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Class 10 Science Basics Simple (1)

The document outlines fundamental concepts in Class 10 Science, including atomic number, atomic mass, chemical formulas, valency, molecules, ions, the periodic table, the law of conservation of mass, the pH scale, and conservation of energy. Each concept is briefly defined with examples for clarity. This serves as a foundational overview for students studying basic chemistry and physics principles.

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4 views

Class 10 Science Basics Simple (1)

The document outlines fundamental concepts in Class 10 Science, including atomic number, atomic mass, chemical formulas, valency, molecules, ions, the periodic table, the law of conservation of mass, the pH scale, and conservation of energy. Each concept is briefly defined with examples for clarity. This serves as a foundational overview for students studying basic chemistry and physics principles.

Uploaded by

krishankumar88502
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 10 Science Basics

1. Atomic Number (Z):


- Number of protons in an atom.
- Example: Hydrogen (Z=1), Oxygen (Z=8).
2. Atomic Mass (A):
- Total number of protons and neutrons.
- Example: Oxygen has atomic mass 16.
3. Chemical Formula:
- Shorthand for molecules.
- Example: Water = H2O, Salt = NaCl.
4. Valency:
- Combining capacity of an atom.
- Example: Sodium (valency 1), Oxygen (valency 2).
5. Molecule:
- Group of atoms bonded together.
- Example: Water (H2O) molecule.
6. Ion:
- Charged atom or group of atoms.
- Example: Na+ (cation), Cl- (anion).
7. Periodic Table:
- Arrangement of elements by atomic number.
- Example: Group 1 = Alkali Metals.
8. Law of Conservation of Mass:
- Mass is neither created nor destroyed.
- Example: 10g reactants = 10g products.
9. pH Scale:
- Measures acidity/basicity (0 to 14 scale).
- pH < 7 (acidic), pH > 7 (basic).
10. Conservation of Energy:
- Energy changes form but is never destroyed.
- Example: Kinetic Energy changes to Potential Energy.

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