Time Allowed: 2 hours

Maximum Marks: 50

General Instructions:

1. Please read the instructions carefully.

2. This Question Paper consists of 21 questions in two sections: Section A & Section B.
3. Section A has Objective type questions whereas Section B contains Subjective type questions.
4. Out of the given (5 + 16 =) 21 questions, a candidate has to answer (5 + 10 =) 15 questions in the
allotted (maximum) time of 2 hours.
5. All questions of a particular section must be attempted in the correct order.
6. Section A : objective type questions (24 marks):
This section has 05 questions.
Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.
There is no negative marking.
Do as per the instructions given.

7. Section B : subjective type questions (26 marks):

This section has 16 questions.
A candidate has to do 10 questions.
Do as per the instructions given.
Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.

Section A : Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions on Employability Skills. (1 x 4 = 4 marks)
(i) “Ravi Sharma’s meticulous planning and unwavering commitment to quality led his small bakery to
become a household name, in the city, celebrated for its delicious treats and exceptional customer
service”. Which self-managemeht skill is clearly visible in the given statement?
Answer:
The self-management skill clearly visible in the statement is goal setting and planning.

(ii) What is one of the most effective ways to protect a computer from viruses? [1]
(A) Regularly updating antivirus software
(B) Using outdated software
(C) Avoiding software updates
(D) Ignoring suspicious email attachments
Answer:
(A) Regularly updating antivirus software

Explanation:
Keeping antivirus software updated ensures it can detect and protect against the latest threats.

(iii) Assertion(A): In a free market, entrepreneurs bring change in technology, trends and markets.
Reason(R): Entrepreneurs are often at the forefront of technological innovation. [1]
(A) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is correct but R is not correct.
(D) A is not correct but R is correct.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
Entrepreneurs are catalysts for change in free markets, driving technological advancements, shaping
consumer trends and redefining market dynamics through their innovative endeavours. Their ability to
adapt, innovate and create value fuels economic progress and drives societal development.

(iv) _____ makes you complete work or studies without others cheering you. [1]
(A) Self-confidence
(B) Communication
(C) Self-motivation
(D) Self-esteem
Answer:
(C) Self-motivation

(v) ABC Corporation recently introduced a new project management software. A comprehensive email
was sent out by the management team to inform everyone of the developments. But workers said they
weren’t getting enough. help and were confused by the software’s interface. [1] Principle of effective
communication was most likely violated in this scenario is _____.
(A) Clarity and Conciseness
(B) Active Listening
(C) Feedback
(D) Non-verbal communication
Answer:
(A) Clarity and Conciseness

Explanation:
The employees’ confusion and lack of assistance suggest that the comprehensive information in the
email may not have been clear or concise enough for easy comprehension.

(vi) Lisa is part of a local NGO focusing on environmental conservation. She needs to engage the
community in
sustainable practices. What green skill is most crucial for Lisa to successfully involve the community? [1]
(A) Fundraising techniques
(B) Communication and outreach
(C) Data analysis
(D) Project management
Answer:
(B) Communication and outreach

Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. (1 × 5 = 5 marks)

Question 2.
(i) Assertion(A): Naturalistic intelligence is primarily useful for scientists.
Reason(R): Naturalistic intelligence helps individuals understand and categorise elements in nature. [1]
(A) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is correct but R is not correct.
(D) A is not correct but R is correct.
Answer:
(D) A is not correct but R is correct.

Explanation:
While naturalistic intelligence is indeed useful for understanding and categorising elements in nature, it is
not exclusively beneficial for scientists; it can be valuable in various fields and for anyone interacting with
the natural world.

(ii) When certain communities have limited access to Al-driven services due to socioeconomic status,
what is the primary ethical concern? [1]
(A) AI Bias
(B) AI Ethics
(C) AI Access
(D) Data Privacy
Answer:
(C) AI Access

(iii) Statement 1: The input layer of a neural network is where feature extraction occurs.
Statement 2: The output layer directly provides the final predictions after processing. [1]
(A) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct.
(B) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are incorrect.
(C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.
(D) Statement 2 is correct but Statement 1 is incorrect.
Answer:
(D) Statement 2 is correct but Statement 1 is incorrect.

Explanation:
The output layer provides final predictions based on processed data, while feature extraction typically
occurs in the hidden layers, not the input layer.

