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MET 223 (2022 Fall)

The lecture covers the principles of materials engineering, focusing on crystal structures and Bravais lattices, which describe the arrangement of atoms in crystals. It explains the concept of unit cells, coordination numbers, and atomic packing factors for various crystal structures, including FCC, BCC, and HCP. Additionally, it includes a homework problem related to calculating the radius of a palladium atom based on its FCC structure and density.

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Sevim Köse
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4 views17 pages

MET 223 (2022 Fall)

The lecture covers the principles of materials engineering, focusing on crystal structures and Bravais lattices, which describe the arrangement of atoms in crystals. It explains the concept of unit cells, coordination numbers, and atomic packing factors for various crystal structures, including FCC, BCC, and HCP. Additionally, it includes a homework problem related to calculating the radius of a palladium atom based on its FCC structure and density.

Uploaded by

Sevim Köse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MET 223

Principles of Materials Engineering


Lecture #3

Instructor : Dr. Derya K. Yavuz


Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Eng.

Office : ME/MET Main Building, 1/4


E-mail : [email protected]
Phone : +90 (342) 360 1200-3906

1
Crystal Structure and Bravais Lattice
A crystal structure is made of atoms. A crystal lattice is made of points.
A crystal system is a set of axes. In other words, the structure is
an ordered array of atoms, ions or molecules.

DOI:10.1557/mrs2001.254

TEM image of a hexagonal superlattice grown from 8-nm mt-fcc Co NPs with no applied magnetic field.

Bravais Lattice refers to the 14 different 3-dimensional configurations


into which atoms can be arranged in crystals.
7 crystal structures
4 cell types

+ =14
Why? 2
https://byjus.com/chemistry/bravais-lattice/
Unit cell representation
Lattice: A 3D array of points in space coinciding with atom
positions (or sphere centers)

Unit cell: The smallest group of atoms which has the


overall symmetry of a crystal, and from which the entire
lattice can be built up by repetition in 3D. Diffe
are p
the u
1.An
2.Tra

IN TH
TO S
(a=b
(a=b
660 °C
CUB
(mos
Parameters describing the
unit cells are
1. Angles
2. Translation factors
(Dimensions)
3
Unit cell representation

The FCC crystal structure: (a) hard-sphere unit cell representation, (b) a reduced
sphere unit cell, and (c) an aggregate of many atoms

660 °C

The BCC crystal structure: (a) hard-sphere unit cell representation, (b) a reduced 4
sphere unit cell, and (c) an aggregate of many atoms
14 Bravais Lattices

Primitive Base-
(simple) centered

660 °C Body
Face-
(volume) -
centered
centered

5
14 Bravais Lattices
14 crystal systems (not 7*4=28)
WHY?

660 °C

6
Cubic Structure

Simple (P) Body-centered (bcc) Face-centered (fcc)

2 atoms/unit cell 4 atoms/unit cell


1 atom/unit cell
Examples: Fe(a), Cr, Mo Examples: Cu, Al, Ag, Au
Example: Po 660 °C

7
Coordination number

Simple (P)
CN is the
number of
nearest
neighbors to an
atom/ion.
Coordination # = 6

Body-centered (bcc) Face-centered (fcc)

660 °C
R

Coordination # = 8 Coordination # = 12

8
Close Packing of Atoms

-FCC and HCP has close-packed crystal structures.


-Stacking of atomic layers:

APF = 0.74
(both) 660 °C

Most efficient packing of equal sized spheres.

9
Hexagonal Close Packing (HCP)

Coordination # = 12

660 °C

10
Atomic Packing Factor (APF)

660 °C

11
Atomic Packing Factor: BCC

660 °C

12
Atomic Packing Factor: FCC

660 °C

13
Atomic Packing Factor: SC

660 °C

14
Theoretical Density

660 °C

15
Theoretical Density

660 °C

16
Homework

Calculate the radius of palladium atom given that Pd has


FCC structure with density of 12.0 g/cm3 and an atomic
weight of 106.4 g/mol.

660 °C

R=13 nm
17

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