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Lecture 7(Conditional Statements)

The document explains conditional statements in 'C' programming, focusing on the 'if' and 'if-else' constructs that control the flow of execution based on evaluated conditions. It provides examples of both constructs, illustrating how they determine which block of code to execute. Additionally, it introduces nested if-else statements for handling multiple conditions in decision-making processes.

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4 views

Lecture 7(Conditional Statements)

The document explains conditional statements in 'C' programming, focusing on the 'if' and 'if-else' constructs that control the flow of execution based on evaluated conditions. It provides examples of both constructs, illustrating how they determine which block of code to execute. Additionally, it introduces nested if-else statements for handling multiple conditions in decision-making processes.

Uploaded by

mfiuk9148
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Conditional Statements

What is a Conditional Statement?

In a 'C' program are executed sequentially. This happens when there is no


condition around the statements. If you put some condition for a block of
statements the flow of execution might change based on the result evaluated by
the condition. This process is referred to as decision making in 'C.' The decision-
making statements are also called as control statements.

In 'C' programming conditional statements are possible with the help of the following two
constructs:

1. If statement

2. If-else statement

It is also called as branching as a program decides which statement to execute based on


the result of the evaluated condition.

If statement
It is one of the powerful conditional statement. If statement is responsible for modifying the
flow of execution of a program. If statement is always used with a condition. The condition is
evaluated first before executing any statement inside the body of If. The syntax for if
statement is as follows:

if (condition)
instruction;

The condition evaluates to either true or false. True is always a non-zero value, and false is
a value that contains zero. Instructions can be a single instruction or a code block enclosed
by curly braces { }.

Example of if construct in 'C' programming:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num1=1;
int num2=2;
if(num1<num2) //test-condition
{
printf("num1 is smaller than num2");
}
return 0;
}

Output:

num1 is smaller than num2

1. In the above program, we have initialized two variables with num1, num2 with value
as 1, 2 respectively.
2. Then, we have used if with a test-expression to check which number is the smallest
and which number is the largest. We have used a relational expression in if
construct. Since the value of num1 is smaller than num2, the condition will evaluate
to true.
3. Thus it will print the statement inside the block of If. After that, the control will go
outside of the block and program will be terminated with a successful result.

The If-Else statement

The if-else is statement is an extended version of If. The general form of if-else is as
follows:

if (test-expression)
{
True block of statements
}
Else
{
False block of statements
}
Statements;

n this type of a construct, if the value of test-expression is true, then the true block of
statements will be executed. If the value of test-expression if false, then the false block of
statements will be executed. In any case, after the execution, the control will be
automatically transferred to the statements appearing outside the block of If.

Example : The use of the if-else construct

We will initialize a variable with some value and write a program to determine if the value is
less than ten or greater than ten.

Let's start.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num=19;
if(num<10)
{
printf("The value is less than 10");
}
else
{
printf("The value is greater than 10");
}
return 0;
}

Output:

The value is greater than 10

1. We have initialized a variable with value 19. We have to find out whether the
number is bigger or smaller than 10 using a 'C' program. To do this, we have
used the if-else construct.
2. Here we have provided a condition num<10 because we have to compare our
value with 10.
3. As you can see the first block is always a true block which means, if the value
of test-expression is true then the first block which is If, will be executed.
4. The second block is an else block. This block contains the statements which
will be executed if the value of the test-expression becomes false. In our
program, the value of num is greater than ten hence the test-condition
becomes false and else block is executed. Thus, our output will be from an else
block which is "The value is greater than 10". After the if-else, the program will
terminate with a successful result.
Nested If-else Statements
When a series of decision is required, nested if-else is used. Nesting means using one if-
else construct within another one.

Let's write a program to illustrate the use of nested if-else.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num=1;
if(num<10)
{
if(num==1)
{
printf("The value is:%d\n",num);
}
else
{
printf("The value is greater than 1");
}
}
else
{
printf("The value is greater than 10");
}
return 0;
}

Output:

The value is: 1

1. Firstly, we have declared a variable num with value as 1. Then we have used if-
else construct.
2. In the outer if-else, the condition provided checks if a number is less than 10. If
the condition is true then and only then it will execute the inner loop. In this
case, the condition is true hence the inner block is processed.
3. In the inner block, we again have a condition that checks if our variable
contains the value 1 or not. When a condition is true, then it will process the If
block otherwise it will process an else block. In this case, the condition is true
hence the If a block is executed and the value is printed on the output screen.
4. The above program will print the value of a variable and exit with success.

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