I.K.

GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY KAPURTHALA

LAB FILE
ON
CLOUD COMPUTING
Submitted for
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Session 2022-26
SUBMITTED TO – SUBMITTED BY-
Ms Jappreet Kaur DEEPESH (2224347)
Group 6 B

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

I.K. GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY KAPURTHALA
JANUARY-JUNE 2025

CLOUD COMPUTING
1
 1. What is Cloud Computing?
 Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing services such as servers, storage,
databases, networking, software, and more over the Internet.
 It enables users to access technology services on-demand without owning physical
hardware.
 It follows a pay-as-you-go model, meaning you only pay for what you use.
 Common examples include using Google Drive for file storage or hosting a website on
AWS instead of a physical server.

2. Cloud Deployment Models

 Public Cloud: Owned and operated by third-party providers. Resources are shared among
multiple customers. Accessed via the internet. Examples: AWS, Azure, GCP.
 Private Cloud: Used exclusively by one organization. Can be on-premise or hosted
externally. Offers more control and privacy.
 Hybrid Cloud: Combines public and private clouds. Allows data and applications to
move between them. Offers both flexibility and security.

3. Cloud Service Models

 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides virtual machines, storage, networks. Users
manage OS and apps. Examples: AWS EC2, Azure VMs.
 Platform as a Service (PaaS): Platform for customers to develop, run, and manage apps.
No need to manage infrastructure. Examples: Heroku, Google App Engine.
 Software as a Service (SaaS): Software applications delivered via the internet. Examples:
Gmail, Microsoft 365, Dropbox.

4. Benefits of Cloud Computing

 Cost Efficiency: Pay only for used resources.
 Scalability: Easily scale resources up or down.
 Speed: Services can be deployed in minutes.
2
 Global Access: Access from anywhere with internet.
 Performance: Fast, secure, and regularly updated infrastructure.
 Disaster Recovery: Backup and failover capabilities.
 Automatic Software Updates: No manual updates required.
 Productivity: Frees up IT teams from infrastructure management.

5. Security in Cloud Computing

 Data Encryption: Protects data at rest and in transit.
 Identity and Access Management (IAM): Controls who accesses what resources.
 Firewalls and Network Security: Prevents unauthorized access.
 Compliance: Adheres to standards like GDPR, HIPAA, ISO 27001.
 Monitoring Tools: Tracks real-time activity to detect threats.
 Physical Security: Data centers have surveillance and strict access controls.

6. Use Cases of Cloud Computing

 Web Hosting: Hosting websites or apps on cloud servers.
 Data Storage and Backup: On-demand scalable storage.
 Software Development: Platforms for developing and testing apps.
 Big Data Analytics: Process large datasets efficiently.
 Streaming Services: Netflix and Spotify run on the cloud.
 Online Education: Content hosting, LMS, video conferencing.
 AI and Machine Learning: Cloud-based tools for training models.
 Business Applications: CRM, ERP, HR systems using SaaS.

7. Popular Cloud Providers

 Amazon Web Services (AWS): Compute, storage, AI, ML, analytics.
 Microsoft Azure: Enterprise tools, databases, development platforms.

3
 Google Cloud Platform (GCP): Big data, AI, open-source tools.
 IBM Cloud: AI, hybrid cloud, enterprise services.
 Oracle Cloud: Strong database and analytics services.

8. Cloud Enabling Technologies

 Virtualization: Creates virtual instances of hardware using hypervisors.
 Containers: Lightweight isolated environments (e.g., Docker).
 Kubernetes: Manages containerized apps at scale.
 APIs: Interfaces for accessing and automating services.
 Load Balancers: Distribute workloads to optimize performance.
 Content Delivery Networks (CDNs): Improve content loading speed.

9. Virtualization vs Containerization
 Virtualization: Uses a hypervisor to run multiple OS on one machine.
 Containerization: Shares OS kernel and isolates apps using containers.
 Containers are lighter and start faster than virtual machines.
 Tools: Docker for containers, Kubernetes for orchestration.

