rent, Operation, Delivery, Oxygen & Other Gases, Consultation, Nursing Charges, Laboratory tests, X-ray, Ultrasound, Medicines, Procedures etc. R.4 IPD Collection Collection of part payment along / Full Payment details/ Refunds/Credit Notes. This information will provide the data for all MIS reports.

(e) Discharge Summary

R.1 After the discharge of patient discharge summary can be automatically generated with just few press of keys. R.2 Laboratory data can automatically be imported. Specialty wise standard format can
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be set.

(f) Consultant Management

R.1 Tracking of consultant share for OPD /Indoor procedures. Option for defining consultant shared based on procedures/department. R.2 Classifying visit of patient as new / old for that consultant

(g) Store Management

R.1 R.2 R.3 R.4 Maintain Purchase order with due dates of delivery Maintain MRN and Issue slips Maintaining Stock , Reorder levels and show appropriate warning. Bills can be adjusted against the payments made at other department.

(h) Laboratory Management

R.1 As the test is booked at reception request is automatically send to laboratory. R.2 Lab can feed the result later and prints attractive reports.

(i)Security Management
R.1 Role base security will be provide to user. R.2 Client-server architecture will be followed.

(j) Pharmacy Management

R.1 Complete pharmacy shop can be managed through this module. R.2 Additionally it can be linked to main billing.
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R.3 As patient collects medicines from pharmacy shop their charges will automatically transfer to patient billing.

(k) Radiology Management

R.1 As the tests related to radiology is booked at reception request is automatically send to radiology department .

(l) Medical Data

R.1 This module will take care of all medical data of patient . Patient's intake , outtake , Medication , reading etc.

(m) TPA (Penals)

R.1 Pre-admission forms for different TPA can be set. R.2 After admission limit of Panel's approval will be taken care of.

(n) Reception Management

R.1 Status of any patient/doctor can be queried from this module e.g. timing of consultant, residential address/patient room search.

(o) MRD Management

R.1 Keeps history of all patient. R.2 Data analysis can be further done on any field Keeps truck of the ICD numbers/Bed days per consultant and other MRD Records.

(p) MIS Reports

R.1 It will provide vital and key reports to management. R.2 All the Further we are planning to incorporate graphical analysis of reports.

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Hospital Management System (q) Payroll & HRD Management

R.1 Complete salary can be computed through this module. This module can be attached through Time machines also. R.2 All necessary formats can be generated through this module.

(r) Accounts Management

R.1 Financial accounts R.2 All purchase , expenses ,payments can be feeded in this module. R.3 Receipts can be directly imported from OPD and IPD department. R.4 Balance sheet

(refrencebyAdministrator Plus)

2.3 Design: The most creative and challenge phase of the system life cycle is system design They provide the understanding and procedural details necessary for implementing the system recommended in the feasibility study.... The analyst must clarify the specific objectives of the design process . The result of the analysis must be converted into an outline of the outfits for and input the system. It is necessary to structure the data , which will need to be stored in order to procedure the outputs It is necessary to consider the nature of the processing need to met the user requirements Here we use class diagrams,objects diagrams, use-cases, sequence diagrams, state diagrams, activity diagrams etc.

2.4 coding:
The objective of the coding phase is to transform the design of a system into code in a high-level language, and then to unit test this code.
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Coding standard have to be mandatorily followed by the programmers, and compliance to coding standards is verified before the testing phase can start. In contrast, coding guidelines provide some general suggestions regarding the coding style to be folloe\wed but level the actual implementation of these guidelines to the discreation of the individual developers. Here ,In our hms ,we can use java language with natbeans,html,java script Dream viwer etc.

2.5 Testing:
Activities at this stage would include preparation of high level test plan. The test plan identifies; testing items, features, type of testing, resource, schedule, risks, testing condition Almost all of the activities done during this stage are included in this software test plan. This planning will be an ongoing process and it is reviewed frequently.

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