Vocabulary C9
Vocabulary C9
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CHIGC;F"CMNLC<ONCIH @ CHRBQDSD Q@MCNL U@QH@AKD 37 VGHBG @QHRDR EQNL #DQMNTKKH SQH@KR SGDQD @QD @ EHWDC MTLADQ D
NE HMCDODMCDMS SQH@KR p*MCDODMCDMSq LD@MR SG@S SGD QDRTKS NE @MX SQH@K ENQ DW@LOKD SQH@K CNDR MNS @EEDBS SGD
QDRTKSR NE SGD ENKKNVHMF SQH@KR @MC @KK SQH@KR @QD BNMCTBSDC TMCDQ SGD R@LD BNMCHSHNMR 6MCDQ SGDRD BHQBTLRS@MBDR SGD
AHMNLH@K 37 1 HR CDEHMDC @R SGD MTLADQ NE RTBBDRRDR HM D SQH@KR 5GD MNS@SHNM HR 1] D F 5GD LD@M HR Z DF @MC
SGDRS@MC@QCCDUH@SHNMHR \ OQR 5GDOQNA@AHKHSXNEDW@BSKX N RTBBDRRDRHM D SQH@KRHR 1139 Y46 13 OY 46 Q Y R O Ч Y
!IH@C>?H=?'HN?LP;F!' @MHMSDQU@KDRSHL@SDENQ@MTMJMNVMONOTK@SHNMO@Q@LDSDQ5GHRCDODMCRNM
` SGDCDRHQDCBNMEHCDMBDKDUDK
` HMENQL@SHNMSG@SHRJMNVM@ANTSSGDCHRSQHATSHNM ENQDW@LOKD JMNVMRS@MC@QCCDUH@SHNM
` SGDR@LOKD@MCHSRRHYD
!IH@C>?H=?*?P?F!* SGD ODQBDMS DWOQDRRHNM ENQ SGD OQNA@AHKHSX SG@S SGD BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@K BNMS@HMR SGD SQTD
ONOTK@SHNM O@Q@LDSDQ ENQ DW@LOKD HE SGD $- SGDM HM NTS NE R@LOKDR SGD HMSDQU@K DRSHL@SD VHKK DMBKNRD
SGDSQTDONOTK@SHNMO@Q@LDSDQ
"?AL??MI@$L??>IG SGDMTLADQNENAIDBSRHM@R@LOKDSG@S@QDEQDDSNU@QX
#LLIL IOH>@IL;.IJOF;NCIH+?;H SGD L@QFHM NE DQQNQ CDODMCR NM SGD BNMEHCDMBD KDUDK R@LOKD RHYD @MC
JMNVMNQDRSHL@SDCONOTK@SHNMRS@MC@QCCDUH@SHNM
#LLIL IOH>@IL;.IJOF;NCIH.LIJILNCIH# . SGD L@QFHM NE DQQNQ CDODMCR NM SGD BNMEHCDMBD KDUDK SGD R@LOKD
RHYD @MCSGDDRSHL@SDC EQNLSGDR@LOKD OQNONQSHNMNERTBBDRRDR
'H@?L?HNC;F1N;NCMNC=M @KRN B@KKDC RS@SHRSHB@K HMEDQDMBD NQ HMCTBSHUD RS@SHRSHBR SGHR E@BDS NE RS@SHRSHBR CD@KR VHSG DRSHL@SHMF
@ ONOTK@SHNM O@Q@LDSDQ A@RDC NM @ R@LOKD RS@SHRSHB 'NQ DW@LOKD HE ENTQ NTS NE SGD B@KBTK@SNQR R@LOKDC @QD
CDEDBSHUDVDLHFGSHMEDQSG@SENTQODQBDMSNESGDOQNCTBSHNMHRCDEDBSHUD
,ILG;F"CMNLC<ONCIH
@ BNMSHMTNTR Q@MCNL U@QH@AKD 37 VHSG OCE G Y F
̞ Y ̞ u ȑ
VGDQD Z HR SGD LD@M
ȑ Ȏ
NE SGD CHRSQHATSHNM @MC \ HR SGD RS@MC@QC CDUH@SHNM MNS@SHNM 1 ] ' Z \ *E Z @MC \ SGD 37 HR B@KKDC J>;
