MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to the faculty of Engineering and Technology B. Tech - VI Semester

(Autonomous Batch)

A Mini Project report

On
IoT Based Smart Roofing System

Date of Presentation:12-04-2025

By
RAVULA RAHUL
B22IN113

Under the Guidance of

Ch. Shiva Kumar
Assistant Professor

Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Networks)

Kakatiya Institute of Technology & Science

(An Autonomous Institute under Kakatiya University)

Warangal – Telangana 2024-2025
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that R.Rahul bearing Roll No. B22IN113 of the VI Semester B.Tech. Computer
Science and Engineering (IoT) has satisfactorily completed the Seminar dissertation work entitled,
“IoT Based Smart Roofing System”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of B. Tech Degree
during this academic year 2024-2025.

Supervisor
Ch. Shiva Kumar
Assistant Professor

Coordinator-CSO Convenor
Dr. CH. Jayanth Babu Dr. B. V. Pranay Kumar
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor

Head of the Department

Dr. V. Shankar
Professor
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I am really very overwhelmed by the opportunity to excel in my efforts to complete
this seminar on time.

I am extremely grateful to Prof. K. Ashoka Reddy, Principal, Kakatiya Institute of Technology

and Science and Dr. V. Shankar, Department of Computer Science Engineering (Networks), for
providing all the required resources for the successful completion of the
seminar report.

My Heartfelt gratitude to my Seminar guide Mr. Ch. Shiva Kumar, Assistant Professor of department
Computer Science Engineering (Networks) for her valuable suggestions and guidance in the
preparation of the seminar report and also for all the help and co-ordination extended in bringing on
this seminar successfully in time.

I am grateful to respected coordinator Dr. Ch. Jayanth Babu, Assistant. Professor for guiding and
permitting me to utilize all the necessary facilities of the Institute.

I sincerely thank respected convener Dr. B. V. Pranay Kumar, Assistant. Professor for supporting me
and to utilize all the necessary facilities of the Institute.

I will be failing in duty if I do not acknowledge with gratitude thanks to the authors of the
references and other literature referred to in this seminar.

R. Rahul

B22IN113
 ABSTRACT

The Smart Roofing System based on IoT is a holistic solution meant to automate and update the
control and monitoring of roofing systems, especially in domestic and institutional constructions.
The key aim of the project is to improve energy efficiency, structural security, and environmental
flexibility through intelligent control and real-time monitoring based on Internet of Things (IoT)
technology. Conventional roofing structures are fixed and do not possess the ability to react
dynamically to environmental conditions, which can cause increased energy bills, possible
structural damage, and decreased comfort. This project provides a solution for these problems
through the introduction of a smart, sensor-based roofing platform that reacts sensibly to
environmental conditions.

The system uses a combination of hardware and software elements. Temperature, humidity, rain,
and light intensity sensors are integrated into the roofing system to constantly gather information.
The data is processed using a microcontroller (e.g., Arduino or Raspberry Pi) and sent to a cloud
server using Wi-Fi or GSM modules. The interface is responsive and enables users to view roofing
parameters, get notifications, and regulate mechanical roofing devices such as solar panels, vents,
or adjustable panels.

The main aspects of the system are real-time environmental monitoring, automated roof
modification (such as opening/closing vents or solar panels), abnormal condition alerts (for
instance, heavy rain or excessive heat), and predictive maintenance by data analytics. The system
can also notify homeowners or building managers of potential problems or maintenance activities.

The outcome of the project is an intelligent, secure, and efficient roofing system that not only
boosts building safety but also enhances energy management. With the reduction of manual
inspection labor and remote access and control, the system facilitates sustainability and smart
infrastructure development.

