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Exponential Functions

The document provides a series of questions and answers related to exponential functions, including identifying growth or decay, evaluating functions, finding y-intercepts, and determining asymptotes. It explains concepts such as the characteristics of exponential growth and decay, transformations of functions, and applications in real-world scenarios like population growth. Additionally, it includes methods for solving exponential equations and interpreting graph features.

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kumarmadhav990
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1 views

Exponential Functions

The document provides a series of questions and answers related to exponential functions, including identifying growth or decay, evaluating functions, finding y-intercepts, and determining asymptotes. It explains concepts such as the characteristics of exponential growth and decay, transformations of functions, and applications in real-world scenarios like population growth. Additionally, it includes methods for solving exponential equations and interpreting graph features.

Uploaded by

kumarmadhav990
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Identify the Type: Growth or Decay

Question:
Which of the following functions represents exponential decay?

A. f(x)=3xf(x) = 3^x
B. f(x)=2x+3f(x) = 2x + 3
C. f(x)=0.7xf(x) = 0.7^x
D. f(x)=x2f(x) = x^2

Correct Answer: C. f(x)=0.7xf(x) = 0.7^x

Detailed Explanation:

• In an exponential function, if the base bb is greater than 1, it's growth.

• If the base is between 0 and 1, like 0.70.7, the output decreases as xx increases, which
means it’s decay.

• The other options:

o A is exponential growth (b=3b = 3)

o B is linear, not exponential.

o D is quadratic, not exponential.

2. Evaluate an Exponential Function

Question:
If f(x)=2x+3f(x) = 2^x + 3, what is f(2)f(2)?

Solution:

f(2)=22+3=4+3=7f(2) = 2^2 + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7

Detailed Explanation:

• Substitute 2 for xx.

• Calculate the exponential term: 22=42^2 = 4.

• Add 3 (the constant).

• Final answer is 7.

3. Y-Intercept of a Function

Question:
What is the y-intercept of f(x)=5⋅2x−4f(x) = 5 \cdot 2^x - 4?

Solution:
Substitute x=0x = 0:
f(0)=5⋅20−4=5⋅1−4=1f(0) = 5 \cdot 2^0 - 4 = 5 \cdot 1 - 4 = 1

Detailed Explanation:

• The y-intercept is the point where x=0x = 0.

• Any base raised to 0 is 1.

• So 5⋅1=55 \cdot 1 = 5, then subtract 4 to get 1.

• The intercept is at (0,1)(0, 1).

4. Finding the Asymptote

Question:
What is the horizontal asymptote of f(x)=2x+3f(x) = 2^x + 3?

Answer: y=3y = 3

Detailed Explanation:

• For functions in the form f(x)=abx+df(x) = ab^x + d, the asymptote is at y=dy = d.

• The value of 2x2^x gets very small (approaches 0) as x→−∞x \to -\infty, so the output gets
close to 3.

5. Solving for x in an Exponential Equation

Question:
Solve: 3x=813^x = 81

Solution:
Write 81 as a power of 3:

81=34⇒x=481 = 3^4 \Rightarrow x = 4

Detailed Explanation:

• Since both sides have the same base, compare the exponents directly.

• x=4x = 4 because 34=813^4 = 81.

6. Application – Population Growth

Question:
A population of 2,000 doubles every 5 years. Write a function and find the population after 15 years.

Solution:

P(t)=2000⋅2t/5P(t) = 2000 \cdot 2^{t/5}

Substitute t=15t = 15:


P(15)=2000⋅215/5=2000⋅23=2000⋅8=16,000P(15) = 2000 \cdot 2^{15/5} = 2000 \cdot 2^3 = 2000
\cdot 8 = 16,000

Detailed Explanation:

• Doubling every 5 years means divide time by 5.

• At 15 years, it has doubled 3 times.

• Use exponent rules to calculate 23=82^3 = 8, then multiply by the initial population.

7. Transformations of Exponential Functions

Question:
How is f(x)=2x+4f(x) = 2^x + 4 different from g(x)=2xg(x) = 2^x?

Answer: It's shifted 4 units up.

Detailed Explanation:

• The "+4" outside the exponent is a vertical shift.

• Every point on the graph moves up by 4 units.

• Asymptote changes from y=0y = 0 to y=4y = 4.

8. Comparing Exponential Growth

Question:
Which grows faster as x→∞x \to \infty: f(x)=2xf(x) = 2^x or g(x)=3xg(x) = 3^x?

Answer: g(x)=3xg(x) = 3^x

Detailed Explanation:

• Both are exponential growth functions.

• Since 3 > 2, the base of 3 causes values to increase faster.

• This is especially noticeable for large values of xx.

9. Exponential Function from a Table

Question:
Given points:
(0,4),(1,8),(2,16)(0, 4), (1, 8), (2, 16),
Find a function of the form f(x)=abxf(x) = ab^x.

Solution:
From f(0)=a⋅b0=a=4f(0) = a \cdot b^0 = a = 4
Now use f(1)=8f(1) = 8:

8=4b⇒b=28 = 4b \Rightarrow b = 2
So:

f(x)=4⋅2xf(x) = 4 \cdot 2^x

Detailed Explanation:

• Identify aa from the first point (0, 4).

• Use a second point to solve for bb.

• Once both constants are known, write the full function.

10. Graph Interpretation from Features

Question:
A graph has:

• Y-intercept at 5,

• Asymptote at y=2y = 2,
What’s a possible function?

Answer: f(x)=3⋅bx+2f(x) = 3 \cdot b^x + 2

Detailed Explanation:

• The asymptote tells us the vertical shift: d=2d = 2.

• The y-intercept is at x=0x = 0, so:

f(0)=a+d=5⇒a=3f(0) = a + d = 5 \Rightarrow a = 3

• The equation becomes: f(x)=3bx+2f(x) = 3b^x + 2, where bb is any base >0> 0, ≠1\neq 1.

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