Lesson 11: UI/UX

Design Principles
and Best Practices

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About this lesson
Lesson 11: UI/UX Design Principles and Best Practices
● What are the 7 user experience (UX) Design principles?
● Utilizing User Interviews
● User-centric architecture, wireframes and mockups
● UI/UX & AI-Integrated Design Trends
● Summary

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The 7 UX Design Principles

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What are the 7 user experience (UX) Design principles?

The 7 principles of design that all designers should follow are:

● User-centricity
● Consistency
● Hierarchy
● Context
● User control
● Accessibility
● Usability

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User-centricity
● User-centricity is the foundation of
UX design.
● Focuses on solving real user
problems.
● UX decisions should be based on
user needs and research.
● Example: A redesigned ketchup
bottle for better usability.
● Ensures user satisfaction while
balancing business goals.

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Consistency
● Consistency ensures a seamless user
experience.
● Design should be uniform across all
pages, screens, and products.
● Visuals (buttons, icons, fonts) and
tone should remain consistent.
● Align with user expectations based
on similar products.
● Reduces learning curve and enhances
usability.

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Hierarchy
● Hierarchy shapes user navigation and
determines ease of use.
● Two types of hierarchy:
● Information Architecture: Overall
structure and organization (site/app
navigation).
● Visual Hierarchy: Layout of individual
elements on a page or screen.
● Important elements should be more
prominent (size, color, position).
● Helps users find key information quickly
and improves user experience.

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Context
● Design should consider the user's
environment and circumstances.
● Key factors to evaluate:
● Devices used (desktop, mobile, tablet).
● User location (home, office, on the go).
● External distractions (noise, movement).
● User's emotional state (frustrated, relaxed,
in a hurry).
● Optimizing for different contexts
improves user experience.

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User control
● Users should have control over their interactions.
● Key principle from Jakob Nielsen’s usability
heuristics:
● Provide an "emergency exit" for mistakes.
● Balancing AI automation with user control:
● Allow users to override AI decisions.
● Example: Autocorrect errors in messaging apps.
● Ways to enhance user control:
● Undo & Redo options.
● Cancel buttons for unwanted actions.
● Clearly labeled alternative actions.

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Accessibility
● Accessibility ensures products are usable for
all.
● Consider users with disabilities and
situational challenges.
● Key accessibility practices:
● High color contrast for readability.
● Screen reader compatibility.
● Keyboard navigation support.

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Usability

● Usability = How easy a product is to use.

● Five key usability components:
● Learnability: Can users understand it quickly?
● Efficiency: Can tasks be completed easily?
● Memorability: Is it easy to recall after time
away?
● Errors: Can mistakes be corrected easily?
● Satisfaction: Is the experience enjoyable?

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Summary of UX Design Principles
● ✅ User-Centricity – Design for the user's needs and problems.
● ✅ Consistency – Maintain uniform design and functionality.
● ✅ Hierarchy – Organize information for easy navigation.
● ✅ Context – Consider how and where users interact with the product.
● ✅ User Control – Allow users to correct mistakes easily.
● ✅ Accessibility – Ensure usability for diverse users, including those with
disabilities.
● ✅ Usability – Make the product easy to learn, efficient, and satisfying.

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Utilizing User Interviews

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User Interviews in UX Research
User interviews are a key method in UX research, especially during the
discovery phase of a project. Designers, developers, or project managers
ask targeted questions to understand user needs and validate product
ideas.
By interviewing the right participants based on user personas, teams
gain insights into challenges and requirements, ensuring the final
product truly meets user expectations.

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Conducting Effective UX Interviews
● Identify Target Users – Ensure interviewees represent your
personas.
● Conduct Individual Interviews – One-on-one format
encourages honest feedback.
● Analyze Competitor Reviews – Learn from strengths and
weaknesses of competitors.
● Investigate Core Product Metrics – Use data insights to
enhance user experience.

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Conducting Effective UX Interviews
To maximize interview success, UX designers should follow a structured
approach:
● Choose participants that represent the target user for accurate insights.
● Conduct one-on-one interviews to avoid group bias and ensure open
discussions.
● Research competitor product reviews to pinpoint gaps and opportunities.
● Analyze core product metrics to identify user behavior patterns and pain
points.
A combination of qualitative interviews and quantitative data analysis
ensures a well-rounded understanding of user needs.

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User-Centric Architecture,
Wireframes and Mockups

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User-Centric Architecture & Design
In modern software development, user experience (UX) plays a crucial role in shaping
how applications function and interact with users. To build resilient and scalable
systems, developers must align architectural patterns with user needs, ensuring
flexibility and adaptability.
This presentation explores key concepts such as:
● User-Centric Architecture – Designing adaptable systems that evolve based on
user preferences and behaviors.
● Architectural Patterns – Understanding microservices vs. monolithic
architectures and how they impact user experience.
● Wireframes & Mockups – The importance of visual planning to streamline
development, improve collaboration, and enhance usability.
By integrating user-centric principles into system architecture and UI design, we can
create seamless, efficient, and engaging applications that truly meet user needs.

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User-Centric Architecture

● Adaptable architectural patterns ensure flexibility

and scalability in systems.
● Architecture aligns with user-centric design
through persona integration, CJM (Customer
Journey Mapping), personalization, and
responsive UI.

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Architectural Patterns

● Microservices: Small, independent services

with loosely coupled, deployable
components.
● Monoliths: A tightly integrated system
where UI, business logic, and data access
layers work as one unit.
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Wireframes and Mockups

● Serve as visual roadmaps, helping teams

align on design and functionality.
● Focus on user experience without
unnecessary visual distractions.
● Facilitate early feedback and iterative
improvements before full development.
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Importance of Wireframes & Mockups

● Helps in stakeholder communication and

approval.
● Acts as a developer’s guide, reducing
misunderstandings.
● Can be used for marketing to attract early
adopters.
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UI/UX & AI-Integrated
Design Trends

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UI/UX & AI-Integrated Design Trends in 2024

In 2024, UI/UX design is evolving rapidly with

AI-driven innovations shaping user
experiences like never before. Designers are
leveraging artificial intelligence to create
personalized, efficient, and intuitive digital
interactions.
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What’s Driving the Change?

● ✔ AI-powered automation & personalization

● ✔ Seamless voice & gesture-based
interfaces
● ✔ Hyper-realistic immersive experiences
(AR/VR)
● ✔ Inclusive & accessible design
advancements
● ✔ Adaptive dark mode & dynamic UI
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AI-Powered Automation & Personalization

● AI is being used to automate repetitive tasks in design and

improve user experiences by making them more personalized.
● Apps and websites adapt to user preferences, offering tailored
recommendations based on past behavior.
Examples:
● Netflix suggests movies based on your watch history.
● E-commerce websites recommend products based on your
shopping habits.
● Chatbots and AI assistants provide real-time support without
human intervention.
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Seamless Voice & Gesture-Based Interfaces

● Users can interact with digital interfaces through voice commands or

hand gestures, reducing the need for touch-based interactions.
● AI-powered voice assistants like Siri, Google Assistant, and Alexa
make it easier to access information hands-free.
Examples:
● Smart home devices (Google Home, Amazon Echo) responding to
voice commands.
● Gesture controls in smartphones (e.g., swipe without touching the
screen).
● AI-powered customer service bots using voice recognition.

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Hyper-Realistic Immersive Experiences (AR/VR)

● Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) create

immersive user experiences by blending digital content with
the real world.
● AI improves AR/VR experiences by making them more
interactive and adaptive.
Examples:
● AR filters on Instagram and Snapchat.
● VR training simulations for medical professionals and pilots.
● AI-driven AR shopping experiences (e.g., trying on clothes
virtually).
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Inclusive & Accessible Design Advancements

● Inclusive design ensures that digital experiences are accessible to

users with disabilities, different languages, and various levels of tech
literacy.
● AI is helping improve screen readers, voice recognition, and haptic
feedback for better accessibility.
Examples:
● AI-powered screen readers converting text to speech for visually
impaired users.
● Automatic captioning and translations on video platforms like
YouTube.
● Dark mode and high-contrast options for users with light sensitivity.

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Adaptive Dark Mode & Dynamic UI Elements

● Users now prefer customizable UI experiences, including dark

mode options and adaptive themes that adjust based on
lighting conditions.
● AI can automatically switch UI elements depending on the time
of day, user activity, or device settings.
Examples:
● Dark mode on apps like Twitter, WhatsApp, and Instagram
reducing eye strain.
● AI-driven UI themes that change based on user preferences.
● Smart UI layouts that adjust dynamically for better readability.

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Why It Matters?

By blending AI with UI/UX, designers can

craft smarter, more engaging, and user-
friendly interfaces that adapt to individual
preferences and behaviors—enhancing
overall user satisfaction.

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 Summary

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Summary
By integrating UX design principles, user
research, and adaptable architectures, we can
build intuitive, scalable, and user-friendly
applications that enhance overall user
experience.

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References

● 7 fundamental user experience (UX) design principles all

designers should know (2024)
● UI/UX Design in 2024: trends, principles, and best
practices

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