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 CONTENTS

S. No. Section Title Page No.

i Abstract i
ii Contents ii
iii List of Figures iii
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Problem Statement 2
1.2 Objectives 3
1.3 Literature Review 4
2 CHAPTER 2 IMPLEMENTATION 6
2.1 Technology Stack 6
2.2 Methodology 7
2.3 System Requirements 10
2.4 Applications 11
2.5 Advantages 12
2.6 Challenges 14
3 CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTATION AND RESULTS 16
3.1 Experimentation 16
3.2 Flow Chart 17
3.3 Code 18
3.4 Generated Outputs 19
4 CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION 20
4.1 Conclusion 20
4.2 Future Scope 21
5 REFERENCES 23

ii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Page
Figure No. Title
No.

Fig. 3.1 IoT Based Roofing System – Flowchart 17

Fig. 3.2 Serial Monitor Output 19

iii
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

In most residential and institutional structures, roofing systems remain mostly static and manually
controlled, without the flexibility required to react to varying environmental conditions.
Conventional roofs do not consider parameters such as temperature fluctuation, heavy rain, or
intense sunlight, which can weaken structural integrity, enhance energy usage, and cause discomfort
to the occupants. They also do not enable real-time observation, optimize usage of energy, or give
adequate early warnings to avoid damage and necessary maintenance. Building managers and
homeowners therefore continue to grapple with problems ranging from inefficient air circulation,
hefty energy bills, undetected water leaks, and structural weaknesses from unpredictable climate
conditions.

The fundamental issue is the lack of an intelligent, centralized entity that can sense, control, and
learn about the roofing system in real-time. Relying on manual inspection and maintenance leads
to slow reactions to weather conditions and heightened possibilities of undetected damage or
wasteful energy use. In the absence of automation, early anomaly detection, thermal optimization,
or preventive maintenance measures are challenging to achieve. These constraints add to higher
operational expenses, discomfort, and possible safety risks—particularly in areas of unscientific
weather patterns.

The primary objective of this project is to create an IoT-Based Smart Roofing System that enables
automating and optimizing the functionality of conventional roofing systems. The objective is to
deploy a central smart platform with real-time monitoring and auto-control, intended to maximize
energy efficiency, structural security, and environmental adaptability. The system will employ
sensor-based data gathering, microcontroller processing, and web/cloud connectivity to
dynamically control roofing elements depending on real-time weather and environmental
conditions. This will not only enhance operational efficiency but also enhance comfort and safety
for residents or building occupants.

The project scope involves developing a system that can be accessed and monitored by multiple
stakeholders—like homeowners, facility managers, and maintenance staff. Core functionalities of

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the system are environmental monitoring (temperature, humidity, rain, and light level), automated
action (like regulating vents, solar panels, or protective covers), real-time status monitoring via web
dashboard, and automated notifications upon anomalies or maintenance requirements. Because the
platform will be web-enabled, it provides easy remote access from any internet-enabled device,
enabling stakeholders to track roofing health and make informed decisions from anywhere.

This intelligent system is more than a technological upgrade; it is a revolutionary way of managing
buildings. It seeks to introduce transparency, control, and efficiency into a sector hitherto neglected
in digitization. Customers will enjoy such functionalities as real-time analysis, energy consumption
optimization, and risk protection automation (e.g., auto-closing functions during rain). Building
managers, on the other hand, will be able to use predictive knowledge, minimize inspection
expenses, and increase structural robustness. The combination of alarm systems and log data also
facilitates accountability and more effective long-term planning for maintenance of infrastructure.

In the digital age of today, the implementation of smart systems is necessary to ensure sustainable
and secure living conditions. This project is particularly applicable because it addresses the
increasing necessity for adaptive, data-based infrastructure in the environment of smart houses and
smart cities. By trading manual interventions for intelligent automation, the IoT-Based Smart
Roofing System offers an innovative yet down-to-earth remedy. It accords with universal objectives
for energy efficiency, climatic adaptability, and upgrading digital infrastructure while providing a
long-term sustainable approach to contemporary building and facility operation. The vision of the
project is to design roofing that not just shields but is proactive as well—a really intelligent layer
that adjusts according to the world outside.

