1. What is a computer?

It is an electronic device that processes the input according to the set

of instructions provided to it and gives the desired output at a very fast
rate.

2. Distinguish between data and information.

Data:
 Data is a collection of facts from which the information may be derived.
 It is an unprocessed collection of facts in a manner suitable for communication,
interpretation or processing.
 Example: 134, 16, Kavitha Does not give meaning.
Information:
 Information is a collection of facts from the conclusions can be drawn.
 Information is a processed facts, active, Business based and transformed from data.
 Example: Kavitha is 16 years old. Conveys meaning.

3. What are the components of a CPU?

The Components of CPU are:

 Control Unit
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
 Memory Unit.

4. What is the function of an ALU?

 The ALU is a part of CPU where various computing functions are performed on data.
 ALU performs arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division and logical operations.

5. Write the functions of control unit.

 The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU, memory I/O devices.
 It also controls the entire operations of a computer.

6. What is the function of memory?

Memory enables the computer to store the program.
The memory unit is of two types:
 Primary memory
 Secondary memory
The primary memory is used to store data temporarily and secondary memory stores the
data permanently.
7. Differentiate Input and output unit.
Input unit
 Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer, which can be stored in
the memory unit for further processing.
 Example: Keyboard, mouse
Output unit
 An Output Unit is any hardware component that conveys information tousers in an
understandable form.
 Example: Monitor, Printer

8. Distinguish Primary and Secondary memory.

The primary memory
 It is used to temporarily store the programs and data when the instructions are ready
to execute.
 The Primary Memory is volatile, that is, the content is lost when the power supply is
switched off.
 The Random Access Memory (RAM) is an example of a main memory .
The secondary memory
 The secondary memory is used to store the data permanently.
 Secondary memory is non volatile, that is, the content is available even after the
power supply is switched off.
 Hard disk, CD-ROM and DVD ROM are examples of secondary memory.

1. What are the characteristics of a computer?

The Basic characteristics of the computers are:
 High speed
 Stores Huge Data
 They do millions of different tasks
 Very versatile
 Accurate
 Diligence
2. Write the applications of computer.
Applications of Computer:
Banking, Insurance, Education, Marketing, Health care, Engineering design, Communication,
Government, Weather forecasting.
3. What is an input device? Give two examples.
Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer, which can be stored in the
memory unit for further processing.
Example: Keyboard, mouse, etc.
4. Name any three output devices.
The three output devices are
 Monitor
 Printer
 Speakers
5. Differentiate optical and Laser mouse.
Optical Mouse:
 It is less sensitive towards the surface
 Tracking power is less
 Old technology
 This uses the light source instead of ball to judge the motion of the pointer
Laser Mouse:
 Highly sensitive
 Tracking power is more
 Latest technology
 This uses Laser light
6. Write short note on impact printer.
 Impact printer refers to the class of printers that work by banging a head or needle
against an ink ribbon to make a mark on the paper.
 Impact printers are very noisy.
 These printers can print on multi-part.
 Example: Dot Matrix, Line printers.
7. Write the characteristics of sixth generation.
 Natural Language Processing
 Development of Robotics
 Parallel and Distributed computing
 Artificial Intelligence
 Development of Robotics
8. Write the significant features of monitor.
 A computer monitor is an output device which displays information in pictorial form.
 Monitors can be of monochrome which displays text or images in Black and white
(or) in colour.
 Different types of monitors are CRT, LCD and LED.
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1. Explain the basic components of a computer with a neat diagram.
The Basic components are I/O Unit, CPU, ALU, Control Unit, Memory Unit.
Input unit:
 Input unit is used to feed any form of data to the computer. It can be stored in the
memory unit for further processing.
 Ex. Keyboard, Mouse.
Central processing unit:
 CPU is the major component and it controls the operation of all other components
such as memory, input and output units.
 The CPU has three components namely control unit, Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
and memory unit.
Arithmetic and logic unit:
 The ALU is a part of the CPU where arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication, divisions and logical operations will takes place.
Control unit:
 The control unit controls the flow of data between the CPU, memory and I/O devices.
 It also controls the entire operation of a computer.
Output unit:
 An output device is a hardware component that conveys information to the user in
an understandable form.
 Example: Monitor, printer, plotter
Memory unit:
Memory enables the computer to store the program.
The memory unit is of two types:
 Primary memory
 Secondary memory
The primary memory is used to store data temporarily and secondary memory stores the
data permanently.
1. What is data?
 The term data comes from the word datum which means a raw fact.
 The data is a fact about people, places or some objects.
 Example: Rajesh, 16, XI
2. Write the 1’s complement procedure.
 Step 1 : convert given decimal number into Binary
 Step 2 : if the binary bit contains 8 bits if less add 0 at the left most bit, to make it as
8 bits.
 Step 3 : Invert all the bits, (i.e.) change 1 as 0 and 0 as 1.
3. Convert 4610 into Binary number

