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Vapour Power Cycles QA

The document discusses various vapour power cycles, including the Carnot and Rankine cycles, detailing their processes, efficiencies, and practical implications. It highlights the differences between these cycles, the effects of operating parameters on the Rankine cycle's performance, and introduces concepts like reheat cycles and regenerative cycles. Additionally, it differentiates between open and closed feedwater heaters, emphasizing their operational characteristics.

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8 views3 pages

Vapour Power Cycles QA

The document discusses various vapour power cycles, including the Carnot and Rankine cycles, detailing their processes, efficiencies, and practical implications. It highlights the differences between these cycles, the effects of operating parameters on the Rankine cycle's performance, and introduces concepts like reheat cycles and regenerative cycles. Additionally, it differentiates between open and closed feedwater heaters, emphasizing their operational characteristics.

Uploaded by

abhisheksabhigowda478
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vapour Power Cycles - Important Questions and Answers

1. What is a Carnot vapour power cycle? Discuss its performance.

The Carnot vapour power cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle consisting of:

1. Isothermal heat addition

2. Isentropic expansion

3. Isothermal heat rejection

4. Isentropic compression

Performance:

Efficiency = 1 - (T_L / T_H), where T_H is the high temperature and T_L is the low temperature.

It has the maximum possible efficiency but is not practical due to difficulty in achieving isothermal

processes.

2. Describe the simple Rankine cycle with T-S diagram and efficiency expression.

The Rankine cycle includes:

1. Isentropic compression in pump

2. Constant pressure heat addition in boiler

3. Isentropic expansion in turbine

4. Constant pressure heat rejection in condenser

Efficiency = [(h1 - h2) - (h4 - h3)] / (h1 - h4), where h1, h2, h3, h4 are enthalpies at various points.

3. Compare Carnot and Rankine cycles.

Carnot Cycle:

- Isothermal heat addition

- Maximum efficiency

- Not practical
Rankine Cycle:

- Constant pressure heat addition

- Lower efficiency than Carnot

- Widely used in power plants

4. What are the effects of operating parameters on the performance of the simple Rankine

cycle?

- Increasing boiler pressure increases efficiency but also increases moisture at turbine exit.

- Increasing condenser pressure decreases efficiency.

- Increasing superheat temperature increases work output.

- Reheating and regeneration improve efficiency.

5. Why does the simple Rankine cycle deviate from ideal cycles?

- Irreversibilities in turbine and pump

- Pressure and heat losses

- Non-ideal fluid properties

- Heat loss to surroundings

6. What is a Reheat cycle?

In the reheat cycle, steam expands in high-pressure turbine, is reheated, and then expands in

low-pressure turbine.

Advantages: Reduces moisture content and increases work output and efficiency.

7. Explain the Ideal Regenerative Cycle.

Uses feedwater heaters to preheat water using steam extracted from turbine.

Improves efficiency by reducing heat required in boiler.

8. Differentiate between open and closed feedwater heaters.


Open Feedwater Heater:

- Direct contact mixing

- Simple construction

- Easier to operate

Closed Feedwater Heater:

- No mixing

- Complex design

- Used at higher pressures

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