Data Science

Data Science Project

✓ Forming teams and project planning
✓ Data exploration and analysis
✓ Presenting findings and conclusions

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning
To effectively form data science project teams, consider a mix of skills, including coding, statistics, data
visualization, data wrangling, and communication, with a focus on both technical expertise and business
understanding

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning
Team structures can be:
• Decentralized. Data science team members work within the individual business units they support.
This allows team members to closely collaborate with business executives and workers on data
science projects.
• Centralized. The data science function is consolidated at the enterprise level under a single manager,
who assigns team members to individual projects and oversees their work. This model more easily
allows for an enterprise-wide strategic view and uniform implementation of analytics best practices,
but it can limit the ability of team members to become experts in a particular area of the business.
• Hybrid. The data science team is managed centrally but members are assigned to work with specific
business operations and are accountable for helping those units reach their objectives to make data-
driven decisions. In hybrid structures, a center of excellence may also focus on promoting data
science best practices and standards. As with the decentralized model, resource constraints can be
an issue.
Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,
School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning
Project members
Data scientist. are the core members of a team. They use statistical methods, machine learning algorithms
and other tools to analyze data and create predictive models. Data scientists typically have a variety of skills
in areas such as mathematics, statistics, data wrangling, data mining, coding and predictive modeling, as
well as business knowledge and communication and collaboration skills. Increasingly, they also have
advanced data science degrees or graduate-level data science certifications.

Data analyst. A data analyst doesn't have the full skill set of a data scientist but can support data science
efforts. The main responsibilities of data analysts are to collect and maintain data from operational systems
and databases, use statistical methods and analytics tools to interpret the data, and prepare dashboards
and reports for business users.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning

Data engineer. Data engineers are responsible for building, testing and maintaining data pipelines; they
generally have a background in software engineering or computer science that suits their focus on the
technology infrastructure and data collection, management and storage. They also often work closely
with data scientists on data quality, data preparation and model deployment and maintenance tasks.

Data architect. A data architect designs and oversees the implementation of the underlying systems and
data infrastructure that the team uses. In some cases, a data engineer might also handle this role.

Machine learning engineer. Also sometimes called an AI engineer, this position works in conjunction
with data scientists to create, deploy and maintain the algorithms and models needed for machine
learning and AI initiatives.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning

Business analyst. In some cases, business analysts may be members of a data science team in their
regular role, which includes evaluating business processes and translating business requirements into
analysis plans -- areas in which they can help support the work of data scientists.
Data translator. also known as analytics translators -- act as a connection between data science teams
and business operations and help plan projects and translate the insights gleaned from data analytics
into recommended business actions.
Data visualization developer or engineer. They're tasked with creating data visualizations to make
information more accessible and understandable for business professionals. However, data scientists
and data analysts may handle this role themselves on some teams.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning
Project planning

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning
Step 1: Define Project Objectives and Scope
One of the most important tasks before diving into the technicalities, it's to clearly define the objectives and
scope of your data science project as it sets the foundation for all subsequent activities. It involves clarifying
the problem you intend to address, identifying the desired outcomes, and establishing the boundaries
within which the project will operate. Here's how to effectively execute this step:
1.Problem Definition: Clearly express the problem that your project aims to address. This could involve
improving efficiency, predicting trends, optimizing processes, or solving challenges within a particular
domain
2.Objectives: Set clear, measurable goals for the project, guiding efforts towards specific achievements.
Objectives must align with overall organizational goals, providing a roadmap for success and impactful
outcomes.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning
3.Scope: Determine the boundaries of your project by specifying what will be included and excluded.
Consider factors such as data availability, resource constraints, and time limitations when defining the
scope.
4.Key Deliverables: Identify the outcomes or results expected from your data science project. These may
encompass predictive models, visual representations of data, valuable insights, or actionable
suggestions to inform decision-making processes.
5.Audience: Identify the stakeholders and audience affected by or benefiting from your project, such as
decision-makers, experts, and relevant users.
Step 2: Gathering and Understanding Data Requirements
Data forms the foundation of any data science project. Understanding data requirements is fundamental
to the success of any data science project. It involves a thorough examination of identifying pertinent
sources, evaluating their quality, and determining their suitability to our project.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning
Step 3: Develop a project timeline
Breaking down the project into manageable tasks and creating a timeline with key milestones and
deadlines is crucial.
Allocating the right amount of time to each task promotes collaboration within the team.
Regular progress reviews ensure the project stays on track and adjustments can be made as needed.

