REPORT

ARDUINO BASED LPG GAS AND FIRE DETECTOR

Mini Project Report Submitted in

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

by

1. RUPESH KUMAR 23-ME-40

2. JIVAN JYOTI KUMAR SAH 23-ME-49
3. AKASH KUMAR 23-ME-35
4. VIVEK KUMAR 23-ME-09
5. AKANKSHA RAJ 23-ME-46
6. SHWETA KUMARI 23-ME-37
Under the esteemed guidance of

HUSSAM SADIQUE

Department of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MOTIHARI
(Dept. of Science,Technology & Technical Education, Govt. of Bihar)
( Affiliated by AICTE)
AT- Lautahan Motihari East Champaran,Bihar (845401)
web: https://www.gpmotihari.org.in/
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MOTIHARI
(Dept. of Science,Technology & Technical Education, Govt. of Bihar)
(Affiliated by AICTE)
AT- Lautahan Motihari ,East Champaran,Bihar (845401)
web: https://www.gpmotihari.org.in/

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this is the Bonafide record of the minor Project entitled
“ARDUINO BASED LPG GAS AND FIRE DETECTOR”, submitted by
“SAFETY-SPARKS” including “JIVAN JYOTI KUMAR SAH (23-ME-49)” of
DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGG. during the year 2023-2026. The results
embodied in this minor project report have not been submitted to any other university
or institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Project Supervisor Head of the Department

HUSSAM SADIQUE PROF. JAYANT RAJ

Page 1 of 1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We feel honored to place our warm salutation to our college “Government Polytechnic
Motihari” for giving us an opportunity to do this Project as part of our Minor Project.
We are ever grateful to our Class Incharge “Mr. HUSSAIN SIDDIQUI” and Head of
Department “Mr. JAYANT RAJ” who enabled us to have experience in engineering and
gain profound technical knowledge.

We would like to thank our Project Guide “Mr. RUPESH KUMAR” for his regular
guidance, suggestions and constant encouragement.

We are extremely grateful to our Project Coordinator “Mr. VIVEK KUMAR” for his
continuous monitoring and unflinching co-operation throughout project work.

We would like to thank our Team member “ Mr. JIVAN JYOTI KUMAR SAH” , “Mr.
AKASH KUMAR” , “Mr. AKANKSHA RAJ” , “Mrs. SHWETA KUMARI” who gives
their soul in making this project

We would also like to thank all the faculty members and supporting staff of the
Department of IT and all other departments who have been helpful directly or indirectly
in making our project a success.

We are extremely grateful to our parents for their blessings and prayers for the
completion of our project that gave us strength to do our project.

With regards and gratitude

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Contents Page No

1 Introduction

1.1 Problem Definition

1.2 Existing System

1.3 Proposed System

1.4 Literature Review

2 System Requirements

2.1 Hardware & Software Requirements

2.2 Software Requirements Specification(SRS)

3 System Design

3.1 Modules of System

3.2 UML Diagrams

4 Implementation

4.1 Sample Code

4.2 Test Cases

5 Results

5.1 Output Screens

6 Conclusion

References
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro
Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 31-40
ISSN: 2685-9572, DOI: 10.12928/biste.v5i1.4784 31

Protection and Monitoring System for LPG Leaks and Fires in

Arduino-Based Rooms
Ivan Triyatno, Anton Yudhana
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT

Article History:
Submitted 31 August 2021
Revised 02 November 2022
Accepted 21 January 2023

Keywords:
Protection System;
MQ-6 Sensor;
LPG;
DHT22 Sensor; This research is a development of previous research in overcoming of LPG
Blynk gas leaks that cause fires. The system is designed using the main sensor MQ-
6 and DHT22 sensors which will detect the gas concentration and temperature
in the room, the protection system is equipped with an exhaust as a room
Corresponding Author: freshener and a buzzer as a direct warning alarm and a water pump to
Anton Yudhana, extinguish a fire. And all of data will be displayed on the application Blynk
and will send a notification on email users by using a Wi-Fi network. This
Department of Electrical
system has succeeded in detecting the concentration of LPG gas with a sensor
Engineering, detection distance of 1 cm to 7 cm getting an average time of 1.6 seconds and
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, percentage of error comparison 2.52%. In normal temperature detection, the
Yogyakarta, Indonesia. percentage error is 1.14% and normal humidity is 2.98%, As for detection
Email: [email protected] of rising temperature by using of wax media, the percentage error is 1.84%
and humidity 1.87%. From these tests and getting results with a small
percentage value this system can already be used and runs as well.
This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0

Document Citation:
I. Triyatno and A. Yudhana, “Protection and Monitoring System for LPG Leaks and Fires in Arduino-Based
Rooms,” Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 31-40, 2023, DOI:
10.12928/biste.v5i1.4784.