10. Latest Trends in Cloud Computing (2025)

 Serverless Computing: Run code without managing servers.
 Edge Computing: Process data near the source for low latency.
 AI-as-a-Service: Cloud-based ML tools and APIs.
 Multi-cloud Strategy: Use multiple providers to avoid lock-in.
 Sustainable Cloud: Eco-friendly data centers.
 Quantum Computing on Cloud: Access experimental quantum platforms online.

11. Key Features of Cloud Computing

 On-Demand Self-Service: Provision resources automatically.
 Broad Network Access: Available from any device with internet.
 Resource Pooling: Shared among multiple users.
4
 Rapid Elasticity: Quick scaling of services.
 Measured Service: Usage is monitored and billed.

EXPERIMENT - 1

AIM: Install VirtualBox/VMware Workstation on different OS.

DESCRIPTION:
Introduction to Virtualization
5
In computing, virtualization is a broad term that refers to the abstraction of computer resources.
Virtualization hides the physical characteristics of computing resources from their users, be they
applications, or end users. This includes making a single physical resource (such as a server, an
operating system, an application, or storage device) appear to function as multiple virtual
resources; it can also include making multiple physical resources (such as storage devices or
servers) appear as a single virtual resource.
Virtualization is not a new concept. One of the early works in the field was a paper by
Christopher Strachey entitled "Time Sharing in Large Fast Computers". IBM began exploring
virtualization with its CP-40 and M44/44X research systems. These in turn lead to the
commercial CP-67/CMS. The virtual machine concept kept users separated while simulating a
full stand-alone computer for each.
In the 80’s and early 90’s the industry moved from leveraging singular mainframes to running
collections of smaller and cheaper x86 servers. As a result, the concept of virtualization become
less prominent. That changed in 1999 with VMware’s introduction of VMware workstation. This
was followed by VMware’s ESX Server, which runs on bare metal and does not require a host
operating system.

Introduction to VirtualBox
Oracle VM VirtualBox (formerly Sun VirtualBox, Sun xVM VirtualBox and Innotek
VirtualBox) is a free and open-source hosted hypervisor for x86 virtualization, developed by
Oracle Corporation. Created by Innotek, it was acquired by Sun Microsystems in 2008, which
was in turn acquired by Oracle in 2010.
VirtualBox may be installed on Windows, macOS, Linux, Solaris and OpenSolaris. There are
also ports to FreeBSD and Genode. It supports the creation and management of guest virtual
machines running Windows, Linux, BSD, OS/2, Solaris, Haiku, and OSx86, as well as limited
virtualization of macOS guests on Apple hardware. For some guest operating systems, a "Guest
Additions" package of device drivers and system applications is available, which typically
improves performance, especially that of graphics.

6
Steps to Install VirtualBox on different OS
a) Windows
1) Open the VirtualBox website. Go to https://www.virtualbox.org/ in your computer's
Internet browser. This is the website from which you'll download the VirtualBox
setup file.
2) Click Download VirtualBox. It's a blue button in the middle of the page. Doing so
will open the downloads page.
3) Click Windows hosts. You'll see this link below the "VirtualBox 6.1.14
platform packages" heading. The VirtualBox EXE file will begin downloading
onto your computer.
4) Open the VirtualBox EXE file. Go to the location to which the EXE file downloaded
and double-click the file. Doing so will open the VirtualBox installation window.

5) Navigate through the installation prompts. Do the following. Click Next on the first
three pages. Click Yes when prompted. Click Install. Click Yes when prompted.

7
6) Click Install when prompted. Doing so will allow VirtualBox to begin installing on
your computer.

7) Click Finish when prompted. It's in the lower-right side of the window. Doing so will
close the installation window and open VirtualBox. Now that you've installed and
opened VirtualBox, you can create a virtual machine in order to run any operating
system on your PC.

8
b)Linux
1) Open Terminal. This step will vary depending on your version of Linux, but you
can usually open Terminal by selecting Image titled Macterminal.png Terminal

2) Enter the installation command. Type in sudo apt-get install virtualbox-qt and press ↵
from the Menu. The Terminal window will pop up.

Enter.

3) Enter your password when prompted. Type in the password that you use to log into your
computer, then press Enter.
4) Confirm the installation. Type y when prompted, then press Enter.