(iv) Complete the following statement: [1] Relationship between Model Complexity and Error Rate

When the model complexity increases, the _____ (training/test) error decreases.
Answer:
Training

(v) _____ is specifically designed to handle vast amounts of unstructured data? [1]
(A) SQL
(B) NoSQL
(C) PNG
(D) HTML
Answer:
(B) NoSQL

(vi) If the word ‘is’ appearing in all documents of a corpus and occurs multiple times, how should it be
classified? [1]
(A) Stop word
(B) Rare word
(C) Frequent word
(D) Removable word
Answer:
(A) Stop word

Explanation:
A stop word is a common word that typically does not carry significant meaning in the context of
information retrieval or natural language processing. Words like “is”, “the” and “and”.
Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1× 5 = 5 marks)
Question 3.
(i) Choose the examples that involve AI:
i. Camera with automatic focus feature
ii. Car’s automatic braking system using sensors
iii. TV displaying a channel based on user input
iv. Weather app predicting tomorrow’s forecast
(A) ii and iv
(B) i and iii
(C) ii, iii and iv
(D) i, ii and iv
Answer:
(A) ii and iv

(ii) In AI, _____ refers to the ability of a system to perceive its environment and take actions to maximise
its cftances of success.
Answer:
Autonomy

(iii) Which of the following is an example of data science in healthcare? [1]

(A) Disease diagnosis using patient records
(B) Virtual reality gaming
(C) Route optimisation for delivery services
(D) Speech-to-text conversion
Answer:
(A) Disease diagnosis using patient records

Explanation:
Data science is used in healthcare to analyse patient data for early disease detection and personalised
treatments.

(iv) _____ is the primary purpose of feature extraction in computer vision. [1]
(A Detecting colours
(B) Identifying key points in an image
(C) Reducing noise
(D) Image compression
Answer:
(B) Identifying key points in an image

Explanation:
Feature extraction involves identifying and isolating important visual elements or patterns in an image
that can be used for further analysis, such as classification, object recognition or image matching.

(v) Identify the chatbot type:

This chatbot uses natural language processing (NLP) to understand context and intent, allowing it to hold
meaningful conversations with users. [1]
Answer:
AI-Powered Chatbot

Explanation:
AI-powered chatbots utilise NLP to analyse user inputs, detect intent and provide relevant responses,
making them capable of dynamic and contextual conversations.

(vi) Precision is defined as the ratio of:

(A) True Positives to the total predicted positives
(B) True Positives to total actual positives
(C) True Negatives to total actual negatives
(D) False Positives to total predicted positives
Answer:
(A) True Positives to the total predicted positives

Explanation:
Precision quantifies the accuracy of positive predictions by indicating the proportion of correctly identified
positive cases out of all instances classified as positive, providing insights into the model’s reliability.

Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. (1 × 5 = 5 marks)

(i) Meera came across an AI approach where machines are able to improve their performance based on
experience or data. What is this learning method called? [1]
Answer:
Machine Learning (ML)

(ii) Statement 1: A true positive occurs when the model correctly predicts a positive outcome.
Statement 2: A false? negative occurs when the model correctly identifies a negative outcome. [1]
(A) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct.
(B) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are incorrect.
(C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.
(D) Statement 2 is correct but Statement 1 is incorrect.
Answer:
(C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.

Explanation:
A true positive indicates a correct positive prediction, while a false negative occurs when a positive
instance is incorrectly predicted as negative.

(iii) Rita is developing a model to predict housing prices based on location, size and amenities. She used
a dataset containing historical prices for training and another for evaluation. Which of the statements
given below is incorrect? [1]
(A) The dataset used for evaluation is known as Testing Data.
(B) Training Data is used to fit the model.
(C) Testing Data is typically larger than Training Data.
(D) The model’s performance is assessed using Testing Data.
Answer:
(C) Testing Data is typically larger than Training Data.

Explanation:
Generally, training data is larger than testing data to ensure the model learns adequately before being
evaluated on a smaller set.

(iv) What does the term ’resolution’ refer to in the context of images? [1]
Answer:
The number of pixels in the width and height of an image.