Journal Website: http://journal2.uad.ac.id/index.php/biste/ Email: [email protected]

32 Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro ISSN: 2685-9572

1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid development of technology can play a role in overcoming problems that occur among the
community, one of which is in reducing the number of fires, according to BNPB (National Disaster
Management Agency) there have been 500 cases of forest and settlement disasters throughout 2018, one of
which is LPG gas leakage [1]. In the case of fires that occur due to LPG gas caused by oxidation that occurs
due to three elements, namely fuel, oxygen and heat sources The fire will not ignite if the three elements are
not met [2].
In fire detection using various innovations carried out in research by adjusting factors and conditions in
the field and adjusting the devices used to obtain the desired research results. The selection of detection devices
greatly affects the performance of the system, the use of F lame detector sensors is very effective to find out
if a fire occurs but in placement in a room such as a kitchen sensor can at any time occur errors in detection as
well as the use of smoke detectors [3][4][5][6][7]. As well as supporting the monitoring system in the room, it
is needed in the use of IoT (Internet of Things) technology which can provide information in real-time and is
easier to use compared to its predecessor technology such as the use of SMS Gateways etc. [8].
Based on these problems, a system is designed that can detect LPG gas leaks and can overcome fires by
adjusting the device used, using an Arduino Uno microcontroller and an MQ-6 sensor in LPG gas detection
and a DHT22 sensor to determine the temperature and humidity in the room. Equipped with a room freshener
system using an Exhaust fan as well as a warning alarm using a buzzer and a water watering system consisting
of a water pump connected to a nozzle using a hose. To monitor this system is supported by the ESP8266 Wi-
Fi module which can connect the device with the internet then send information data and will be displayed on
the Blynk application and send a notification to the user's email.

2. METHODS
This study focuses on the performance of the main device in the form of sensors by comparing the value
of the detection results which will get the final value in the form of error percentage and testing on protection
systems, hardware and software that functions to find out if the device used can work according to the
circumstances in the detection room.

2.1. System Design

In the design of this protection and monitoring system, a block diagram was made to be able to help in
designing the entire system that can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1. System block diagram

Based on Figure 1 It can be found that in this system there are three main parts, namely input, process
and output. In the input section itself, there is an MQ-6 sensor which is used to detect gas concentrations and
the DHT22 sensor is used to detect temperature and humidity then from the results of the data obtained from
the sensor will then be sent to a microcontroller in the process section in the form of analog data and will be
converted into digital data using the ADC feature. The digital data will be variable to control the output part of
the system and will display information on a smartphone and then sent over the internet network using the
ESP8266 module [9][10][11][12][13]. The use of the ESP8266 module which is integrated with the TCP/IP
protocol which provides access to the microcontroller to access Wi-Fi, is very helpful in the process of sending
data to the internet network [14][15]. After made a system design using a block diagram that further connects
the Arduino Uno device with other devices. Here is the series of the entire system in Figure 2 [16].

Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro, Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 31-40
33 Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro ISSN: 2685-9572

Figure 2. System schematic circuit

2.2. Equations
2.2.1. LPG Gas Concentration
In the reading of the LPG gas concentration value through the MQ-6 sensor in the form of an analog
value, the RS / RO value will be searched using calculations that can be seen in Equation (1).
𝑉𝐶 − 𝑉𝑅𝐿
𝑅𝑆 = ( ) × 𝑅𝐿 (1)
𝑉𝑅𝐿
With:
𝑅𝑆 is the sensor resistance, 𝑉𝐶 is maximum voltage on the sensor, 𝑉𝑅𝐿 is minimal voltage on the sensor, and
𝑅𝐿 is resistance in the sensor circuit.
Then to find the PPM value of LPG gas, a natural log will be used which can be solved using Equation (2).
1
𝑅𝑆 −0,421
PPM = [ 𝑅𝑂 ] (2)
18,442
With:
𝑃𝑃𝑀 is the concentration of gases in the air, 𝑅𝑆 is of sensor resistance, and 𝑅𝑂 is the clean air content.
The use of the MQ-6 sensor that detects the value of LPG gas concentration in the form of analog values,
so that to convert these values, manual calculations will be used which will then be entered into the program
uploaded to the Arduino [17].

2.2.2. Average
To find the average, the calculation of errors or differences with the comparison of measuring instruments
used using Equation (3) and Equation (4) is first carried out. Then to find the average, namely by summing up
all the data (errors) divided by the total number of samples.

𝑒 = |𝑥 − 𝑦| (3)

∑𝑛𝑖 = 0 𝑒1 + 𝑒2 + 𝑒3 + ⋯ … …
𝑥= = (4)
𝑛 𝑛
Information:
𝑒 is error/sensor measurement difference, 𝑦 is measurement results of measuring instruments, 𝑥 is of sensor
measurement results, 𝑒𝑛 is the number of measurement results, and 𝑛 is the number of average sample
measurements or errors.

2.3. Algorithms
In the program uploaded to the Arduino microcontroller which will receive data from the main sensor on
the system will then be sent using a Wi-Fi network through the ESP8266 module. The following can be seen a
program of temperature and humidity readings and gas concentrations on Listing 1.

Protection and Monitoring System for LPG Leaks and Fires in Arduino-Based Rooms (Ivan Triyatno)
34 Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro ISSN: 2685-9572

Listing 1. Temperature and humidity reading program as well as LPG gas

In the program in Listing 1 there is a temperature variable which is used to read analog values which will
then be converted to which can be used as a temperature meter, and the Hum variable is also used to change
the analog sensor value which can be used as a humidity meter in the room. In the next variable where the
program code initializes pin A1 on the Arduino which functions to read the analog value of the sensor will then
be changed using Equation (1) and Equation (2) to convert the value read from the MQ-6 sensor to a value that
can be used as a reference for testing [18].
After designing the program code, it is hoped that the program uploaded on the Arduino can run as desired
as in the flow program which can be seen in the Figure 3.