IJ7D:7H:DEHC7B:?IJH?8KJ?ED
.;L;G?N?L @MTLDQHB@KBG@Q@BSDQHRSHBNE@ONOTK@SHNM
.ICHN#MNCG;N? @RHMFKDMTLADQBNLOTSDCEQNL@R@LOKD@MCTRDCSNDRSHL@SD@ONOTK@SHNMO@Q@LDSDQ
1N;H>;L>"?PC;NCIH @ MTLADQ SG@S HR DPT@K SN SGD RPT@QD QNNS NE SGD U@QH@MBD @MC LD@RTQDR GNV E@Q C@S@ U@KTDR @QD
EQNLSGDHQLD@MMNS@SHNM I ENQR@LOKDRS@MC@QCCDUH@SHNM@MC \ ENQONOTK@SHNMRS@MC@QCCDUH@SHNM
1NO>?HNM N "CMNLC<ONCIH HMUDRSHF@SDC @MC QDONQSDC AX 8HKKH@L 4 (NRRDSS HM @MC OTAKHRGDC TMCDQ SGD ORDTCNMXL
4STCDMSSGDL@INQBG@Q@BSDQHRSHBRNESGDQ@MCNLU@QH@AKD 37 @QD
` *SHRBNMSHMTNTR@MC@RRTLDR@MXQD@KU@KTDR
` 5GD OCE HR RXLLDSQHB@K @ANTS HSR LD@M NE YDQN )NVDUDQ HS HR LNQD ROQD@C NTS @MC EK@SSDQ @S SGD @ODW SG@M SGD
MNQL@KCHRSQHATSHNM
` *S@OOQN@BGDRSGDRS@MC@QCMNQL@KCHRSQHATSHNM@R D FDSK@QFDQ
` 5GDQD HR @ E@LHKX NE SlCHRSQHATSHNMR D@BG QDOQDRDMS@SHUD NE SGD E@LHKX HR BNLOKDSDKX CDEHMDC AX SGD MTLADQ NE
CDFQDDRNEEQDDCNL VGHBGHRNMDKDRRSG@MSGDMTLADQNEC@S@
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1CHAF?.IJOF;NCIH+?;HOMCHANB?,ILG;F"CMNLC<ONCIH
*M SGHR LNCTKD VD KD@QMDC GNV SN B@KBTK@SD SGD BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@K ENQ @ RHMFKD ONOTK@SHNM LD@M VGDQD SGD ONOTK@SHNM
RS@MC@QC CDUH@SHNM HR JMNVM 8GDM DRSHL@SHMF @ ONOTK@SHNM LD@M SGD L@QFHM NE DQQNQ HR B@KKDC SGD DQQNQ ANTMC ENQ @
ONOTK@SHNMLD@M & "BNMEHCDMBDHMSDQU@KG@RSGDFDMDQ@KENQL
KNVDQANTMC TOODQANTMC ONHMSDRSHL@SDl & ONHMSDRSHL@SD &
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5GD B@KBTK@SHNM NE & CDODMCR NM SGD RHYD NE SGD R@LOKD @MC SGD KDUDK NE BNMEHCDMBD CDRHQDC 5GD BNMEHCDMBD KDUDK HR
SGD ODQBDMS NE @KK ONRRHAKD R@LOKDR SG@S B@M AD DWODBSDC SN HMBKTCD SGD SQTD ONOTK@SHNM O@Q@LDSDQ "R SGD BNMEHCDMBD KDUDK
HMBQD@RDR SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF & HMBQD@RDR @R VDKK "R SGD R@LOKD RHYD HMBQD@RDR SGD & CDBQD@RDR #X SGD BDMSQ@K KHLHS
SGDNQDL
&#. [ ȑ
O
(HUDM @ BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@K XNT B@M VNQJ A@BJV@QCR SN EHMC SGD DQQNQ ANTMC & NQ SGD R@LOKD LD@M 5N EHMC SGD DQQNQ