(v) Which NLP application is widely used for summarising long articles into short paragraphs? [1]
(A) Sentiment Analysis
(B) Text Clustering
(C) Automatic Summarization
(D) Tokenisation
Answer:
(C) Automatic Summarization

(vi) Nisha built a regression model to predict house prices. She used a very complex model with many
features, and it perfectly fit the training data. However, when tested on new data, the predictions were
wildly inaccurate. What evaluation technique issue does this represent? [1]
Answer:
Overfitting

Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. (1 × 5 = 5 marks)

Question 5.
(i) Meera created an application that predicts the weather by analysing historical climate data. Which
domain of AI does her project belong to? [1]
(A) Natural Language Processing
(B) Data Science
(C) Robotics
(D) Computer Vision
Answer:
Overfitting

(ii) What does the term “overfitting” refer to in machine learning? [1]
Answer:
A model that learns the training data too well, failing to generalise to new data.

(iii) _____ refers to the number of pixels in each dimension that can be displayed on a screen,
determining the
detail an image holds. [1]
(A) Pixel
(B) Resolution
(C) Color Depth
(D) Aspect Ratio
Answer:
(B) Resolution

Explanation:
Resolution is a measure of the pixel density in an image, expressed as width X height (e.g., 1920 X
1080). Higher resolution means more pixels and greater detail, impacting the clarity and sharpness of
the image.

(iv) What does “text normalisation” refer to in natural language processing? [1]
(A) The process of translating text into different languages.
(B) The process of converting text into a standard format.
(C) The analysis of grammatical structure
(D) The process of adding noise to text data
Answer:
(B) The process of converting text into a standard format.

Explanation:
Text normalisation involves standardising text data by removing inconsistencies, such as converting all
text to lowercase, removing punctuation and stemming or lemmatising words. This helps improve the
quality of data for analysis and modelling.

(v) What does ‘data preprocessing’ involve? [1]

(A) Analysing data trends
(B) Cleaning and transforming raw data
(C) Creating new data
(D) Running machine learning algorithms
Answer:
(B) Cleaning and transforming raw data
(vi) In the context of a confusion matrix, what does recall refer to? [1]
(A) True positives divided by the total predicted negatives
(B) True positives divided by the total actual positives
(C) True negatives divided by the total actual negatives
(D) False positives divided by the total predicted positives
Answer:
(B) True positives divided by the total actual positives

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions on Employability Skills. (2 × 3 = 6 marks)

Answer each question in 20-30 words.
Question 6.
How can clarity and precision benefit verbal communication? [2]
Answer:
Clear and precise verbal communication has several benefits. It minimises misunderstandings,
enhances understanding, builds credibility, facilitates decision¬making, strengthens relationships,
increases efficiency and reduces errors. Overall, it contributes to improved communication outcomes.

Question 7.
How traumatic events can lead the stress? [2]
Answer:
Traumatic events like natural disaster and car accidents are often completely out of our control. These
kinds of unpredictable and unforeseen events naturally create a lot of stress and even post-traumatic
stress disorder.

Question 8.
“Regular system updates are crucial for maintaining security against vulnerabilities and malware”.
What does ‘system updates’ mean in the context of protecting a computer from viruses? [2]
Answer:
In the context of protecting a computer from viruses, ‘system updates’ refer to the process of installing
patches and new versions of operating system software and applications. These updates fix security
vulnerabilities, improve system defences and help protect the computer from malware and other cyber
threats.

Question 9.
Entrepreneurship creates jobs. Is it true? [2]
Answer:
Yes, it is true. Many entrepreneurial adventures can provide a significant number of new job roles.
Entrepreneurs can create employment opportunities for themselves and others by starting new
businesses. Whether locally or remote, this can help reduce unemployment rates and improve the
overall economic well-being of the community.

Question 10.
Describe the key principle of economic viability in sustainable development. [2]
Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions in 20 – 30 words each (2 x 4 = 8 marks)
Answer:
Economic viability encourages economic growth that meets present needs without compromising the
ability of future generations. It involves promoting responsible and inclusive economic practices, such as
Fair-Trade Initiatives.

Question 11.
Online shopping platforms frequently request access to user location and purchase history. Why is this
data
important for these platforms? [2]
Answer:
To offer location-based promotions and recommendations, enhancing the shopping experience for users.
To analyse buying trends and optimise inventory management, ensuring better availability of products
that meet customer demand.

