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Lecture-2 - Fatigue

The document discusses fatigue failure, detailing stress parameters such as minimum and maximum stress, midrange and amplitude components, and the fatigue life represented by S-N diagrams. It outlines the endurance limit for UNS G41300 steel and factors that modify this limit, including surface condition, size, load, temperature, reliability, and miscellaneous effects. Additionally, it covers stress concentration and notch sensitivity, along with various fatigue failure criteria for fluctuating stress.

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7 views12 pages

Lecture-2 - Fatigue

The document discusses fatigue failure, detailing stress parameters such as minimum and maximum stress, midrange and amplitude components, and the fatigue life represented by S-N diagrams. It outlines the endurance limit for UNS G41300 steel and factors that modify this limit, including surface condition, size, load, temperature, reliability, and miscellaneous effects. Additionally, it covers stress concentration and notch sensitivity, along with various fatigue failure criteria for fluctuating stress.

Uploaded by

abdozaghloul828
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture two

Fatigue Failure
σmin = minimum stress
σmax = maximum stress

σm = midrange component

σa = amplitude component

σr = range of stress Sinusoidal fluctuating stress

R= the stress ratio


A = the amplitude ratio
Completely reversed sinusoidal stress Repeated stress
Fatigue-Life
The fatigue life is the number of stress cycles to failure An S-N diagram is the fatigue
strength, life diagram plotted from the results of completely reversed axial fatigue tests.

Material: UNS G41300 steel, normalized; Sut = 125 kpsi


The graph appears to suggest that the endurance limit ranges from about 40 to 60 percent of
the tensile strength for steels up to about 1450 Mpa (210 kpsi). Beginning at about Sut = 1450
MPa, the scatter appears to increase, but the trend seems to level off, as suggested by the
dashed horizontal line at S’e = 700 MPa (105 kpsi).

S′e = 0.5Sut
if Sut ≤ 1400MPa (200 kpsi)

S′e = 700 MPa (100 kpsi)


if Sut > 1400 Mpa (200 kpsi)
Endurance Limit Modifying Factors

Se = ka kb kc kd ke kf S′e
ka = surface condition modification factor
kb = size modification factor
kc = load modification factor
kd = temperature modification factor
ke = reliability factor
kf = miscellaneous-effects modification factor
S′e = rotary-beam test specimen endurance limit
Se = endurance limit at the critical location of a machine part in the geometry
and condition of use
When endurance tests of parts are not available estimations are made
by applying the earlier relations to the endurance limit (S′e = 0.5Sut ....) .
ka = a Sbut

Size Factor kb
For bending and torsion loading (d in millimetre)
kb = 1.24 d−0.107 for 2.79 ≤ d ≤ 51 mm
kb = 1.51 d−0.157 for 51 < d ≤ 254 mm
For axial loading there is no size effect kb = 1
When a round bar in bending is not rotating, or when a noncircular cross section is used
employs an effective dimension de obtained by equating the volume of material stressed at and
above 95 percent of the maximum stress to the same volume in the rotating-beam
specimen
de = 0.37 d
A rectangular section of dimensions h × b has
de = 0.808 (hb)1/2
Loading Factor kc Miscellaneous-Effects Factor kf
The factor kf is proposed to account for the reduction in
kc = 1 for bending load endurance limit due to all other effects as Residual stresses,
kc = 0.85 for axial load Corrosion, stress-concentration, .....
kc = 0.59 for torsion load

Reliability Factor ke Temperature Factor kd


kd = ST / SRT
Stress Concentration and Notch Sensitivity

The factor Kf is commonly called a fatigue stress-concentration factor

Kf = 1 + q(Kt − 1) or Kf s = 1 + qshear(Kts − 1)

q = Notch sensitivity
Kt (or Kts ) = Stress concentration factor
Fatigue Failure Criteria for Fluctuating Stress
The criterion equation for the Soderberg line is

Similarly, we find the modified Goodman relation to be

The Gerber failure criterion is written as

The ASME-elliptic is written as

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