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1.2 Objectives

The IoT-Based Smart Roofing System is intended to address inefficiencies and limitations of
traditional, static roof systems. The main objectives of this project are as follows:

1. Digitize and Automate Roofing System Operations:

One of the main objectives is to transition away from passive, human-maintained roof structures
towards smart, automated systems. Conventional roofs do not have any dynamic reaction to
environmental conditions and depend wholly on human efforts for upkeep and alteration. With the
addition of sensors and IoT modules, the system will track live weather conditions like rain,
temperature, and intensity of sunlight. It will implement required responses such as closing vents,
opening protective covers, or regulating solar panels automatically, thereby turning roofing
smarter, safer, and more efficient.

2. Ensure Accurate and Transparent Environmental Monitoring:

Existing roofing systems do not provide visibility into key environmental and structural
information. Residents or building managers may not find out about issues such as water leakage,
overheating, or ventilation problems until they can be seen. This project aims to provide real-time,
transparent visibility to all information relevant to them, such as water temperature, humidity, and
rain intensity. With live dashboards and historical logs, users can easily see environmental
patterns, potential risks, and system responses—enabling them to make informed decisions and
prevent costly repairs.

3. Improve Communication and Automated Notifications:

The other primary aim is enhancing the communication of information between the user and the
roofing system. Traditional roofing does not give feedback or warnings, keeping people unaware
of changes in the weather or faults in the roof. This intelligent system will have automatic warnings
through web alerts or email/SMS (if implemented), informing users about any unusual activities
like extreme weather conditions, sensor failures, or maintenance requirements. This keeps building
managers and users constantly informed and prepared to act promptly.

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4. Reduce Manual Effort and Human Error:
Manual adjustment and inspection take time and are subject to miss, particularly in large or
complex structures. By automating decision-making, data collection, and action taking, the smart
roofing system will largely eliminate the necessity for manual effort. The system will
automatically compute thresholds, activate mechanical action, and record data—reducing the
chances of human error and the workload on maintenance crews.

5. Enhance Remote Accessibility and Operational Efficiency:

In a more interconnected world, remote monitoring and control functionality is critical. This
system will be accessed via a web interface, enabling users to track roofing status, review sensor
information, and adjust settings remotely from anywhere with internet access. Whether a
homeowner reviewing roof performance from a smartphone or a facility manager reviewing
reports remotely, this accessibility maximizes time and resource efficiency while enhancing
overall operational effectiveness.

1.3 Literature Review

Over the last few years, smart technologies in buildings have gained wider usage, particularly with
the advent of IoT (Internet of Things). These technologies are no longer only being implemented
in lighting and security but also in fields such as roofing systems. Smart roofing seeks to render
roofs more responsive to weather and more secure, with sensors and automation replacing
complete reliance on manual inspection.

1. Issues with Conventional Roofing:

Conventional roofs lack any means of early detection of issues. For instance, during heavy rainfall,
there is no indication whether water is accumulating or leaking. Moreover, it is not possible to
automatically control ventilation based on temperature or humidity. Research has indicated that
such roofs need to be checked by human beings on a regular basis, which is time-consuming and
could miss minor problems that become significant with time. This has raised the concept of
designing "smart" roofing systems that can monitor and react to changes in the environment
independently.

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2. IoT Role in Smart Roofs:
IoT can be utilized to fit sensors on the roof to monitor rain, temperature, humidity, and even levels
of sunlight. Sensors transmit data to a central system (such as a microcontroller that is hooked up
to a cloud server), which then reacts. For instance, when rain begins to fall, the system can send
an alert or can automatically close a window or a vent. Research has proven that such automation
enhances comfort, security, and energy consumption in buildings.

3. Central Monitoring and Use of Data:

One of the most significant advantages highlighted in most papers is the capability to aggregate
all the sensor readings into a single location. Through tools such as ThingSpeak, Blynk, or
Firebase, the system can store and show real-time values on a mobile or web dashboard. This
assists users in understanding the roof's current state (e.g., is it overheating? Is rain being sensed?).
It also assists in monitoring past data for analysis.