Figure 3. System flow chart

At first the device is turned on and starts initializing and connecting to the internet network then it will
start detecting past the condition conditions which if not met then the system will send information data and
display it to the Blynk application, the temperature and humidity values in the condition of the requirements
are values based on the highest value obtained in the room, then at the limit of LPG gas values based on the
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) [19][20].

Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro, Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 31-40
35 Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro ISSN: 2685-9572

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

After designing, the results are obtained in the form of a protection and monitoring system tool on gas
leaks that are ready to be used, this hard circuit is used to assist in early detection if at any time there is a gas
leak where this tool will send a signal to users with the help of an internet connection that will send notifications
with the help of software Blynk can directly facilitate users in the operation of this tool so as to reduce worries
if at any time there is a gas leak in LPG. This test is carried out including the detection of conditions in the
room that produce data in the form of temperature and humidity as well as values on LPG gas concentrations,
the data will be compared with comparison variables, then testing on the protection system and monitoring on
the device to find out if the system is working as desired.

3.1. MQ-6 Sensor Testing

In this test, it is to detect gas using a lighter that will be sprayed on the MQ-6 sensor with the intention of
knowing the PPM value issued by the sensor, here is data from the sensor detection results that will be
compared with the sensor datasheet itself which aims to find out how big the error percentage rate of the device
can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. The results of MQ-6 sensor testing

Data of MQ-6 Gas Sensor
No. Rs/Ro Error (%)
Datasheet (PPM) Sensor (PPM)
1 2 200 195.59 2.2
2 1.8 300 251.20 16.3
3 1.6 400 332.28 16.9
4 1.5 500 387.32 22.5
5 1.4 600 456.28 24.0
6 1.3 700 544.09 22.3
7 1.2 800 658.01 17.7
8 1.1 900 809.07 10.1
9 1 1000 101.59 1.5
10 0.75 2000 2009.20 0.5
11 0.65 3000 2822.44 5.9
12 0.56 4000 4021.12 0.5
13 0.50 5000 5263.08 5.3
14 0.48 6000 5798.90 3.4
15 0.45 7000 6757.59 3.5
16 0.43 8000 7530.19 5.9
17 0.40 9000 8941.31 0.7
18 0.38 10000 10099.68 1.0

From Table 1. di know the results of the comparison of data from the MQ-6 sensor with its comparison
variable, namely the sensor datasheet itself, while the data released by the sensor itself is the result of the
conversion of sensor analog values using Equation (1) and Equation (2). Here is the comparison chart data in
Figure 4.

Datasheet MQ-6 Sensor MQ-6

2.5 2.5

2 2

1.5 1.5

1 1

0.5 0.5

0 0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Figure 4. Comparison chart of MQ-6 sensors

Protection and Monitoring System for LPG Leaks and Fires in Arduino-Based Rooms (Ivan Triyatno)
36 Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro ISSN: 2685-9572

3.2. DHT22 Sensor Testing

3.2.1. Measurement and Comparison During Normal Conditions
Testing the DHT22 sensor during normal conditions in the room to find out how much the sensor value
level will be compared with the HTC2 measuring instrument in detecting temperature and humidity at the time
of reading under normal conditions. The following data was obtained in Table 2.
From the results of Table 1 Then you can search for the average value of each test and then you will find
the error percentage value using Equation (2). Next will look for the average value of the temperature value in
the DHT22 sensor which can be seen in the following calculation.
28.2 + 28.6 + 28.4 + ⋯ + 27.7
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 − 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 = = 28.29
30
From the results of this calculation, the average result on normal temperature detection in the DHT22
sensor was ±28.29. With the same calculation, you can find the average value of other tests, namely the
humidity test on the DHT22 sensor gets an average of ±82.83 while the average in the comparison variable,
namely HTC2, gets the average value on the normal temperature measurement of ±28.62 and humidity of
±80.43. Then to get the error percentage value, Equation (2) will be used. The following is a calculation of the
percentage of errors at normal temperatures from both measurements which can be seen as follows.
28.29 − 28.62
𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟(%) = | × 100| = 1.14%
28.62
From the calculation, the error percentage value from the normal temperature measurement is ±1.14%.
By using the calculation that is the same as before, the result of the percentage of error from the normal
humidity measurement of ±2.98% is obtained. Here's a comparison chart of the test results which can be seen
in Figure 5 and Figure 6.