ANTMC EHMC SGD CHEEDQDMBD NE SGD TOODQ ANTMC NE SGD HMSDQU@K @MC SGD LD@M *E XNT CN MNS JMNV SGD R@LOKD LD@M XNT B@M
EHMC SGD DQQNQ ANTMC AX B@KBTK@SHMF G@KE SGD CHEEDQDMBD NE SGD TOODQ @MC KNVDQ ANTMCR 5N EHMC SGD R@LOKD LD@M FHUDM @
BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@K EHMC SGD CHEEDQDMBD NE SGD TOODQ ANTMC @MC SGD DQQNQ ANTMC *E SGD DQQNQ ANTMC HR TMJMNVM SGDM @UDQ@FD
SGDTOODQ@MCKNVDQANTMCRNESGDBNMEHCDMBDHMSDQU@KSNEHMCSGDR@LOKDLD@M
4NLDSHLDR QDRD@QBGDQR JMNV HM @CU@MBD SG@S SGDX V@MS SN DRSHL@SD @ ONOTK@SHNM LD@M VHSGHM @ RODBHEHB L@QFHM NE DQQNQ ENQ
@ FHUDM KDUDK NE BNMEHCDMBD *M SG@S B@RD RNKUD SGD & ENQLTK@ ENQ D SN CHRBNUDQ SGD RHYD NE SGD R@LOKD SG@S HR MDDCDC SN
@BGHDUDSGHRFN@K
O [ ȑ
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1CHAF?.IJOF;NCIH+?;HOMCHANB?1NO>?HNN"CMNLC<ONCIH
*M L@MX B@RDR SGD QDRD@QBGDQ CNDR MNS JMNV SGD ONOTK@SHNM RS@MC@QC CDUH@SHNM \ NE SGD LD@RTQD ADHMF RSTCHDC *M SGDRD
B@RDR HS HR BNLLNM SN TRD SGD R@LOKD RS@MC@QC CDUH@SHNM I @R @M DRSHL@SD NE \ 5GD MNQL@K CHRSQHATSHNM BQD@SDR @BBTQ@SD
BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@KR VGDM \ HR JMNVM ATS HS HR MNS @R @BBTQ@SD VGDM I HR TRDC @R @M DRSHL@SD *M SGHR B@RD SGD 4STCDMSoR
SCHRSQHATSHNMHRLTBGADSSDQ%DEHMD@SRBNQDTRHMFSGDENKKNVHMFENQLTK@
Yo Ч u
U T
O
5GD JRBNQD ENKKNVR SGD 4STCDMSoR SCHRSQHATSHNM VHSG D l CDFQDDR NE EQDDCNL 5GD BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@K TMCDQ SGHR
1 4
CHRSQHATSHNM HR B@KBTK@SDC VHSG & U ǿ T VGDQD U ǿ HR SGD JRBNQD VHSG @QD@ SN SGD QHFGS DPT@K SN ǿ I HR SGD R@LOKD
3 6 O
RS@MC@QCCDUH@SHNM @MC D HRSGDR@LOKDRHYD6RD@S@AKD B@KBTK@SNQ NQBNLOTSDQSNEHMC U ǿ ENQ@FHUDM V
.IJOF;NCIH.LIJILNCIH
4NLD RS@SHRSHB@K LD@RTQDR KHJD L@MX RTQUDX PTDRSHNMR LD@RTQD PT@KHS@SHUD Q@SGDQ SG@M PT@MSHS@SHUD C@S@ *M SGHR B@RD SGD
ONOTK@SHNM O@Q@LDSDQ ADHMF DRSHL@SDC HR @ OQNONQSHNM *S HR ONRRHAKD SN BQD@SD @ BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@K ENQ SGD SQTD ONOTK@SHNM