4. Alerts and Automation:

Many studies highlight the significance of having timely alerts for a smart roof system. When
water leakage or excessive heat is sensed, users can be alerted through SMS, app push
notifications, or email. Certain projects also incorporate automated systems for regulating roof
fans, shades, or covers. Through automation, damage is avoided, and the constant need to manually
monitor is minimized.

5. Simple Design and User Interface:

To be commonly utilized, a system should be straightforward to use and comprehend. Most
researchers believe that easy-to-use dashboards and mobile apps simplify smart systems. Visual
items such as graphs, real-time sensor values, and color indicators enable users to react promptly.
Voice assistants or local buttons are even employed by some projects to simplify control.

6. Real-World Use Cases:

In actual implementations, homes, schools, and small buildings have begun to utilize simple IoT
configurations to operate roof windows, detect leaks, and regulate airflow. Studies indicate that
these systems save energy, enhance indoor comfort, and minimize maintenance expenses. Even
simple configurations with low-cost sensors and microcontrollers (such as Arduino or NodeMCU)
have performed well in small-scale projects.
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 CHAPTER 2
IMPLEMENTATION

2.1 TECHNOLOGY STACK:

To support a Simple IoT-Based Smart Roofing System, a light-weighted and efficient technology
stack is utilized. The system will automatically open and close roofs or shades according to
environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall, and sunlight. It comprises hardware (sensors
and actuators) and software (controllers, dashboards, and cloud connectivity) elements.

● Hardware Components:
Microcontroller (ESP32 / Arduino UNO): Serves as the system brain. It gathers
information from sensors and manages motorized roof movement.

● Rain Sensor: Identifies rain and initiates roof closure to safeguard interiors.

● DHT11 / DHT22 Sensor: Provides temperature and humidity readings, assisting in

determining roof operation depending on weather.

● LDR (Light Dependent Resistor): Provides ambient light readings to manage shading under
sunny conditions.

● Servo Motor / DC Motor with Relay: Used to actually open or close the roofing structure
according to sensor input.

● Software & Firmware:

Arduino IDE / MicroPython: Used to write code to the ESP32 or Arduino. Includes logic
for processing sensor data, motor control, and threshold notifications.

● IFTTT / Blynk / MQTT Protocol: For real-time monitoring of data, alarms, and control in
the cloud. A mobile app interface is made possible by Blynk, and MQTT supports light
communication between devices.

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 ● Cloud and Dashboard:
ThingsBoard / Firebase / Blynk Cloud: Hosts real-time sensor controls and data. Enables
visualization through charts and dashboard widgets such as temperature graphs, roof status
indicators, and control buttons.

● Mobile/Web Interface:
Blynk App / Web Dashboard: Allows users to monitor roof status, receive notifications,
and control the roof manually if necessary. The app also provides notifications such as
"Rain detected: Roof closing."

● Communication Protocols:
Wi-Fi (ESP32): Gives the microcontroller internet access for remote control and cloud
support.

● Serial Communication (UART): Used while testing or for connection with other modules
locally.

● Power Supply:
5V–12V DC Power Adapter / Battery Pack / Solar Panel (optional): Supplies required
power to the sensors and actuators.

2.2 METHODOLOGY
To facilitate efficient development of the IoT-based smart roofing system, a systematic, iterative
methodology based on the Agile model was adopted. The methodology is amenable to ongoing
improvement of the system as testing and feedback are done in real-time.

1. Requirement Gathering:
The initial step was to establish the objectives of the system clearly:
● Automate closing of roof in case of rain or excess sunlight.
● Notify user about weather changes.
● Provide manual override through mobile app or switch.
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Stakeholders including building owners, occupiers, or maintenance personnel were interviewed to
determine predominant requirements such as:
● Short response to rain
● Real-time notifications
● Low maintenance
● Controls through mobile apps

2. System Design:
● Block Diagram Development: Demonstrated elements such as sensors, microcontroller,
motor drivers, and cloud server.