Table 2. The results DHT22 sensor testing in normal condition

DHT22 HTC2
Time
Temperature (˚C) Humidity (%) Temperature (˚C) Humidity (%)
01.27.01 28.20 82.60 28.7 81
01.28.18 28.60 82.60 28.7 81
01.29.05 28.40 82.40 28.7 80
01.30.56 28.50 82.90 28.9 80
01.34.31 28.40 82.90 28.6 80
01.34.47 28.40 82.70 28.6 80
01.34.58 28.40 83.10 28.6 80
01.35.18 28.00 82.40 28.6 80
01.35.50 28.40 82.90 28.6 80
01.36.27 28.00 82.70 28.6 80
01.37.05 28.50 83.20 28.6 80
01.37.36 28.40 83.20 28.6 80
01.38.28 28.60 83.50 28.6 80
01.39.13 28.30 82.90 28.6 81
01.40.38 28.70 83.50 28.6 81
01.40.56 28.30 83.00 28.6 81
01.41.16 27.80 82.60 28.6 81
01.41.47 28.60 83.00 28.6 81
01.42.27 28.40 82.70 28.6 81
01.43.02 27.90 82.50 28.6 80
01.43.46 27.70 82.20 28.6 81
01.44.59 27.80 82.50 28.6 81
01.45.20 27.90 82.70 28.6 81
01.46.04 28.50 83.40 28.6 81
01.47.17 28.60 83.10 28.6 80
01.47.45 28.60 82.70 28.6 80
01.48.00 28.40 83.10 28.6 81
01.48.24 28.30 82.90 28.6 80
01.49.21 28.50 82.80 28.6 80
01.50.05 27.70 82.30 28.6 80

Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro, Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 31-40
37 Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro ISSN: 2685-9572

DHT22 HTC2

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

Figure 5. Normal temperature comparison chart

DHT22 HTC2

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

Figure 6. Normal humidity comparison chart

3.2.2. Measurement and Comparison with The Help of Candles

With the help of a candle media that if ignited can help in raising the temperature and lowering the
humidity in the room, therefore this comparison is intended to help detect the sensor in detecting temperature
changes and lowering the humidity in the room and making comparisons using the HTC22 measuring
instrument. It can be known from Table 3 is data from the results of sizing with the help of using candles to
increase the temperature around the detection room to find out the average and percentage of error from the
measurement, Equation (2) will be used. With the same calculations as before. Then the average result of room
temperature on the DHT22 sensor was ±38.16 and humidity of ±61.97. Meanwhile, the comparison variable,
namely HTC-2, received an average temperature measurement of ±37.69 and humidity of ±60.83.
After knowing the average value of each measurement, a calculation can be made to get the percentage
of error with Equation 2. with the same calculation as before, the results of calculating the percentage of error
from the two measurements of the DHT22 and HTC-2 sensors were obtained at a room temperature ratio using
candles of ±1.24 and humidity of ±1.87%. Here is a comparison chart of measurements using candles which
can be seen in Figure 7 and Figure 8.

Protection and Monitoring System for LPG Leaks and Fires in Arduino-Based Rooms (Ivan Triyatno)
38 Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro ISSN: 2685-9572

Table 3. Measurement data using the help of candles

DHT22 HTC2
Time
Temperature (˚C) Humidity (%) Temperature (˚C) Humidity (%)
02.34.09 29.20 78.30 29.6 78
02.34.54 29.40 81.50 29.6 79
02.35.12 30.20 82.30 30.1 79
02.35.45 30.40 78.80 30.3 78
02.36.01 30.20 79.70 30.3 77
02.36.53 32.40 77.60 30.3 76
02.37.10 33.60 75.70 32.3 72
02.37.30 34.80 73.50 33.3 72
02.38.06 36.40 69.70 35.4 67
02.38.55 37.10 66.40 36.8 65
02.39.58 38.90 61.60 38.1 60
02.40.26 40.10 60.10 39.5 60
02.40.55 41.00 57.70 39.8 57
02.41.19 41.40 55.90 39.7 55
02.41.52 41.70 54.10 40.6 52
02.42.36 42.60 51.50 41.5 51
02.43.01 42.90 50.40 42.3 49
02.43.35 43.20 50.40 42.2 50
02.44.09 43.40 48.90 43 49
02.45.04 43.40 48.30 43.2 49
02.46.00 43.70 45.60 44.8 48
02.46.50 43.40 46.70 44.2 47
02.47.11 43.30 46.40 44.2 45
02.47.55 43.10 46.20 43.5 45
02.42.36 42.60 78.30 41.5 78
02.43.01 42.90 81.50 42.3 79
02.43.35 43.20 82.30 42.2 79
02.44.09 43.40 78.80 43 78
02.45.04 43.40 79.70 43.2 77
02.46.00 43.70 77.60 44.8 76

DHT22 Temp(C) HTC2 Temp(C)

50

40

30

20

10

Figure 7. Temperature comparison chart using candles

DHT22 HTC2

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30

Figure 8. Moisture comparison chart using wax

Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro, Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 31-40
39 Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro ISSN: 2685-9572

4. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the tests carried out, it has succeeded in creating an LPG gas and fire protection
and monitoring system supported by a network based on IoT (Internet of Things) that can always be monitored
at any time displayed on the Blynk application. Then this study also succeeded in testing sensors on system
devices using a comparison method and had a varying percentage of errors. Among them, in the comparison
of MQ-6 sensors, they get an error percentage value of ±2.52%, for a DHT22 sensor in normal temperature
measurements it gets a value of ±1.14% and humidity ±2.98%, while in measurements on the DHT22 sensor
using candles get a percentage error value on temperature measurements of ±1.84% and humidity of ±1.87%.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thank you to the editors and reviewers for all their suggestions and input until the completion of this
journal. Not to forget, the author would like to thank all parties involved in completing this journal. The author
hopes that this final project can be used as well as possible to add knowledge to yourself, especially for readers.

