Dated: 30 April 2024

Geography Test #1
Topic: Water Resources

Q1: Refer to Photograph A, a Persian wheel on Jun 2011 Q1 (a):

(a)
(i) With reference to that photograph, explain how this machine is used for water supply. [3]
(ii) What are the advantages & disadvantages of replacing this Persian Wheel with a tubewell.
[4]

(b) Study Fig 1 on Jun 2011 Q1(b), which shows canal water in Pakistan:

(i) In which year was the water supply highest? [1]

(ii) How much higher was this than the supply in 2002? [1]

(c) Why is there not enough water supply from canals to meet the needs of all users? [4]

(d) Explain why waterlogging and salinity of soil causes problems to farmers. [6]

(e) Water pollution is a major problem in urban areas. With reference to examples, explain some of the
causes of his pollution, and why it is a major problem to the people who rely on this water supply. [6]

Q2: Refer to Fig 4 on Nov 2012 Q3(a):

(a):

(i) Name the irrigation system shown in Fig 4. [1]

(ii) Name an area of Pakistan where it is used. [1]
(iii) Explain how this system provides water for agriculture in this area. [4]
(iv) Name a fruit crop grown in this area. [1]

(b):

(i) Explain how soils are damaged by waterlogging and salinity. [4]

(ii) Explain three reasons, other than by waterlogging and salinity, why over half the land was not
cultivated when the survey was made. [6]

Q3: Explain how underdevelopment and disease can be made worse by water shortages. [6]

Q4: Why are waterlogging and salinity called ‘the twin menaces for farmers? [2]

Q5: Describe the ways in which waterlogging and salinity can be prevented. [6]

Q6: Explain the importance of Indus Water treaty to Pakistan. [4]

Q7: (a) (i) Describe two ways in which water supplies can be polluted. [2]

(ii)For one of these ways explain how the problem caused by pollution can be solved. [2]

Q8: Refer to Fig 1 on Nov 2015 Q1 (b):

Study this Fig 1 ( a map) showing the major rivers of Pakistan:

(i) Locate the following two dams on the map:

 Warsak (W)
 Diamir Bhasha (under construction) (D). This dam is 150 km downstream of Gilgit.

Mark their positions using the appropriate symbol from the key and label each with the correct
letter. [2]

(ii) What are the advantages of building a dam at the Diamir Bhasha site? [4]
(iii) Read the article on Nov 2015 Q1(b) (iii) , which is about the proposal to build a new dam,
the Kalabagh, on the River Indus at the point indicated on the map Fig 1:
Describe the disputes over water availability and sue which can arise from proposals to build
dams at sites such as this [4]
Q9: Study Fig 5 on Jun 2017 Q4 (a)(i), which shows a diagram of the karez system of irrigation:
Choose three terms from the list below and use them to label the diagram in three of the spaces provided:

Maintenance shaft aquifer canal tunnel water table [3]

(i) Give an example of a barrage in Pakistan and name the river it is on. [2]
(ii) State wht barrages are needed in Pakistan, [2]
(iii) Describe two ways in which the atmosphere in Pakistan can be polluted. [2]
(iv) Explain how the use of chemical fertilisers on farms damages the natural enviorement. You should
develop your answer. [4]
(v) Study Fig 6 on Jun 2017 Q4 (c), which shows water use by sector in Pakistan in 2008:
(a) Which sector used least water? [1]
(b) How much water used by the irrigation/livestock sector? [1]
(vi) Name the type of industry that uses large amounts of water. [1]
(vii) About 60% irrigation water is lost before it reaches crops. Give three reasons why irrigation water
is lost in this way. [3]

Q10: Read the following two views about water shortages in Pakistan:

A:

“ The best way to prevent water shortages in Pakistan is to build more dams and other infrastructure projects.
These will store or supply more water”

B:

“ The best way to prevent water shortages in Pakistan is to educate people about different methods of saving
water. These methods could be carries out in agriculture, industry and in homes”

Which of the above view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples
you have studied. You should consider both View A and B in your answer. [6]
Q11: Study Fig 2.1 on Nov 2019 Q 2(a), a map showing the major rivers of Pakistan:

(i) Name the rivers V,W,X and Y [4]

(ii) Name the dam Z shown in this Fug 2.1 [1]
(iii) Name the two examples of barrages [2]
(iv) State differences between barrages and dams [4]
(v) Suggest four problems caused by siltation [4]
(vi) Explain wht rivers are important to Pakistan. You should develop your answer. [4]
(vii) Read the following two views about providing solutions to the challenges of water supply in
Pakistan:

View A:

“ Small dams are the best way to solve water shortage problems and assit development”

View B:

“Large dams are the best way to solve water shortage problems and assist development.

Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you
have studied. You should consider View A and B in your answer. [6]

Q12: Study Fig 1.2 , a photograph of livestock in Pakistan, on Nov 2020 Q1 (b)(i) , using Fig 1.2 only, identify
the type of livestock shown:

---------------------------------------------- [1]

Q13: Study the Fig 1.3, a diagram showing a type of lift irrigation, on Nov 2020 Q1(b) (ii), describe how water is
obtained for irrigation using this method. [4]

Q14: List two ways the livestock shown in Fig 1.2 on Nov 2020 (b)(ii), can be used other than as draught
power for irrigation: [2]

Q15: What is waterlogging? Tick one correct answer from the list below:

(i) Dams trap water in rivers -------------

(ii) The water table rises to the surface. ------------------
(iii) There is a lack of salt in the soil ……………………..
(iv) Water dissolves the salts in the soil ……………..

Q16: Study Fig 2.1 on Jun 2021 Q2 (a)(i) , showing a blank divided bar graph:

Complete Fig 2.1 to show the percentage share of each source of surface water in Pakistan. Use the
information in the key. [5]

(i) State three ways water is obtained for domestic purposes in Pakistan. [3]
(ii) Explain how water is used in two different secondary industries in Pakistan. You should develop
your answer. [4]
(iii) Define irrigation [1]
(iv) Name and describe one type of coventional irrigation system used in Pakistan. [2]
 (v) Outline two advantages and two disadvantages of using irrigation on small-scale subsistence
farms. [4]

Q17: The United Nations has predicted that Pakistan may become a ‘water scarce’ country by 2025.
To what extent can effective management of its water supply help Pakistan to avoid becoming a ‘water scarce’
country in the future? Give reasons to support your judegemnt and refer to examples you have studied. You
should consider diferent points of view in your answer. [6]