Emi Chapter-1
Emi Chapter-1
QUALITIES OF MEASURMENT
INSTRUMENT
It is a device for determining values or magnitude of a quantity or variable
through a given set of formulas.
MEASUREMENT
It is a process of comparing an unknown quantity with an accepted standard
quantity.
Mathematically,
ERROR
The deviation or change of the value obtained from measurement from the
desired standard value.
Mathematically,
• GROSS ERRORS
This are the error due to humans mistakes such as careless reading
mistakes in recoding observation incorrect application of an
instrument.
• SYSTEMATIC ERROR
A constant uniform deviation of an instrument is as systematic error.
There are two types of systematic error.
a) STATIC ERROR
The static error of a measuring instrument is the numerical different between the
true value of a quantity and its value as obtained by measurement.
• RANDOM ERROR
The cause of such error is unknown or not determined in the ordinary
process of making measurement.
i. INSTRUMENTAL ERROR
Instrumental errors are errors inherent in mastering instrument because of the
mechanical construction friction are bearing in various moving component. It
can be avoided by
• Selecting a suitable instrument for the particular measurement.
• Applying correction factor after determining the amount of
instrumental error.