REFERENCES
[1] H. L. Tata, B. H. Narendra, and M. Mawazin, “Forest and land fires in Pelalawan District, Riau, Indonesia: Drivers,
pressures, impacts and responses,” Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 494-501, 2018,
https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190224.
[2] F. Mirahadi, B. McCabe, and A. Shahi, “IFC-centric performance-based evaluation of building evacuations using
fire dynamics simulation and agent-based modeling,” Automation in Construction, vol. 101, pp. 1-16, 2019,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.01.007.
[3] M. M. Shahadat, A. Mallik, and M. Islam, “Development of an automated gas-leakage monitoring system with
feedback and feedforward control by utilizing IoT,” Facta universitatis-series: Electronics and Energetics, vol. 32,
no. 4, pp. 615-631, 2019, https://doi.org/10.2298/FUEE1904615S.
[4] P. Anuradha, R. R. Arabelli, K. Rajkumar, and J. Ravichander, “Microcontroller Based Monitoring and Controlling
of LPG Leaks Using Internet of Things,” In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 981,
no. 3, p. 032021, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/981/3/032021.
[5] Y. Irawan, A. W. Novrianto, and H. Sallam, “Cigarette Smoke Detection And Cleaner Based On Internet Of Things
(IOT) Using Arduino Microcontroller and MQ-2 Sensor,” Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science
(JAETS), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 85-93, 2021, https://doi.org/10.37385/jaets.v2i2.218.
[6] A. Winarno and M. Affandi, “Design and Construction of Smart House Prototype Based Internet of Things (Iot)
Using Esp8266,” BEST: Journal of Applied Electrical, Science, & Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 11-14, 2022,
https://doi.org/10.36456/best.vol4.no1.5447.
[7] S. Suwarjono et al., “Design of a home fire detection system using Arduino and SMS gateway,” Knowledge, vol. 1,
no. 1, pp. 61-74, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge1010007.
[8] J. Jo, B. Jo, J. Kim, S. Kim, and W. Han, “Development of an IoT-based indoor air quality monitoring
platform,” Journal of Sensors, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8749764.
[9] P. Sihombing, T. P. Astuti, and D. Sitompul, “Microcontroller based automatic temperature control for oyster
mushroom plants,” In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 978, no. 1, p. 012031, 2018,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/978/1/012031.
[10] N. I. Ilahi, S. Baco, A. S. A. Achmad, and E. Umrianah, “Early Leakage Protection System of LPG (Liquefied
Petroleum Gas) Based on ATMega 16 Microcontroller,” In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and
Engineering, vol. 336, no. 1, p. 012021, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/336/1/012021.
[11] R. A. Koestoer, N. Pancasaputra, I. Roihan, and Harinaldi, “A simple calibration methods of relative humidity
sensor DHT22 for tropical climates based on Arduino data acquisition system,” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol.
2062, no. 1, p. 020009, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5086556.
[12] Y. A. Ahmad, T. Surya Gunawan, H. Mansor, B. A. Hamida, A. Fikri Hishamudin and F. Arifin, “On the Evaluation
of DHT22 Temperature Sensor for IoT Application,” 2021 8th International Conference on Computer and
Communication Engineering (ICCCE), pp. 131-134, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCE50029.2021.9467147.
[13] N. Z. Malika, M. G. Md Johar, M. H. Alkawaz, A. Iqbal Hajamydeen and L. Raya, “Temperature & Humidity
Monitoring for Poultry Farms using IOT,” 2022 IEEE 12th Symposium on Computer Applications & Industrial
Electronics (ISCAIE), pp. 76-81, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAIE54458.2022.9794520.
[14] P. Srivastava, M. Bajaj and A. S. Rana, “IOT based controlling of hybrid energy system using ESP8266,” 2018
IEEMA Engineer Infinite Conference (eTechNxT), pp. 1-5, 2018,
https://doi.org/10.1109/ETECHNXT.2018.8385294.
[15] P. Srivastava, M. Bajaj and A. S. Rana, “Overview of ESP8266 Wi-Fi module based Smart Irrigation System using
IOT,” 2018 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication
and Bio-Informatics (AEEICB), pp. 1-5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/AEEICB.2018.8480949.
[16] J. Mesquita, D. Guimarães, C. Pereira, F. Santos and L. Almeida, “Assessing the ESP8266 WiFi module for the
Internet of Things,” 2018 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation
(ETFA), pp. 784-791, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2018.8502562.
[17] R. K. Kodali, R. N. V. Greeshma, K. P. Nimmanapalli and Y. K. Y. Borra, “IOT Based Industrial Plant Safety Gas
Leakage Detection System,” 2018 4th International Conference on Computing Communication and Automation
(ICCCA), pp. 1-5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCAA.2018.8777463.