● Flowcharts: Laid down logic like "If Rain → Close Roof", "If Temperature > 35°C and

Sunlight High → Close Roof."

● Component Selection: As per cost, availability, and energy efficiency, sensors like DHT11,
rain sensors, and ESP32 were selected.

● Cloud System Design: Stated how data would be received at and sent from the mobile app
or dashboard using Blynk or MQTT.

3. Prototype Development:
● Initial Build: Sensors were wired on a breadboard, and logic was written using Arduino
IDE.

● Motor Integration: Motor was tested with relays and commands to open/close a lightweight
roof prototype.

● Sensor Calibration: Thresholds were tested for rain sensitivity, temperature range, and light
conditions.

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 ● Blynk Integration: Designed a basic dashboard with virtual buttons and graphs displaying
temperature, humidity, and roof status.

4. Testing and Iteration:

● Unit Testing: Individual sensors and components were tested separately for reliability.

● Integration Testing: The whole system was tested collectively to verify sensors properly
triggered motors and cloud updates.

● Real-World Testing: Mounted under an actual or simulated rooftop setting. Verified if it

reacted to environmental conditions.

● User Testing: Gathered feedback on mobile interface and alert system. Set thresholds and
timing as necessary.

5. Deployment:
● Hardware Assembly: Last pieces were soldered and encased in a weatherproof housing.

● Permanent Power Supply: Fitted a reliable DC adapter with solar charging as an option.

● Cloud & Dashboard Setup: Set up Blynk app or ThingsBoard dashboard for permanent use
and data storage.

● Documentation & Handover: Prepared user manuals with simple instructions on how to
run, maintain, and reset the system.

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 2.3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
● Embedded Development Environment (Arduino IDE / MicroPython's Thonny IDE for
MicroPython):This one is utilized in writing and transferring firmware code onto the
microcontroller (ESP32/Arduino) and supports sensors, actuators, and Wi-Fi libraries.

● Cloud Dashboard Platform (Blynk / ThingsBoard / Firebase):

These applications manage real-time data visualization, remote monitoring, roofing action control,
and alarm management through dashboards and smartphones.

● MQTT / HTTP Protocol Libraries:

Lightweight communication protocols employed to send sensor values and receive control
instructions over the internet. MQTT is suitable for IoT applications as it consumes minimal
bandwidth.

● Mobile App Interface (Blynk App or Custom Web App):

A friendly interface to interact with the system. It enables users to view roof status, weather, and
override the roof mechanism manually.

● Driver and Firmware Tools (CH340 USB driver, ESP32 Board Manager):
Needed to post code to microcontrollers and verify correct USB-serial communication.

HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS:

● Microcontroller Unit (ESP32 / Arduino UNO):

System's control hub that processes sensor data and drives the motor according to logical
parameters.

● Sensors:
● Rain Sensor (e.g., YL-83): Describes rain occurrence and initiates roof closing.

10
 ● Temperature & Humidity Sensor (DHT11/DHT22): Monitors ambient temperature and
humidity to regulate shade operation.

● LDR (Light Dependent Resistor): Sensory input for monitoring sunlight intensities and
assisting in regulating shade levels.

● Motor and Actuator Components:

DC Motor / Servo Motor / Linear Actuator: Physically displaces the roofing panel.

● Relay Module or Motor Driver (L298N): Regulates power supply to the motor.

● Power Supply:
5V–12V DC Adapter / Rechargeable Battery / Solar Panel: Powers the system. Optional solar
integration increases sustainability.

● Connectivity:
Wi-Fi Module (Built-in ESP32): Enables cloud communication and remote access.

● Supporting Tools:
Breadboard, Jumper Wires, Resistors, Enclosure Box: For prototype assembly, testing, and
housing.

● Laptop/PC (Minimum: Intel i3 or higher, 4GB RAM): For programming, debugging, and cloud
setup.

