CHAPTER 5

DATA
DICTIONARY

GROUP 4
BSAIS 3-1
 DATA
DICTIONARY

-contains an index and descriptions all of data

stored in database. Directory describes the
locations of the data and the access method
 DATA DICTIONARY

DATABASE OBJECT
Structure that stores or references data, most
common example is a table

METADATA

Another word for “data about data,” most common

example is the description you read on Google before clicking a
link
 DATA DICTIONARY BENEFITS

Enhancing Documentation
Facilitating programming by reducing the needs for data definition
Providing common validation criteria
Standardizing programming methods
STRUCTURE AND KEY COMPONENTS
OF DATA DICTIONARIES
DATA TABLE IN DATABASE DATA DICTIONARY FOR
CUSTOMER_AGE COLUMN:
DATA DICTIONARY
DATA TYPES

LAMPA, MICHELLE SOPHIA

5 MOST COMMON
DATA TYPES
MOST COMMON DATA TYPES

INTEGER TEXT
Any number that doesn’t have a decimal Often referred to as “string,” means
point simply any combination of letters
instead of numbers or other symbols
DATE
A date of a given year and month BOOLEAN

TIME TRUE or FALSE data, often migrated to

YES or NO text, or 1 and 0 numbers. It is,
The time of day
in simple terms, binary data.
6 CATEGORIES IN
DATA TYPES
 NUMERIC DATA TYPES

INTEGER - any number that is not a decimal. Examples include -11, 34, 0,
100.
TINYINT - an integer, but only numbers from 0 to 255
BIGINT - an integer bigger than 1 trillion
FLOAT - numbers too big to write out, and the scientific method is
needed . Examples include 707.07, 0.7, 707.00
REAL - any fixed point on a line
 DATE AND TIME DATA TYPES

DATE - the date sorted in different forms, including “02/06/2025” (US),

“06/02/2025" (Europe), “February 06, 2025” and “02-06-25” among many more.
TIME - the time of day, broken down as far as milliseconds (12:00:59)
DATE TIME - the date and time value of an event (2025-02-06 12:00:59)
TIMESTAMP - stores number of seconds passes since January 1, 1970
00:00:00 UTC (1632855600)
YEAR - stores years ranging from 1901 to 2155 in two-digit or four-digit ranges
 CHARACTER AND STRING DATA TYPES

CHAR - fixed length of characters, with a maximum of 8,000

VARCHAR - max of 8,000 characters like char, but each entry can differ in
length (variable)
TEXT -similar to varchar, but the maximum is 2GB instead of a specific length
UNICODE CHARACTER AND STRING TYPES

NCHAR - fixed length of characters, with a maximum of 8,000

NVARCHAR - variable length with maximum of 8,000 characters
NTEXT - variable length storage, only now the maximum is 1GB rather than a
specific length
 BINARY DATA TYPES

BINARY - fixed length with maximum of 8,000 bytes

VARBINARY - variable length storage with maximum bytes, topped at 8,000
 MISCELLANEOUS DATA TYPES

CLOB - also known as Character Large Object, is a type of sub-character

that carries Unicode texts up to 2GB
BLOB - carries big binary objects
XML - a specific data type that stores XML data. XML stands for extensible
markups language, and is common in data bases
DATA DICTIONARY AND
DATA STRUCTURES
Understanding Main Categories and
Database Models

YABUT, IRYZZ NICOLE

 MAIN CATEGORIES OF DATA DICTIONARY

A data dictionary stores metadata—data about

data. It describes the structure, format, and
definitions of database elements.
 ACTIVE DATA DICTIONARY

•- Automatically updates with database changes

•- Integrated into the DBMS
•- Used in enterprise systems

•Example: A corporation’s DBMS updating

metadata automatically.
 PASSIVE DATA DICTIONARY

•- Requires manual updates

•- Not integrated into the DBMS
•- Used for documentation and reference

•Example: An Excel sheet listing database tables

and fields.
 DATA STRUCTURE AND ITS MAJOR TYPES

A data structure organizes and stores data

efficiently, affecting how data is accessed and
manipulated.
 HIERARCHICAL DATABASE MODEL

•- Uses a tree-like structure

•- 1:N (one-to-many) relationships
•- Efficient for structured data retrieval

•Example: Employee-manager relationships in an

organization.
 NETWORK DATABASE MODEL

•- Uses many-to-many (M:N) relationships

•- More flexible than the hierarchical model
•- Complex structure

•Example: Students enrolled in multiple courses.

 RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL

•- Stores data in tables

•- Uses primary and foreign keys to define relationships
•- Most widely used database model

•Example: Customer and order details linked via

customer IDs.
Active data dictionaries are ideal for automated
database management, while passive ones help with
documentation.

•Choosing the right data structure depends on

application needs:
•- Hierarchical: Structured relationships
•- Network: Interconnected data
•- Relational: Most flexible and widely used
OSI ARCHITECTURE

DANZALAN, ADLEI CEDRIC A.

OSI ARCHITECTURE

OSI Model was developed by the International Organization

for Standardization (ISO) in 1984.
It is an architectural model for inter-computer
communications.
Describes how information from a software application moves
through a physical medium to another computer.
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) is a proof-of-concept
model with seven layers, each performing specialized
functions.
OSI ARCHITECTURE

Defines a systematic approach to providing security at each

layer.
Specifies security services and mechanisms for securing data
transmission.
Defined in ISO/IEC 7498, which includes:
ISO/IEC 7498-1: The Basic Model
ISO/IEC 7498-2: Security Architecture
ISO/IEC 7498-3: Naming and Addressing
ISO/IEC 7498-4: Management Framework
Each layer is self-contained and relatively independent.
 OSI LAYERS

Physical Layer
Data-Link Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
 OSI LAYERS

Physical Layer - The physical layer provides the

hardware that transmits and receives the bit stream as
electrical, optical, or radio signals over an appropriate
medium or carrier.
Data-Link Layer – The data link layer is used for the
encoding, decoding, and logical organization of data
bits. Data packets are framed and addressed by this
layer, which has two sublayers.
 OSI LAYERS

Network Layer – This layer of the assigned the IP

addresses and is responsible for routing and
forwarding. This layer prepares the packets for the
data link layer.
Transport Layer – The transport layer provides
reliable and transparent transfer of data between and
points, end-to-end error recovery and flow control.
 OSI LAYERS

Session Layer – The session layer controls the dialogs

(sessions) between computers. It establishes,
manages and terminates the connections between the
local and remote application layers.
Presentation Layer – The presentation layer converts
the outgoing data into a format acceptable by the
network standard and then passes the data to the
session layer.
 OSI LAYERS

Application Layer – provides a standard interface for

applications that must communicate with devices on
the network

POINTS TO REMEMBER:
The OSI layer that perform error detection and encryption
– Data Link Layer
IMPORTANCE OF A
DATA DICTIONARY

MERCADO, KATHLENE JOYCE

 IMPORTANCE OF A DATA
DICTIONARY

Data dictionaries are very important for teams

that need to share huge amounts of data on a
regular basis. This is the case for most
organizations today, since most decisions are
progressively more data-driven.
 HOW TO MAKE A
DATA DICTIONARY
(3 EASY STEPS)
 3 STEPS

1. Make each field (column header) in the data

table and list it as a row in the data dictionary
2. Decide how you want to define each field in the
data dictionary
3. Either use a database management software
to compile the source data into the data
dictionary, or build out logic in a spreadsheet
software like Excel.
DATA DICTIONARY
DIAGRAM

QUIAMBAO, JOSHUA
 DATA DICTIONARY DIAGRAM

A data dictionary diagram does not exist. What

most people often confuse with a data dictionary
diagram is called a entity relationship diagram. It’s
easy to confuse the ideas conceptually, but be
careful not to confuse them in practice!
DATA DICTIONARY
TOOLS
DATA DICTIONARY TOOLS

One of the biggest challenges with

data dictionaries is finding the right
tool! In short, the best data dictionary
tool depends on your needs. An easy
way to know your needs is to look at
the primary data you use. If you can
manage it all in an Excel document,
then using Excel for the data
dictionary will be sufficient.
 5 MOST COMMON
DATA OBJECT TYPES
 5 MOST COMMON DATA OBJECT TYPES

1. TABLE - A series of rows and columns containing information. The first

column always contains the reference data (or unique ID), while the other
columns provide information on these IDs.

2. VIEWS - Data dictionaries can be used to grant special access to a

user. A database manager may want to limit the visibility on secure
information for certain users. In other words, s/he may want to change
the user’s view. The word also refers to displayed data that the user can
easily see but not edit. A query to the database for a view will display
data quickly, which is useful for decision making. You can think of them
as a window.
 5 MOST COMMON DATA OBJECT TYPES

3. CLUSTERS - A cluster is simply a table built by connecting

two other tables around a common column.
4. SEQUENCES - A set of data columns or tables that
describe a specific real-world event. Clusters can be
sequences.
5. INDEX - A copy of key columns that can be easily accessed.
THANK YOU