Protection and Monitoring System for LPG Leaks and Fires in Arduino-Based Rooms (Ivan Triyatno)
40 Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro ISSN: 2685-9572

[18] H. V. Bhatnagar, P. Kumar, S. Rawat and T. Choudhury, “Implementation model of Wi-Fi based Smart Home
System,” 2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication Engineering (ICACCE),
pp. 23-28, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCE.2018.8441703.
[19] V. Tamizharasan, T. Ravichandran, M. Sowndariya, R. Sandeep and K. Saravanavel, “Gas Level Detection and
Automatic Booking Using IoT,” 2019 5th International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication
Systems (ICACCS), pp. 922-925,2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCS.2019.8728532.
[20] X. Qian, R. Zhang, Q. Zhang, M. Yuan, and Y. Zhao, “Cause analysis of the large-scale LPG explosion accident
based on key investigation technology: a case study,” ACS omega, vol. 6, no. 31, pp. 20644-20656, 2021,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c02837.

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

Ivan Triyatno Born in Palembang on April 16, 1998. Completed his S1 Electrical Engineering
education at Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Anton Yudhana Born in Purworejo on August 8, 1976, completed his S1 Electrical Engineering
education at Surabaya Institute of Technology, S2 at Gadjah Mada University University, and S3
at Malaysia University of Technology. His field of interest is High Frequency & Radio
Communication. Currently he serves as Chairman of LPPM Universitas Ahmad Dahlan and
lecturer at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas
Ahmad DahlanYogyakarta, Indonesia.

Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro, Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 31-40
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:02/February-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A FIRE AND HAZARDOUS GAS

DETECTION AND INSTANT SMS ALERTING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER: IMPERATIVE TO COMPUTER LOGIC CURRICULUM
UMAR, Abdulraheem Ojo*1
*1Department Of Computer Science FCT College Of Education, Zuba, Abuja-Nigeria.
DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS49212
ABSTRACT
This research presents the design and implementation of a comprehensive Fire and Hazardous Gas Detection
System with Instant SMS Alerting, employing Arduino technology—a pertinent subject in the context of
Computer Logic coursework. Core components encompass Arduino UNO R4 as the central controller, flame, gas,
and temperature sensors, a relay module, and a GSM module. The system, designed for flame detection, gas
concentration monitoring, and temperature assessment, promptly sends SMS alerts to the user's mobile device.
In the event of a fire, the system activates a water system for immediate suppression, concurrently managing
the power supply via the relay module. User-controlled operation of the water pump, based on a predefined
timer, enhances the system's flexibility. The research underscores the system's potential in reducing injuries,
preventing loss of life, and minimizing property damage, aligning with the principles and applications relevant
to Computer Logic and programming curriculum education. Future enhancements, such as integrating
additional sensors and refining radio communication systems, are proposed to further augment the system's
adaptability and effectiveness in the realm of Computer Logic coursework.
Keywords: Keywords: Gas Sensor, Buzzer(Alarm) System, Fire-Detector, GSM Module, Arduino UNO R4
Microcontroller, Flame Sensor.
I. INTRODUCTION
Fire incidents can be highly disruptive and pose a significant threat to life and property. Residential buildings
often face the greatest risk, and delayed responses can lead to severe casualties. Detecting fires or gas leaks
quickly remains a challenge due to a lack of public awareness about the signs and symptoms. Gas leaks, in
particular, are visually elusive, complicating the estimation of leak rates.
Swift identification of such incidents is paramount to minimizing potential catastrophes. To address this need, a
real-time Fire and Hazardous Gas Detection System has been developed. This system employs gas and flame
sensors to detect gas leaks and fires based on changes in temperature and the presence of flames within a
building. As an emergency response, the system can cut off power, activate alarms, and notify users via SMS
about the detected issues.
One notable feature of the system is its dual safety approach, which includes powering off the electrical supply
and supplying water to extinguish fires. Additionally, it utilizes a dual communication network to ensure
reliable information dissemination through the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) using dual
SIM cards. The implementation of this project involves the use of an Arduino UNO R4 Microcontroller and
simulation using Python software. The aim is to proactively handle fire and gas leak incidents, thereby
minimizing accidents and potential hazards associated with gas leaks.
II. RELATED WORK
The objective of this research is to devise an automated gas leakage and fire detection system with the
capability to detect and alert promptly. Intended for applications in household security and industries reliant
on gas, the system is designed to send notification messages to registered mobile phones. The central control
unit for the entire system is an Arduino microcontroller.
[4] proposed a Sensor-Based Gas Leakage Detector System utilizing a semiconductor (SnO2) with a gas
detection range of 200–10,000 ppm. This system, sensitive to Propane, Butane, LPG, and particularly Methane,
is effective in detecting various combustible gases.
In a project by [2] a device primarily for household use was developed. The system sends an SMS alert and
activates a buzzer upon detecting gas leakage. However, a limitation is identified where the SMS is only sent to
www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[2294]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:02/February-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
the house owner, potentially causing issues if the owner is unreachable.[2] employed an Arduino UNO, MQ 2
gas sensor, and PIR sensor in their project. The gas sensor detects gas leakage, while the PIR sensor identifies
human presence. If no human is detected in the kitchen for a certain duration, the system triggers a buzzer and
automatically shuts off the gas cylinder valve.[1] implemented an LPG sensor and alarming system using
Arduino UNO. The sensor is sensitive to various gases, including toxic gases and combustibles, resulting in a
cost-effective device with simple circuitry. In the paer [6] developed a gas leakage detection and alerting
system utilizing Arduino Uno. Noteworthy is the use of dual GSM SIMs for different networks, ensuring reliable
alerts at three different locations. In the article [5] converted LPG gas leakage levels from PPM to volts and sent
the results to users when the threshold limit was reached. In [3] implemented a gas detection project where the
GSM module sends SMS alerts and emits a sound from a buzzer when gas is detected. [9] incorporated Node
MCU, IoT, and a mobile app to notify users about gas cylinder levels and provide safety precautions during gas
leakage. [8]Imam Hossain and Siddika (2018) developed a device to stop gas supply upon LPG gas leakage, but
acknowledged the challenge of lack of awareness among workers and residents. In paper [7] introduced a
device for detecting hazardous gases, but it was noted that the SMS alerts were sent only to a specific person,
potentially causing safety concerns for workers and people in and around the factory.
III. METHODOLOGY
The designed system comprised various components as shown in the block diagram in Fig. 1. It consists of the
Arduino UNO R4 connected to several sensors and the battery. The main system components include the
Arduino UNO R4, the GSM module, temperature sensor, gas sensor, flame sensor, motor driver, Relay, motor
pump that are crucial for the entire system to be complete and function effectively
When gas leakage is sensed by the MQ-3 gas sensor the level of leakage is checked, if it reaches a certain level,
then Arduino UNO R4 will trigger the buzzer to alert the people the surrounding. After– the GSM module will
send the message to surrounding regarding the gas leakage. A relay will be triggered where it will be used to
turn off the power supply, we need a relay because LPG is highly flammable when the gas interacts with the
electricity high explosion will take place and causes the loss of property.