OQNONQSHNM ENKKNVHMF OQNBDCTQDR RHLHK@Q SN SGNRD TRDC HM BQD@SHMF BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@KR ENQ ONOTK@SHNM LD@MR 5GD ENQLTK@R
@QDRKHFGSKXCHEEDQDMS ATSSGDXENKKNVSGDR@LDQD@RNMHMF
-DS Fc QDOQDRDMS SGD R@LOKD OQNONQSHNM N D VGDQD N QDOQDRDMSR SGD MTLADQ NE RTBBDRRDR @MC D QDOQDRDMSR SGD R@LOKD RHYD
-DS Gc l Fc5GDMSGDBNMEHCDMBDHMSDQU@KENQ@ONOTK@SHNMOQNONQSHNMHRFHUDMAXSGDENKKNVHMFENQLTK@
1 Q̲ R̲ Q̲ R̲ 4
KNVDQANTMC TOODQANTMC Q̲ ̞  Q̲  Q̲ ̞ [ O Q̲ [ O 6
3
5GD pOKTR ENTQq LDSGNC ENQ B@KBTK@SHMF BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@KR HR @M @SSDLOS SN A@K@MBD SGD DQQNQ HMSQNCTBDC AX TRHMF DRSHL@SDR
NE SGD ONOTK@SHNM OQNONQSHNM VGDM B@KBTK@SHMF SGD RS@MC@QC CDUH@SHNM NE SGD R@LOKHMF CHRSQHATSHNM 4HLOKX HL@FHMD ENTQ
@CCHSHNM@K SQH@KR HM SGD RSTCX SVN @QD RTBBDRRDR @MC SVN @QD E@HKTQDR $@KBTK@SD Q̲ Y @MC OQNBDDC SN EHMC SGD
O
BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@K 8GDM R@LOKD RHYDR @QD RL@KK SGHR LDSGNC G@R ADDM CDLNMRSQ@SDC SN OQNUHCD LNQD @BBTQ@SD BNMEHCDMBD
HMSDQU@KRSG@MSGDRS@MC@QCENQLTK@TRDCENQK@QFDQR@LOKDR
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@MC RS@MC@QC CDUH@SHNM FHUDM AX SGD ONOTK@SHNM RS@MC@QC
1CHAF? .IJOF;NCIH +?;H OMCHA NB? ,ILG;F CDUH@SHNMCHUHCDCAXSGDRPT@QDQNNSNESGDR@LOKDRHYD
"CMNLC<ONCIH
5GD FDMDQ@K ENQL ENQ @ BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@K ENQ @ RHMFKD
o
9 _ / 13u 9 ȑ 46 5GD CHRSQHATSHNM NE R@LOKD LD@MR HR ONOTK@SHNM LD@M JMNVM RS@MC@QC CDUH@SHNM MNQL@K
O CHRSQHATSHNMHRFHUDMAX
MNQL@KKX CHRSQHATSDC VHSG LD@M DPT@K SN SGD ONOTK@SHNM LD@M KNVDQ ANTMC TOODQ ANTMC ONHMS DRSHL@SD l & ONHMS
3BCM=IHN?HNCM;P;CF;<F?@IL@L??;NBNNJ=HRILA=IHN?HN=IF
"' /3$1U".-%(#$-"$(-3$15 +2
3 Yo Ч [ ȑ Yo [ ȑ 6
1 4 &#. U ǿ T SGD DQQNQ ANTMC ENQ SGD ONOTK@SHNM LD@M
O O O
VGDMSGDONOTK@SHNMRS@MC@QCCDUH@SHNMHRTMJMNVM
& [ ȑ SGD DQQNQ ANTMC ENQ SGD LD@M NQ SGD L@QFHM
O U ǿ HR SGD JRBNQD HM SGD 4STCDMSoR SCHRSQHATSHNM VHSG @QD@ SN
NE DQQNQ ENQ @ RHMFKD ONOTK@SHNM LD@M SGHR ENQLTK@ HR TRDC