This structured timeline ensures timely project completion while fostering collaboration and
accountability.
By adhering to the timeline persistently, the team can overcome obstacles and achieve project
objectives within the desired timeframe, setting the stage for success.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning
Step 4: Preprocessing and EDA (Exploratory Data Analysis)
Preprocessing steps are important steps that include data cleaning, transformation, and feature
engineering are essential for preparing the data for modeling. Preprocessing ensures that the data is in a
format that allows machine learning algorithms to learn patterns and relationships from it. These processes
ensure data accuracy and effectiveness in predictive analysis by refining and organizing the dataset to
facilitate meaningful insights and accurate model predictions.
Exploratory data analysis (EDA) is one of the important tasks that needs to be done before making any
model that involves examining and visualizing the dataset to uncover patterns, trends, and relationships
among variables. It encompasses techniques like univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, summary
statistics, data visualization, and correlation analysis to gain insights from the underlying patterns.
In EDA, visualization of a dataset is one of the steps that helps us to understand data visually. These visuals
can be histograms, box plots, and scatter plots which are commonly used to gain insights into the dataset's
characteristics. These techniques in eda aid in uncovering hidden patterns of data.
Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,
School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning

Step 5: Model Development and Evaluation

Now that we have a solid understanding of the data, we proceed to the development and training of
predictive models using various types of machine learning algorithms. This involves experimenting with
different modeling techniques and hyperparameters to optimize the performance of predictive models. By
exploring different algorithms like decision trees, random forests, K-nearest neighbor, and more, we aim to
determine which one of the algorithms is best suited to our dataset.
Once a model is developed, it's important to assess its performance using suitable evaluation metrics like
accuracy, precision, recall, mean squared error, or RMSE, depending on the problem's nature. Tuning
and optimizing the model helps to enhance its performance and generalization capabilities. This involves
adjusting hyperparameters, selecting the best algorithm, and improving features using feature engineering
techniques. Additionally, validation through cross-validation techniques ensures the model's robustness
and its capacity to perform well on new, unseen data.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning

Step 6: Deployment and Integration

Deployment involves putting a trained model into action, allowing us to predict new data.
Deploying the prototype to the production stage requires a lot of careful consideration of deployment
strategies and integration with existing systems. This includes packaging trained models into deployable
formats, such as APIs or containers, and integrating them into various production environments.

Deploying and integrating ensures that ML models can effectively contribute to decision-making
processes and further establish robust monitoring to ensure model performance and data integrity
post-deployment.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning

Step 7: Continuous Monitoring and Improvement

Just like other engineering projects data science projects are also iterative, with room for opportunities
for continuous improvement based on feedback and evolving requirements. As we work on them, we
learn new things and find better ways to do things done earlier in that project—monitoring model
performance in real-world scenarios and collecting feedback from end-users to identify areas for
further improvement. Also keeping yourself updated with the advancements in data science
techniques and technologies can help to incorporate the latest and best methods in our project.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning
Principles for Effective Data Science Project Management
• Clear Communication: Ensure open and transparent communication among team members and
stakeholders throughout all project phases. When everyone knows what’s going on, it’s easier to work
together and solve problems. It can be done by talking openly, listen carefully, and keep everyone
updated on what’s happening.
• Active Methodology: Hold liveliness by prioritizing iterative development, adapting to changes, and
delivering incremental value. Projects often don’t go exactly as planned, so it’s important to be able to
adapt. I can be achieved breaking big tasks into smaller ones, work on them in brief intervals and be
ready to adjust your approach as you go.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Forming teams and project planning

• Collaborative Environment: Work together as a team, sharing ideas and helping each other out, as
two heads are better than one! Collaboration makes projects stronger and more successful.
Necessary is to be open to others’ ideas, communicate openly, and support your teammates when
they need it.
• Documentation: Maintain comprehensive documentation of project processes, methodologies, and
findings helps to ensure reproducibility and facilitate knowledge transfer as it’s easy to forget things or
lose track of what you’ve done. Good documentation helps you remember and share your work with
others.
• Risk Management: Identify potential problems or challenges early in the project and develop
strategies to reduce the likelihood of their occurrence or minimize their impact if they do happen. It’s
better to be prepared for problems than to be caught off guard.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Data exploration and analysis

Data exploration is the first step in the journey of extracting insights from raw datasets. Data exploration
serves as the compass that guides data scientists through the vast sea of information. It involves getting to
know the data intimately, understanding its structure, and uncovering valuable nuggets that lay hidden
beneath the surface.
Data exploration plays a crucial role in data analysis because it helps you uncover hidden gems within
your data. Through this initial investigation, you can start to identify:
• Patterns and Trends: Are there recurring themes or relationships between different data points?
• Anomalies: Are there any data points that fall outside the expected range, potentially indicating
errors or outliers?