2.4 APPLICATIONS

1. Automatic Rain Protection:

Rainfall is sensed by the system, and automatically, the roof or shade is closed to safeguard indoor
or half-open areas like terraces, balconies, gardens, or courtyards.
2. Smart Sunlight Control:

With the assistance of light sensors, the system may open or close the roof based on sunlight
11
intensity, thus creating a cool climate during high sunlight and letting natural light where necessary.
3. Temperature-Based Roof Operation:

Temperature sensor facilitates action such as opening the roof to ventilate in case the temperature
goes above a predetermined value, thus creating thermal comfort within covered or greenhouse-
type areas.
4. Real-Time Mobile Alerts and Control:

With the connected mobile app (e.g., Blynk), users are alerted when it rains or when the roof
opens/closes. Users can also operate the roof remotely for ease of use.
5. Manual Override and Safety Features:

Although automated, users have the option to control the roof manually through switches or a
mobile app. Safety features prevent the motor from operating during high winds or obstructions.
6. Energy Efficient and Sustainable Living:

By utilizing solar panels for energy and minimizing reliance on air conditioning or man-made light,
the system encourages green building principles.
7. Scalable for Agricultural or Industrial Use:

The intelligent roofing system can be scaled up for greenhouse agriculture, outdoor warehouses, or
any building that needs weather-adjusting roofs. The basic premise is still the same: automate roof
choices using environmental data.

2.5 ADVANTAGES
1.Automating Manual Activities:
The IoT-based intelligent roof system eliminates traditional manual processes such as opening or
closing shades as per weather patterns. This automates activities with no human intervention
required, with consistent and punctual responses being guaranteed, particularly during sudden
rains or excessive sunlight.

2.Transparency and Accountability

Sensor-based decisions are recorded with timestamps, giving insight into when and why the roof
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shifted. This establishes trust in automated decisions and enables users to check roof movements,
particularly in shared or public-use areas such as hostels, greenhouses, or patios.

3.User-Friendly Interface:
The system includes an intuitive mobile or web-based interface, typically built using platforms
like Blynk and can be used by non-technical individuals. Manual override and real-time status
display make it easy to use and accessible.

4.Centralized Monitoring:
Environmental data, motor logs, and user commands are all stored in a central database or cloud
solution. This provides uniform monitoring and allows quick retrieval of usage history or sensor
trends when requested.

5.Time and Energy Saving:

The system reacts immediately to changes in weather, reducing the need for someone to constantly
monitor and operate the roof manually. This saves both time and energy, while preventing damage
due to sudden environmental changes.

6.Scalable and Customizable:

The modular design enables the intelligent roofing solution to be effortlessly expanded across
various units, structures, or applications. Wind protection, night-mode function, and seasonal
modes can be added in accordance with special requirements.

7.Secure Access Control:

Role-based access is granted to users, with control functions reserved for administrators or
authorized users. Unauthorized usage is avoided, while security and safety of the system are
guaranteed.

8.Environment-Friendly:
Through weather-based automation, the system cuts down on artificial lighting or cooling
dependency. Solar power makes the system even more environmentally friendly, promoting green
building and energy efficiency.

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2.6 CHALLENGES
1.Adoption by Users:
Persuading property managers or building owners accustomed to manual control or permanent
roofing to transition to a smart automated system will be challenging in the beginning owing to
resistance and fear of technology failure.

2.Sensor Calibration and Installation:

Mounting sensors in best positions for correct readings is important. Inadequate calibration or
incorrect positioning can cause false triggering, compromising the reliability of the system and
users' trust in its automation.

3.Real-time Connectivity Issues:

IoT systems depend on stable internet or Wi-Fi connectivity to perform optimally. Flaky
connectivity can cause lag in cloud updates or remote control, impacting prompt roof responses
particularly during sudden changes in weather.

4.Security Risks:
Since the system stores environment and user information and allows remote control, it is
vulnerable to hacking or illegal access. Strong encryption and secure communication protocols
must be used.