Question 12.
Ravi and Neela are building a recommendation system to suggest movies based on user preferences
without
explicit feedback. What approach should they use and why? [2]
Answer:
They should consider a collaborative filtering approach, a type of learning-based AI. This model can
analyse user behaviour and similarities to make recommendations, effectively grouping users with
similar tastes even without labelled data.

Question 13.
Ankush is analysing the data collected from social media for an AI application. What should he keep in
mind while doing this? [2]
Answer:
Data might be biased based on the platform’s user demographics, social media data often contains
unstructured text, which may need preprocessing.

Question 14.
Describe how resolution impacts object detection algorithms in computer vision. [2]
Answer:
Higher resolution images allow for better detection of small objects and more accurate bounding boxes.

Question 15.
Identify two stop words that should remain in the sentence: “If you want to learn more, please feel free to
ask questions or reach out for help” [2]
Answer:
“if” is crucial as it introduces a condition, making it clear that the offer for help depends on the desire to
learn more. “or” connects two options asking questions and reaching out—allowing for clarity in how
assistance can be sought.

Question 16.
If a spam detection algorithm results in 200 true positives, 100 false negatives, 50 true negatives and 25
false positives, draw the confusion matrix. [2]
Answer:

Predicted Positive/ Spam Predicted Negative/ Not spam

Actual Positive/Spam True Positives (TP): 200 False Negatives (FN): 100

Actual Negative/ Not spam False Positives (FP): 25 True Negatives (TN): 50

So, the confusion matrix is:

Predicted Positive Predicted Negative

Actual Positive 200 100

 Actual Negative 25 50

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 50-80 words each (4 × 3 = 12 marks)
Question 17.
Your aunt is curious about how AI helps in translating languages. How does AI understand and translate
one’ language into another? [4]
Answer:
Al-powered translation tools use machine translation to understand sentences in one language and
convert them into another. These systems are trained on millions of examples of translated text and use
deep learning to figure out the meaning of words in context. For example, Google Translate learns from
large amounts of data to provide accurate translations by understanding grammar, sentence structure
and idiomatic expressions.

Question 18.
Jamal is developing a predictive maintenance system for industrial machinery. Assist him with the
following:
(a) Why is data collection crucial in the AI project cycle?
(b) What role does model evaluation play in the AI project cycle? [4]
Answer:
(a) Data collection is essential as it provides the foundation for training models, ensuring they are
accurate and reliable. High-quality, relevant data enables the AI system to make informed predictions
and decisions.

(b) Model evaluation is vital to assess the performance and effectiveness of the AI solution against
established benchmarks. It helps identify areas for improvement and ensures that the model meets the
project’s goals before deployment.

Question 19.
Identify and explain the types of the learning-based approaches in the figures given below: [4]

Answer:
Figure 1: illustrates Supervised Learning: The unknown creature (possibly a lion cub) asks, “What am
I?” and the factory responds, “I think you’re a dog”. Here, the factory is trained to classify the creature
based on labelled examples (dogs and cats).

Figure 2 represents Unsupervised Learning: The factory admits, “I have no idea what you gave me, but I
can tell you these two on the left are different from the two on the right”. The factory isn’t provided with
labels but is capable of grouping similar entities together based on differences (dogs and cats).
Question 20.
A restaurant uses an Al-powered chatbot to take orders. When a customer asks for a “large cheese pizza
with extra sauce and no olives”, the chatbot processes the order as “a cheese pizza with olives”. What
went wrong, and how can AI systems better handle detailed requests? [4]
Answer:
The AI chatbot may have misunderstood or incorrectly processed the modifiers in the order, specifically
“no olives”. NLP models sometimes struggle with negation and complex instructions when multiple
requests are made in one sentence. In this case, the AI might have focused on the ingredients
mentioned without recognising the negation. To improve, AI systems need to be trained to handle such
detailed, multi-part requests more accurately, by recognising key phrases that modify or negate certain
elements of the order, thus avoiding mistakes like this.

Question 21.
A sentiment analysis model is trained to classify customer reviews as positive or negative. The confusion
matrix is:
Answer:

Reality: Positive Reality: Negative

Prediction: Positive 55 25

Prediction: Negative 15 105

(i) Calculate the total number of false positives (FP).

Answer:
False Positives (FP) = 25

(ii) What is the precision and FI score?

Answer:
55 55
Precision = 55+25 = 80 = 0.6875
0.6875×0.785
FI Score 2 = 0.6875+0.785 ≈ 0.733