Fig 1. The block diagram for the proposed system.

Above is the block diagram for the proposed system, from the diagram its seen that the temperature sensor,
flame sensor, the MQ-3 gas sensor and power supply are the inputs that provide information to the Arduino
UNO R4 microcontroller. Buzzer, LCD, GSM module and relay are the output that instruction to the Arduino
UNO R4 microcontroller.

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

[2295]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:02/February-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com

Fig 2: The System Flow Chart

The above describe the working of the system through the system flow chart in fig 2 above, begins with the
start, it then it initialize the device system , it then test for gas leakage, rise in temperature and flame , if there is
no gas leakage detected at the gas sensor, rise temperature by temperature sensor and flame sensor it will
display on the LCD. When there is any gas leakage is detected, no rise temperature and flame at the gas sensor,
the MQ-3 gas sensor will send the data to the Arduino UNO R4, Arduino UNO R4 will trigger the relay to shut
down the power supply If the gas leakage is reached a defined threshold, after it will trigger the alarm, then
LCD will display the level of gas leakage and will trigger the GSM module which will send the SMS alert to the
user or users.
But if there is any gas leakage, rise temperature and flame is detected sensors will send the data to the Arduino
UNO R4, Arduino UNO R4the system goes into flame mode which represent a digital logic (1), this mode is
www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[2296]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:02/February-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
responsible for starting the water pump that quench the fire. Then the water runs until its greater than the user
the defined time, then the flame mode down at the logic zero(0) then the water pump off. Then LCD will
display the level of gas leakage,rise in temperature and fire and also trigger the GSM module which will send
the SMS alert to the user or users.
3.1 Materials
3.1.1 Hard Ware
The hardware components used are:
 Solderless Breadboard
 Arduino Uno
 5v 2amp Power Adapter
 Male And Female Jumper Wires
 Buzzer
 GSM Module
 LCD Display
 Temperature Sensor
 Flame Sensor
 Gas Sensor
 Relay Module
Arduino UNO is a versatile single-board microcontroller extensively employed for crafting diverse digital
devices. The block diagram, depicted in the accompanying figure, illustrates its functionality. Programming for
Arduino UNO is facilitated through languages such as C, C++, Python, and Java.

Fig 3: Arduino
Gas Sensor Module (MQ-3): The gas sensor module serves the purpose of detecting gas leaks, both in residential
and industrial settings. It is adept at identifying various combustible gases such as LPG, propane, hydrogen,
methane, CO, and others.

Fig 4: Gas Sensor

Buzzer: The buzzer or beeper functions as an audible signaling device, utilizing mechanical, electromechanical,
or piezoelectric mechanisms. It finds extensive applications in alarm systems, timers, and user input
verification processes, including mouse clicks or key responses.

Fig 5: Buzzer
GSM Module: The GSM module is a hardware device employing telephony technology to establish data
connections within remote networks. It mimics a conventional cell phone from the perspective of a mobile
phone network, requiring a self-identifying SIM card. These modules are commonly integrated into embedded
systems.

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

[2297]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:02/February-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com

Fig 6: GSM Module

Relay Module: The relay module serves as an electrical switch operated by an electromagnet. It responds to a
low-power signal from a small controller, causing the electromagnet to open or close the electrical circuit when
activated.