5.Cross-Device Compatibility:
Making sure that the mobile or web interface works flawlessly on various screen sizes and devices
(Android, iOS, desktops) is often problematic, given the variation of user preferences.

6.Scalability for Larger Systems:

When used in large buildings or across many units, signal range, sensor coordination, and
communication at the controller level must be taken care of in order to scale efficiently.

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7.Maintenance and Technical Failures:
Sensors and actuators would suffer from wear and tear, particularly if exposed to the outdoors. It
is vital to perform regular maintenance to prevent failure, which could otherwise result in
inconvenience or damage to the structure.

8.Integration with Other Systems:

If the users wish the roofing system to be integrated with home automation, weather APIs, or voice
assistants, it adds complexity to compatibility, firmware updates, and cross-platform
communication.

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 CHAPTER 3
EXPERIMENTATION AND RESULTS

3.1 EXPERIMENTATION
Objective:
Develop an inexpensive IoT smart roof system that will open when dry and close during rainfall
automatically, and has real-time status feedback using Blynk or simple web dashboard.

1. Hardware Items Used:

● NodeMCU ESP8266 (Wi-Fi capable microcontroller)
● Rain sensor (YL-83 or FC-37)
● Servo Motor (SG90) – replicates roof motion
● Jumper wires
● Breadboard
● USB cable and 5V supply

2. Connection of the Circuit:

● Rain sensor AO pin → NodeMCU A0

● Servo signal pin → NodeMCU D4

● Power (3.3V/5V) and GND connected appropriately

3. Software and Tools:

● Arduino IDE for firmware programming
● Blynk App or Serial Monitor for debugging
● ESP8266WiFi and Servo.h libraries

4. Functionality Flow:
● NodeMCU keeps reading rain sensor values.
● If rain: Servo rotates to close roof (e.g., 0° to 90°).
● If dry: Servo rotates back to open roof.

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Sensor status and servo action are printed on Serial Monitor and sent to mobile using Blynk.

3.2 FLOW CHART

Figure 1: Flow Chart

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3.3 CODE
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <Servo.h>

// Replace with your WiFi credentials

const char* ssid = "YOUR_WIFI_SSID";
const char* password = "YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD";

Servo roofServo;
int rainSensorPin = A0;
int rainThreshold = 600; // Adjust based on sensor output
int servoPin = D4;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
roofServo.attach(servoPin);
roofServo.write(0); // Initial position (open)

WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
Serial.print("Connecting to WiFi...");
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("\nConnected!");
}

void loop() {
int rainValue = analogRead(rainSensorPin);
Serial.print("Rain Sensor Value: ");
Serial.println(rainValue);

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 if (rainValue < rainThreshold) {
// Rain detected
roofServo.write(90); // Close roof
Serial.println("Rain Detected: Roof Closed");
} else {
// No rain
roofServo.write(0); // Open roof
Serial.println("No Rain: Roof Open");
}

delay(2000); // Wait before rechecking

}

3.4 OUTPUT

Figure 2:Serial Monitor

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 CHAPTER 4
4.1 CONCLUSION
The Smart Roofing System based on the IoT provides an automated mechanism for roof
positioning control depending on weather conditions like rain, temperature, and humidity. With
sensors and real-time control systems integrated, the system provides greater convenience,
efficiency, and building protection through automatic adjustment of the roof position according to
weather conditions.

One of the most important features of the system is the rain detection feature, which initiates
automatic roof closure upon sensing rainfall to avoid damage and maintain the indoor space safe
and dry. The system employs a servo motor for accurate control of the roof to ensure the position
of the roof is smoothly adjusted according to sensor inputs.

The real-time features of the system, including rain detection and roof position adjustment, enable
immediate action without the need for manual intervention. The feedback offered on the serial
monitor also enables transparency in the operations of the system, where users are always aware
of the status of the system.

The combination of environmental sensors with the precision of the servo motor forms a fluid and
automated system for roofing. It minimizes human monitoring needs, improving both the
reliability and performance of the functionality of the roof.

