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Review Problems

The document contains sample problems related to random variables, covering discrete and continuous distributions, probability calculations, and statistical measures such as mean and standard deviation. It includes various scenarios involving binomial distributions, independent random variables, and expected values in different contexts. Each problem is presented with multiple-choice answers, testing understanding of concepts in probability and statistics.

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14 views4 pages

Review Problems

The document contains sample problems related to random variables, covering discrete and continuous distributions, probability calculations, and statistical measures such as mean and standard deviation. It includes various scenarios involving binomial distributions, independent random variables, and expected values in different contexts. Each problem is presented with multiple-choice answers, testing understanding of concepts in probability and statistics.

Uploaded by

joecalvinhobbes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 6: Random Variables SAMPLE PROBLEMS

1. Which of the following is a discrete random variable?

I. The average height of a randomly selected group of boys.


II. The annual number of sweepstakes winners from New York City.
III. The number of presidential elections in the 20th century.

(a) I only (b) II only (c) III only (d) I and II (e) II and III

2. The number of adults living in homes on a randomly selected city block is described by the following
probability distribution.

Number of adults, x 1 2 3 4 or more


P(x) 0.25 0.50 0.15 ??

What is the probability that 4 or more adults reside at a randomly selected home?

(a) 0.10 (b) 0.15 (c) 0.25 (d) 0.50 (e) not enough info to answer

3. The number of adults living in homes on a randomly selected city block is described by the following
probability distribution.

Number of adults, x 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.25 0.50 0.15 0.10

What is the standard deviation of the probability distribution?

(a) 0.50 (b) 0.62 (c) 0.79 (d) 0.89 (e) 2.10

4. Suppose X and Y are independent random variables. The variance of X is equal to 16; and the variance of Y is
equal to 9. Let Z = X – Y.

What is the standard deviation of Z?

(a) 2.65 (b) 5.00 (c) 7.00 (d) 25.0 (e) not enough info to answer

5. It has been estimated that about 30% of frozen chicken contain enough salmonella bacteria to cause
illness if improperly cooked. A consumer purchases 12 frozen chickens. What is the probability that
the consumer will have more than 6 contaminated chickens?

(a) .961 (b) .118 (c) .882 (d) .039 (e) .079
6. A company that ships crystal bowls claims that bowls arrived undamaged in 95% of the shipments. Let the
random variable G represent the number of shipments with undamaged bowls in 25 randomly selected shipments.
Random variable G follows a binomial distribution with a mean of 23.75 shipments and a standard deviation of
approximately 1.09 shipments. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the mean?

(a) Every shipment of 25 bowls will have 23.75 undamaged bowls.


(b) Every shipment of 25 bowls will have 23.75 damaged bowls.
(c) On average, the company receives 23.75 shipments before receiving the first shipment with a damaged bowl.
(d) For all possible shipments of size 25, the average number of damaged shipments is equal to 23.75.
(e) For all possible shipments of size 25, the average number of undamaged shipments is equal to 23.75.

7. In a particular game, a fair die is tossed. If the number of dots showing is either 4 or 5, you win $1. If the
number of dots showing is 6 you win $4, and if the number of dots showing is 1, 2, or 3, you win nothing. Let
X be the amount that you win. What would you expect to win?

(a) $0 (b) $1 (c) $2.50 (d) $4 (e) $6

8. Use the information from #7 to find the standard deviation of X.

(a) $1 (b) $1.35 (c) $1.41 (d) $1.78 (e) $2

9. Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Binomial distribution?

(a) All trials must be identical.


(b) All trials must be independent.
(c) Each trial must be classified as a success or a failure.
(d) The number of successes in the trials is counted.
(e) The probability of success is equal to .5 in all trials.

10. Cans of soft drinks cost $0.30 in a certain vending machine. What is the expected value and variance of
daily revenue (Y) from the machine, if X, the number of cans sold per day has E(X) = 125, and Var(X) = 50?

(a) E(Y) = 37.5, Var(Y) = 50


(b) E(Y) = 37.5, Var(Y) = 4.5
(c) E(Y) = 37.5, Var(Y) = 15
(d) E(Y) = 125, Var(Y) = 15
(e) E(Y) = 125, Var(Y) = 4.5

11. Which of the following counts would a binomial probability model be reasonable?

(a) The number of phone calls received in a one-hour period.


(b) The number of free throws it takes before Mrs. Wallace makes a basket.
(c) The number of defective items in a sample of 20 items pulled off an assembly line.
(d) All of the above.
12. Use the following information to answer the questions: about 9% of males are colorblind.

a) What is the probability that exactly 4 men out of the first 15 checked are colorblind?

b) What is the probability that a researcher won’t find anyone colorblind in all 15 men?

c) Find the probability that the first colorblind man is the 5th one checked.

13. According to a recent study, 22.8% of people in the US are vegetarians. 18 people are chosen at random.

a) Define what X will represent in this situation. Then determine if X is binomial.

b) What is the probability that exactly 10 of the 18 people are vegetarians?

c) What is the probability that less than 4 are vegetarians?

d) What is the probability that at least half are vegetarians?

e) Find the mean and standard deviation for X.

f) Could you use a Normal approximation to model this scenario? Why or why not?
14. Suppose the amount of propane needed to fill a customer’s tank is a random variable with a mean of
318 gallons and standard deviation of 42 gallons. Hank Hill is considering two pricing plans for propane:
Plan A would charge $2 per gallon. Plan B would charge a flat rate of $50 plus $1.80 per gallon.

a) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the distributions of money earned under each plan
assuming the distributions are Normal.

*b) Calculate the probability that Plan B would charge more than Plan A.

15. Steph Curry only misses 11% of all free throw shots he takes. Suppose he is in a free throw contest where he
keeps shooting until he misses one. Find each of the following:

a) probability he takes exactly five throws

b) probability he takes no more than five throws

c) probability he takes more than five throws

d) expected number of throws

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