5) Wait for VirtualBox to finish installing. This will take a few minutes. When you see
your computer account's username appear to the left of the command line, Terminal has
successfully installed VirtualBox and is awaiting further commands.

6) Open VirtualBox. Type in virtualbox and press ↵ Enter to do so. This will prompt the

9
VirtualBox main window to open. Now that you've installed and opened VirtualBox, you
can proceed with creating a virtual machine in order to run any operating system on your
computer.

10
 EXPERIMENT - 2

AIM: Install different operating systems in Virtual Box.

Steps to Install an OS (Ubuntu) using Virtual Box:

Step 1: Install virtual box.

Step 2 :Download the Ubuntu Linux ISO.

Step 3: Install Linux using VirtualBox

Step 3.1:StartVirtualBox, and click on the New symbol. Give the virtual OS a
relevant name.

Step 3.2: Allocate RAM to the virtual OS. My system has 8GB of RAM and I decided to
allocate 2GB.

11
Step 3.3: Create a virtual disk. This serves as the hard disk of the virtual Linux system. It
is where the virtual system will store its files.

Step 3.4: Use the VDI file type

Step 3.5: choose either the “Dynamically allocated” or the “Fixed size” option for creating the
virtual hard disk.

12
Step 3.6:The recommended size is 10 GB and I allocate 14GB.

Step 3.7: Now boot that ISO and install Ubuntu Linux as a virtual operating system.

Step 3.8: install the ubuntu

13
Step 3.9: Click 'Continue' button.

Step 3.10: Erase disk and install Ubuntu' option is selected and click 'Install Now'
button.

Step 3.11:Set Time Zone and other several question

14
Step 3.12: In 'Who are you? Put the name and other options.

Step 3.13: Now installation will take few minutes

Step 3.14: After installation restart the virtual System.

15
Step 3.15: Now Ubuntun is installed

16
 EXPERIMENT - 3
AIM:-
1. Simulate a cloud scenario using simulator. (CloudSim)
2. Cloud scenario using CloudSim simulator: Implementing VMs,
Data centers, Cloudlets, etc.

DESCRIPTION: -
1. Simulate a cloud scenario using simulator. (CloudSim)
2. Pres-Requisites

 Java Development Kit(JDK)

 Eclipse IDE for Java developers
 Download CloudSim source code
 One external requirement of Cloudsim i.e. common jar package of math-related functions is to
be downloaded from the Apache website or you may directly download by clicking here.
 Unzip Eclipse, Cloudsim and Common Math libraries to some common folder.

3. Step of configuration for

cloudsim Step 1:Install Eclipse and

open

17
Step 2: navigate the menu: File -> New -> java Project, to open the new project wizard

18
Step 3: Now a detailed new project window will open, here you will provide the project name
and the path of CloudSim project source code, which will be done as follows:

 Project Name: CloudSim.

 Unselect the ‘Use default location’ option and then click on ‘Browse’ to open the path where you
have unzipped the Cloudsim project and finally click Next to set project settings.

Step 4:Now open ‘Libraries’ tab and if you do not find commons-math3- 3.x.jar (here ‘x’ means
the minor version release of the library which could be 2 or greater) in the list then simply click
on ‘Add External Jar’ (commons- math3-3.x.jar will be included in the project from this step)

 Once you have clicked on ‘Add External JAR’s‘ Open the path where you have unzipped the
commons-math binaries and select ‘Commons-math3-3.x.jar’ and click on open.
19
 Click on the finish and creat the cloudsim project

20
 Step 5: After confriguration Screen will look like this

EXAMPLES SCENARIOS:
Cloud scenario using CloudSim simulator: Implementing VMs, Data centers, Cloudlets,etc.

Example 1
A simple example showing how to create a datacenter with one host and run one cloudlet on it.

21
Output:

Example 2
A simple example showing how to create a datacenter with one host and run two cloudlets on it.
The cloudlets run in VMs with the same MIPS requirements.
The cloudlets will take the same time to complete the execution.

Output:

22
Example 3

A simple example showing how to create a datacenter with two hosts and run two cloudlets on it.
The cloudlets run in VMs with different MIPS requirements. The cloudlets will take different
time to complete the execution depending on the requested VM performance.

Output:

38