VGDMSGDONOTK@SHNMRS@MC@QCCDUH@SHNMHRJMNVM SGDQHFGSDPT@KSN ǿ
% BNMEHCDMBD KDUDK NQ SGD OQNONQSHNM NE BNMEHCDMBD
HMSDQU@KR BQD@SDC SG@S @QD DWODBSDC SN BNMS@HM SGD SQTD 5GD FDMDQ@K ENQL ENQ @ BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@K ENQ @ RHMFKD LD@M
ONOTK@SHNMO@Q@LDSDQ ONOTK@SHNM RS@MC@QC CDUH@SHNM TMJMNVM 4STCDMSR S HR FHUDM
AX KNVDQANTMC TOODQANTMC
V l % SGD OQNONQSHNM NE BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@KR SG@S VHKK
ONHMSDRSHL@SDl & ONHMSDRSHL@SD &
MNSBNMS@HMSGDONOTK@SHNMO@Q@LDSDQ
3 Yo ̞ UT Yo UT 6
1 4
[ ǿ SGD PRBNQD VHSG SGD OQNODQSX SG@S SGD @QD@ SN SGD O O
QHFGS NE SGD YRBNQD HR в SGHR HR SGD PRBNQD TRDC HM SGD .IJOF;NCIH.LIJILNCIH
B@KBTK@SHNMNE & VGDQDhl % Fc N D VGDQD N QDOQDRDMSR SGD MTLADQ NE RTBBDRRDR @MC
D QDOQDRDMSR SGD R@LOKD RHYD 5GD U@QH@AKD Ft HR SGD R@LOKD
D [ ȑ SGD ENQLTK@ TRDC SN CDSDQLHMD SGD R@LOKD RHYD OQNONQSHNM @MC RDQUDR @R SGD ONHMS DRSHL@SD ENQ SGD SQTD
&#. ONOTK@SHNMOQNONQSHNM
D MDDCDC SN @BGHDUD @ CDRHQDC L@QFHM NE DQQNQ @S @ FHUDM
Gtl Ft
KDUDKNEBNMEHCDMBD
1 QR 4
(DMDQ@KENQLNE@BNMEHCDMBDHMSDQU@K Q̲ _ / 3Q O 6 5GD U@QH@AKD Fc G@R @ AHMNLH@K CHRSQHATSHNM
KNVDQ U@KTD TOODQ U@KTD ONHMS DRSHL@SDvDQQNQ ANTMC SG@S B@M AD @OOQNWHL@SDC VHSG SGD MNQL@K CHRSQHATSHNM RGNVM
ONHMSDRSHL@SD DQQNQANTMC GDQD
5N EHMC SGD DQQNQ ANTMC VGDM XNT JMNV SGD BNMEHCDMBD Q̲ R̲
HMSDQU@K ) SGDDQQNQANTMCENQ@OQNONQSHNM [ ǿ O
DQQNQ ANTMC TOODQ U@KTDvONHMS DRSHL@SD 03 DQQNQ ANTMC
VQQFSWBMVF Ч MPXFSWBMVF $NMEHCDMBDHMSDQU@KENQ@OQNONQSHNM
1 Q̲ R̲ Q̲ R̲ 4
MPXFSCPVOE VQQFSCPVOE Q̲ ̞  Q̲  Q̲ ̞ [ O Q̲ [ O 6
3
4HMFKD 1NOTK@SHNM .D@M ,MNVM 4S@MC@QC %DUH@SHNM
/NQL@K%HRSQHATSHNM [ ǿ Q̲ R̲
O OQNUHCDR SGD MTLADQ NE O@QSHBHO@MSR
6RD SGD /NQL@K %HRSQHATSHNM ENQ .D@MR 1NOTK@SHNM 4S@MC@QC

%DUH@SHNMHR,MNVM & P ǿ Ӛ ȑ
O MDDCDC SN DRSHL@SD SGD ONOTK@SHNM OQNONQSHNM VHSG
BNMEHCDMBD V @MCL@QFHMNEDQQNQ )
5GD BNMEHCDMBD HMSDQU@K G@R SGD ENQL@S Yo v & Yo
6RD SGD MNQL@K CHRSQHATSHNM ENQ @ RHMFKD ONOTK@SHNM
&
OQNONQSHNM Q̲ OY
.0!2'!#
1CHAF?.IJOF;NCIH+?;HOMCHANB?,ILG;F"CMNLC<ONCIH