Fig 7: Relay Module

Male and Female Jumper Wires: These wires are employed to conduct current from one device to another
within a circuit. Refer to Figure 5 below for an illustration of Jumper Wires.

Fig 8: Male And Female Jumper Wire

Solderless Breadboard: This board facilitates the controlled flow of current within the circuit. Refer to Figure 2
below for a visual representation of the breadboard.

Figure 9: Solderless Breadboard

The flame sensor is used for detecting flame. The flame sensor is an intelligent sensor system that is able to
detect flames with high accuracy using a flame sensor and servo motor.

Fig 10: Flame Sensor

The liquid crystal display (LCD) is now the common choice of alphanumeric, graphics, and video displays. The
displays two lines of 16 characters (16x2).

Fig 11: Flame Sensor

3.1.2 Software Development:
The project will be coded using the Python programming language. Python's suitability stems from its
dedicated library for Arduino programming, making it an ideal choice for seamless integration with the Arduino
platform.
www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[2298]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:02/February-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
3.1.3 Benefits
The system provides various advantages in terms of economic, social, global, environmental, and ethical
aspects. Gas leakage and fire incidents can have detrimental effects across these dimensions. Such accidents
may result in the destruction of valuable properties, injuries to individuals, and loss of life, directly impacting
the economy and society. For instance, if a fire destroys a building, inhabitants and workers may need to
relocate, negatively affecting the economic and social aspects of their lives.
Given these social, economic, and environmental repercussions, it becomes imperative for individuals to
consider implementing a gas leakage and fire alarm control system. This system offers GSM-activated features
for SMS alerts by registering two SIM cards, ensuring fast accessibility in case of power network issues.
Additionally, first aid facilities provide immediate real-time solutions to incidents before the user arrives. This
system is suitable for installation in homes, offices, and various other locations.
One notable advantage of the Fire and Hazardous Gas Detection System with Instant SMS Alerting is its
incorporation of the mentioned features along with cost-effectiveness. Consequently, an effective
implementation of this system is crucial to enhance safety standards, mitigate injuries, reduce loss of life, and
minimize property damage.
IV. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the implemented Fire and Hazardous Gas Detection System with Instant SMS Alerting represents
a comprehensive solution for monitoring and responding to fire and gas leakage incidents. Utilizing Arduino
NUO R4 as the core component, along with flame, gas, temperature sensors, relay module, and GSM module, the
system enables real-time monitoring and prompt action based on detected incidents. The GSM module plays a
crucial role by sending warning SMS messages to the user's phone in response to flame detection, high gas
concentration, and elevated temperature at the installation site.
When a fire is detected, the system triggers a water system for fire suppression, and the relay module takes
control of the power supply. The user also gains remote control over the water pump, allowing them to activate
or deactivate it based on a user-defined timer. The overall impact of the system is evident in its contribution to
reducing injuries, preventing loss of life, and minimizing property damage.
In the context of the ongoing developments and innovations, the widespread adoption of such systems can
significantly influence society, the economy, and environmental protection. To further enhance the system,
potential areas for improvement include integrating additional sensors and refining the radio communication
systems. These advancements can contribute to the continued effectiveness and adaptability of the Fire and
Hazardous Gas Detection System.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author wishes to acknowledge and thank Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) of Nigeria for their
support in making this research work a success.
V. REFERENCES
[1] Halder, M. & Chatterjee, S. (2019). Microcontroller Based LPG Gas Leakage System. International
Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS). 6(2), 29 – 31.
[2] Priya, R. Vishnu, and G. Kowsalya. "Detecting LPG Leakage and Automatic Turn off using Arduino
Connected with PIR Sensor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 1717. No. 1. IOP Publishing,
2021.
[3] Hasibuan, Muhammad Siddik, and Iswandi Idris. "Intelligent LPG gas leak detection tool with SMS
notification." Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 1424. No. 1. IOP Publishing, 2019
[4] Khan, M.M. (2020). Sensor-Based Gas Leakage Detector System. Engineering Proceedings of the 7th
Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka1229,
Bangladesh; 1-6
[5] M. A. Subramanian, N. Selvam, S. Rajkumar,R. Mahalakshmi and J. Ramprabhakar, "Gas Leakage
Detection System using IoT with integrated notifications using Pushbullet-A Review," 2020 Fourth
International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC), 2020,pp.359-362,
doi: 10.1109/ICISC47916.2020.9171093.

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

[2299]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:02/February-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
[6] Shahewaz, S. B. & Prasad, C. R. (2020). Gas leakage Detection and Alerting System using Arduino Uno.
Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances. 5(3), 29–35. DOI: 10.30574/gjeta
[7] Shiyana, A., and Mrs R. Deepa. "SMS BASED GAS LEAKAGE MONITORING IN RESDENTIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL AREA." (2017).
[8] Siddika, Ayesha, and Imam Hossain. "LPG Gas Leakage Monitoring and Alert System using Arduino."
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 7.42 (2018): 1734-1737.
[9] Zinnuraain, S. M., et al. "Smart Gas Leakage Detection with Monitoring and Automatic Safety System."
2019 International Conference on Wireless Communications Signal Processing and Networking
(WiSPNET). IEEE, 2019.

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

[2300]