In total, the IoT-based Smart Roofing System efficiently converts a conventional roofing
mechanism into an automated, smart system that can react to environmental changes. By making
the roof move automatically based on real-time weather information, the system not only provides
protection and convenience but also helps in energy efficiency and sustainability by minimizing
the use of mechanical systems.

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4.2 Future Scope

The future growth of the IoT-based Smart Roofing System has vast potential for building
automation and interaction with the environment. Some of the areas that can be focused on for
future development are:

1. Mobile App Integration: Creating mobile apps for Android and iOS platforms would allow users
to remotely control the roofing system. This would enable homeowners or building administrators
to check roof status, receive notifications, and modify the roof position remotely.

2. Sophisticated Weather Forecasting Integration: Integrating sophisticated weather forecasting

systems would enable the roofing system to foretell changes in weather prior to occurrence. By
forecasting rain, wind, or extreme temperatures, the system could pre-emptively adjust the roof,
offering even more protection and convenience.

3. Integration with Home Automation Systems: The smart roofing system would be integrated into
larger home or building automation systems so that it can interact with other smart appliances like
HVAC, lighting, and security systems. This way, the building will be equipped for any and all
environmental conditions and optimize energy consumption and comfort.

4. Cloud Connectivity and Data Analytics: Keeping sensor information in the cloud and processing
it through machine learning algorithms may assist in forecasting patterns in weather and roof
usage. Such a data-based system would be able to offer insights toward maximizing roof
performance and foretelling maintenance requirements, thereby maximizing the lifespan of the
system.

5. Increased Environmental Sensitivity: Subsequent versions of the system may be designed with
additional environmental sensors, including wind speed sensors, UV light sensors, and temperature
sensors. With more data being gathered, the system could make more holistic roof adjustments,
enhancing energy efficiency and building comfort.

21
6. Optimization of Energy Efficiency: By combining solar panels or energy-efficient materials
with the roofing structure, the smart roof might be able to contribute to energy conservation and
sustainable energy generation. This would not only make the system reactive to weather but also
proactive in terms of energy management.

7. Voice Control and Smart Assistants: The system could be integrated with voice assistants such
as Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant so that users can control the roof through easy voice
commands. This would be a hands-free operation that would offer increased ease of use and
accessibility.

8. Scalability for Larger Structures: It is possible to scale the system to bigger buildings or even
complexes with several roofs. With central control, building managers would be able to monitor
the status of several roofs and tweak settings across multiple structures from one interface.

In summary, with the advancement of IoT technologies, the possibilities of developing and
advancing the Smart Roofing System are immense. By incorporating mobile applications, cloud
computing, sophisticated weather forecasting, and other environmental sensors, the system can
develop into a critical part of smart building infrastructure. Its automation, energy efficiency, and
enhanced protection provide a smart solution for contemporary architectural designs, thus making
it an effective tool for residential and commercial buildings.

22
4.2 REFERENCES

[1] S. Yogesh, T.M Sreedhar and Ms. G. T. Bharathy, Rain Detection System using Arduino
and Rain Sensor, IJSRSET, (2021)
[2] Athaya Atsiq, Andryan Gunawan and Amin Alqudri Dwi Nugraha, Automatic Cloth
Drying using rain sensors and LDR sensors based on Arduino Uno, Yayasan Inovasi
Substantial Indonesia (SISIA), Vol. 1, 02, (2022)
[3] O.M. Oladumoye, Oluwatomi Adenike, Design and Construction of Automatic Sliding
Door using Infrared Sensor, CISDIAR, Vol. 5, 4, (2014)
[4] P. Sumit. Patil, Jignech. R. Dhabuwala and Liyakat Ali Patel, Automatic Sliding Window,
IJSR, (2015)
[5] Meher Dev Gudela, Athrav Kulkarni, Abhishek Dhotre, and Ksihtiz Shrimali, Design of
Automatic Umbrella curated through Water and Temperature Sensor, J Robot. Mechatron,
Vol. 4, 1, (2020)

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