4610 into binary = 1011102

4. We cannot find 1’s complement for (28)10. State reason.
 Since it is a positive number.
 1 ’s complement will come only for negative number.
5. List the encoding systems for characters in memory.
 BCD – Binary Coded Decimal
 EBCDIC – Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
 ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange
 Unicode
 ISCII – Indian standard code for Information interchange

1. What is radix of a number system? Give example.

The radix refers to the base of a number system such as
 Binary number system has base value 2
 Octal number system has base value 8
 Decimal number system has base value 10
 Hexadecimal number system has base value 16
Example : Binary number system - radix 2
2. Write note on binary number system.
 In Binary Number System, there are only two digits namely 0 and 1.
 The numbers in the binary system are represented to the base 2.
 In the Binary Number, the left most bit is the Most Significant Bit (MSB) and the right
most bit is the Least Significant Bit (LSB).
 MSB has largest positional weight and LSB has smallest positional weight.
Example : 1100102
3. Convert (150)10 into Binary, then convert that Binary number to Octal.
Step 1:
Change it to Binary.

15010 = 100101102

Step – 2:
Change it to Octal.

Binary - 100101102
Octal – 2268
4. Write short note on ISCII.
 ISCII – Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange.
 ISCII is the system of handling the character of Indian local languages.
 This is 8 – bit coding system. Therefore it can handle 256 (28) characters.
 It is recognized by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).
 It is integrated with Unicode.
5. Add – 2210+ 1510
– 2210+ 1510

22(10) = 101102

Answer: 111110012
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1. (a) Procedure to convert fractional Decimal to Binary.
 Step 1 : Multiply the decimal fraction by 2 and note the integer part. The integer part
is either or 1.
 Step 2 : Discard the integer part of the previous product. Multiply the fractional part
of the previous product by 2. Repeat step 1 until the same fraction repeats or
terminates (0).
 Step 3 : The resulting integer part forms a sequence of 0’s and 1 ’s that becomes the
binary equivalent of decimal fraction.
 Step 4 : The final answer is to be written from first integer part obtained till the last
integer part obtained.
(b) Convert (98.46)10 to Binary

Answer: (1100010.01110 … )2

2. Find 1’s Complement and 2’s Complement for the following Decimal number (a) – 98
(b) – 135

98(10) = 011000102
8 bit format = 011000102
1’s complement = 100111012
Add 1 bit = + 1
= 100111102
13510 = 10000111
1’st complement = 011110002
Add 1 bit = + 1
= 01111001(2)
3. (a) Add 1101010(2) + 1011012
(b) Subtract 1101011(2) – 1110102

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1. What is Boolean Algebra?
 Boolean algebra is a mathematical discipline that is used for designing digital circuits
in a digital computer.
 It describes the relation between inputs and outputs of a digital circuit.
2.Write a short note on NAND Gate.
 The NAND gate is the combination of NOT and AND gates.
 The NAND gate is generated by inverting the output of a AND gate.
 The algebraic expression of the NAND is Y = A.B
3. Draw the truth table for XOR gate.
The truth table for XOR gate is

4. Write the associative laws?

A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C
A.(B.C) = (A.B) . C

5. What are derived gates?

Answer:
 Derived Gates are the gates which are derived from the fundamental gates.
 Example : NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR
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1. Write the truth table of fundamental gates.
(a) AND gate – Truth Table

(c) NOT Gate – Truth Table

(b) OR gate – Truth Table

2. Write a short note on XNOR gate.

 The XNOR (exclusive – NOR) gate is a combination of XOR gate followed by an
inverter.

 The output of XNOR is C = AB + A B = A ⊙ B

 Its output is “true” if the inputs are same and false if the inputs are different.

 Where ⊙ indicates included dot.

Truth Table: