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Automata Presentation

The document details the conversion of an Epsilon Non-deterministic Finite Automaton (ε-NFA) with states {q0, q1, q2, q3, q4} into an equivalent Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA). It outlines the steps including computing ε-closures, constructing the ε-NFA transition table, and using the subset construction method to derive the DFA, which results in three states: {q0, q1, q2}, {q3}, and {q4}. The final output includes transition tables for both the ε-NFA and DFA, ensuring the DFA accepts the same language as the original ε-NFA.

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9 views6 pages

Automata Presentation

The document details the conversion of an Epsilon Non-deterministic Finite Automaton (ε-NFA) with states {q0, q1, q2, q3, q4} into an equivalent Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA). It outlines the steps including computing ε-closures, constructing the ε-NFA transition table, and using the subset construction method to derive the DFA, which results in three states: {q0, q1, q2}, {q3}, and {q4}. The final output includes transition tables for both the ε-NFA and DFA, ensuring the DFA accepts the same language as the original ε-NFA.

Uploaded by

shihab.touhid777
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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### Problem Statement (Textual)

Given an Epsilon Non-deterministic Finite Automaton (ε-NFA) with a set of states {q0, q1,
q2, q3, q4}, where q0 is the start state and q4 is the accept state, the task is to convert
this ε-NFA into an equivalent Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA). The ε-NFA includes
ε-transitions, which allow transitions between states without consuming any input
symbols, as well as regular transitions on the input symbols 0 and 1. The alphabet for the
automaton is {0, 1}. The specific transitions for the ε-NFA are as follows:

- ε-transitions from q0 to q1 and from q0 to q2.


- Transition on input 0 from q1 to q3.
- Transition on input 1 from q2 to q3.
- Transition on input 1 from q3 to q4.

The conversion process requires computing the ε-closures for each state, constructing
the transition table for the ε-NFA, and deriving the transition table for the DFA using the
subset construction method. The final output must include the transition tables for both
the ε-NFA and the DFA, along with the ε-closure calculations for all states, ensuring the
resulting DFA accepts the same language as the given ε-NFA.

### Step-by-Step Process of Conversion from ε-NFA to DFA

#### Step 1: Compute ε-Closures


The ε-closure of a state is the set of all states reachable from that state via ε-transitions,
including the state itself. Let's compute the ε-closures for each state based on the given
transitions:

- **ε-closure(q0)**:
- Start with q0.
- From q0, there are ε-transitions to q1 and q2.
- No further ε-transitions exist from q1 or q2.
- Thus, ε-closure(q0) = {q0, q1, q2}.

- **ε-closure(q1)**:
- Start with q1.
- No ε-transitions from q1.
- Thus, ε-closure(q1) = {q1}.

- **ε-closure(q2)**:
- Start with q2.
- No ε-transitions from q2.
- Thus, ε-closure(q2) = {q2}.

- **ε-closure(q3)**:
- Start with q3.
- No ε-transitions from q3.
- Thus, ε-closure(q3) = {q3}.

- **ε-closure(q4)**:
- Start with q4.
- No ε-transitions from q4.
- Thus, ε-closure(q4) = {q4}.

#### Step 2: Transition Table for ε-NFA


The transition table for the ε-NFA represents the possible next states for each current
state under the inputs 0, 1, and ε-transitions. Based on the given transitions, the table is
as follows:

| State | ε |0 |1 |
|-------|-----------|------|------|
| q0 | {q1, q2} | ∅ |∅ |
| q1 |∅ | {q3} | ∅ |
| q2 |∅ |∅ | {q3} |
| q3 |∅ |∅ | {q4} |
| q4 |∅ |∅ |∅ |

- **Notes**:
- **q0**: Has ε-transitions to q1 and q2, no transitions on 0 or 1.
- **q1**: Transitions to q3 on 0, no transition on 1, no ε-transitions.
- **q2**: Transitions to q3 on 1, no transition on 0, no ε-transitions.
- **q3**: Transitions to q4 on 1, no transition on 0, no ε-transitions.
- **q4**: No transitions defined for any input or ε.
- ∅ represents the empty set, indicating no transition for that input.

#### Step 3: Subset Construction for DFA


To convert the ε-NFA to a DFA, we use the subset construction method. Each DFA state is
a set of ε-NFA states, and we start with the ε-closure of the start state, then compute
transitions for each input symbol (0 and 1).

- **Initial DFA State**:


- Start with the ε-closure of q0: {q0, q1, q2}.
- This is the start state of the DFA, denoted as A = {q0, q1, q2}.

- **Transitions from A = {q0, q1, q2}**:


- **On input 0**:
- From q0: No transition on 0.
- From q1: Transitions to q3 on 0.
- From q2: No transition on 0.
- Resulting states = {q3}.
- ε-closure({q3}) = {q3}.
- New DFA state B = {q3}.
- **On input 1**:
- From q0: No transition on 1.
- From q1: No transition on 1.
- From q2: Transitions to q3 on 1.
- Resulting states = {q3}.
- ε-closure({q3}) = {q3}.
- New DFA state B = {q3} (same as on 0).

- **Transitions from B = {q3}**:


- **On input 0**:
- From q3: No transition on 0.
- Resulting states = ∅.
- ε-closure(∅) = ∅ (no new state generated yet).
- **On input 1**:
- From q3: Transitions to q4 on 1.
- Resulting states = {q4}.
- ε-closure({q4}) = {q4}.
- New DFA state C = {q4}.

- **Transitions from C = {q4}**:


- **On input 0**:
- From q4: No transition on 0.
- Resulting states = ∅.
- **On input 1**:
- From q4: No transition on 1.
- Resulting states = ∅.

- **Handling ∅**:
- In a complete DFA, every state must have a transition for each input symbol.
Transitions to ∅ indicate no reachable states, typically leading to a dead state (e.g., D =
∅) where D transitions to itself on 0 and 1. However, for simplicity and following the
provided descriptions, we can list ∅ as "no transition" in the table without explicitly
including it as a state unless required.

- **DFA States Generated**:


- A = {q0, q1, q2} (start state).
- B = {q3}.
- C = {q4}.
- No new states arise from further transitions.

- **Accept States**:
- A DFA state is accepting if it contains an accept state from the ε-NFA (q4).
- {q0, q1, q2}: Does not contain q4, not accepting.
- {q3}: Does not contain q4, not accepting.
- {q4}: Contains q4, accepting.

#### Step 4: Transition Table for DFA


Based on the subset construction, the DFA transition table is:

| DFA State |0 |1 |
|--------------|------|------|
| {q0, q1, q2} | {q3} | {q3} |
| {q3} |∅ | {q4} |
| {q4} |∅ |∅ |

- **Notes**:
- **Start State**: {q0, q1, q2}.
- **Accept State**: {q4}.
- ∅ indicates no transition for that input symbol, implying rejection if the DFA reaches
this point (alternatively, a dead state could be added for completeness, but it’s not
required here per the problem context).

### Final Output

#### Transition Table for ε-NFA


| State | ε |0 |1 |
|-------|-----------|------|------|
| q0 | {q1, q2} | ∅ |∅ |
| q1 |∅ | {q3} | ∅ |
| q2 |∅ |∅ | {q3} |
| q3 |∅ |∅ | {q4} |
| q4 |∅ |∅ |∅ |

#### Epsilon Closures


- ε-closure(q0) = {q0, q1, q2}
- ε-closure(q1) = {q1}
- ε-closure(q2) = {q2}
- ε-closure(q3) = {q3}
- ε-closure(q4) = {q4}

#### Transition Table for DFA


| DFA State |0 |1 |
|--------------|------|------|
| {q0, q1, q2} | {q3} | {q3} |
| {q3} |∅ | {q4} |
| {q4} |∅ |∅ |

- **Start State**: {q0, q1, q2}


- **Accept State**: {q4}

### Summary
The ε-NFA with states {q0, q1, q2, q3, q4}, start state q0, and accept state q4 has been
successfully converted to an equivalent DFA. The process involved computing
ε-closures, constructing the ε-NFA transition table, and applying the subset construction
method to derive the DFA. The resulting DFA has three states: {q0, q1, q2}, {q3}, and {q4},
with {q0, q1, q2} as the start state and {q4} as the accept state. The transition tables and
ε-closures provided ensure that the DFA accepts the same language as the original
ε-NFA, effectively handling the elimination of ε-transitions.

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