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Data exploration and analysis

key steps:
Data Understanding
•Familiarization: Get an overview of the data format, size, and source.
•Variable Identification: Understand the meaning and purpose of each variable in the dataset.
Data Cleaning
•Identifying Missing Values: Locate and address missing data points strategically (e.g., removal,
imputation).
•Error Correction: Find and rectify any inconsistencies or errors within the data.
•Outlier Treatment: Identify and decide how to handle outliers that might skew the analysis.
Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
•Univariate Analysis: Analyze individual variables to understand their distribution (e.g., histograms,
boxplots for numerical variables; frequency tables for categorical variables).

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Data exploration and analysis

•Bivariate Analysis: Explore relationships between two variables using techniques like scatterplots to
identify potential correlations.
Data Visualization
•Creating Visualizations: Use charts and graphs (bar charts, line charts, heatmaps) to effectively
communicate patterns and trends within the data.
•Choosing the Right Charts: Select visualizations that best suit the type of data and the insights you're
looking for.
Iteration and Refinement
•Iterate: As you explore, you may need to revisit previous steps.
•Refinement: New discoveries might prompt you to clean further, analyze differently, or create new
visualizations.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Data exploration and analysis

Importance of Data Exploration

• Trend Identification and Anomaly Detection: Data exploration helps uncover underlying trends and
patterns within datasets that might otherwise remain unnoticed. It facilitates the identification of
anomalies or outliers that could significantly impact decision-making processes. Detecting these
trends early can be critical for businesses to adapt, strategize, or take preventive measures.

• Ensuring Data Quality and Integrity: It is essential for spotting and fixing problems with data quality
early on. Through the resolution of missing values, outliers, or discrepancies, data exploration
guarantees that the information used in later studies and models is accurate and trustworthy. This
enhances the general integrity and reliability of the conclusions drawn.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Data exploration and analysis

• Foundation for Advanced Analysis and Modeling: Data exploration sets the foundation for more
sophisticated analyses and modeling techniques. It helps in selecting relevant features, understanding
their importance, and refining them for optimal model performance. Without a thorough exploration,
subsequent modeling efforts might lack depth or accuracy.
• Supporting Informed Decision-Making: By revealing patterns and insights, data exploration empowers
decision-makers with a clearer understanding of the data context. This enables informed and evidence-
based decision-making across various domains such as marketing strategies, risk assessment,
resource allocation, and operational efficiency improvements.
• Adaptability and Innovation: In a rapidly changing environment, exploring data allows organizations to
adapt and innovate. Identifying emerging trends or changing consumer behaviors through data
exploration can be crucial in staying competitive and fostering innovation within industries.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Data exploration and analysis

• Revealing Latent Insights: Often, valuable insights might be hidden within the data, not immediately
apparent. Through visualization and statistical analysis, data exploration uncovers these latent
insights, providing a deeper understanding of relationships between variables, correlations, or factors
influencing certain outcomes.
• Risk Mitigation and Compliance: In sectors like finance or healthcare, data exploration aids in risk
mitigation by identifying potential fraud patterns or predicting health risks based on patient data. It
also contributes to compliance efforts by ensuring data accuracy and adhering to regulatory
requirements.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Presenting findings and conclusions
Keys of Effective presentation
1. Audience Consideration: Who are you presenting to? Executives, data scientists, or
general audiences? What level of detail do they need? High-level insights or technical depth?
2. Clear Narrative Structure: A great data presentation follows a logical flow as,
Problem Statement: What issue are we solving?
Methodology: How was the data analyzed?
Findings: What did discover? Recommendations: What actions should be taken?
3. Effective Data Visualization:
Choose the right chart types: Avoid cluttered or misleading visuals.
Highlight key takeaways: Use annotations or callouts.
Keep it simple: Less is more when it comes to design.
4. Actionable Insights: Ensure results lead to decision-making.
Provide clear next steps based on findings.
Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,
School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Presenting findings and conclusions

Present findings Textual form • Qualitative classification: nationality, age, social

status, appearance etc. Quantitative classification:
count or number.
Tabular form
• Spatial classification: data on a city, state or region
etc.
Diagrammatic form
• Temporal classification: measure of time, including,
seconds, hours, days etc.

• Related images, architecture, Data

flow diagrams etc
• Bar graphs:
• Pie charts:

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon
 Data Science
Presenting findings and conclusions
Conclusion
• Begin by revisiting the original problem or research question that data analysis aimed to
address.
• Summarize Key Findings: Clearly state the main findings or insights derived from data analysis,
using concise and understandable language.
• Interpret the Findings: Explain what the findings mean in the context of the problem or research
question. What are the implications of these results?
• Highlight Limitations: Acknowledge any limitations of data, analysis methods, or conclusions.
This builds credibility and provides context for future research.
• Suggest Future Directions: Propose potential avenues for further research or action based on
findings.

Dr. Manisha S. Deshmukh,

School of Computer Sciences, KBCNMU, Jalgaon