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 Chapter 7

ARRAYS

1. Solutions to and Remarks on Selected Practice Programs and

Programming Projects

Regarding the solutions presented here.: C++ leaves many options on how to do a problem,
and any book will necessarily choose a subset to present. It is necessary to read the text, as
that is what the student has to work with. I am striving to produce a complementary
document to the text, a document for the instructor. Most of the time, will use the
initialization list style for constructors. If you present the code using the initializer list, you
should also assign Appendix 7 on constructor initialization.

Programming Project 1: Rainfall

Here, I have done the interactive version only. The solution is broken into two files. The
source for each is listed, along with test data, command generating the output and the
output.

I have done the solution using structs here. The enhancement of adding the choice of
graphical output is provided. I have done only the interactive version here. The variation
using file i/o is left to the reader. Notes will be supplied for doing this without the struct.

//Author indicates that this may be done without structs or

//classes. This is a solution using structs.

//Program is to
//1)read in long term month by month average rain fall
// averages
//2)read in the previous year's month by month actual rain
// fall.

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Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

//Output:
//'nicely' formatted table showing rainfall for each of the
// previous
//12 months as well as how much above or below the monthly
// average the rainfall is for each month. The output
// should correctly label months.
//
//Month name handling: code months as integers and do a
//conversion at output. Any input scheme acceptable as long
//as the user interface is relatively easy to use.

//Remarks: If the current month is April, we don't have

//April's rainfall figure yet, so we go back to April of the
//previous year, to March of this year.

//Enhanced version:
//Add capability to print two bar graphs for each month,
//showing the average rainfall and the actual rainfall for
//each of the previous 12 months. Ask the user's preference:
//a table or a graph, and display the format requested.
//
//Provide a loop to repeat the process at the user's request.

//Command line compile, where g++ is replaced by BCC32

//or CL –GX or CC depending on which compiler you use.
//g++ Ch10Prg1.cpp Ch10Prg1.bargraph.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>

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Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

#include <cstdlib>

struct monthly_rain
{
int month;
double rain_fall;
double avg_rain_fall;
};

//declaration of function from file Ch10Prg1.bargraph.cpp

void output_bargraph( monthly_rain rainfall[],
int current_month );
//output: scale and bargraph of month by month average and
//actual rainfall.

void input( monthly_rain rainfall[], int& year );

//precondition:
//routine called correctly, with variable arguments
//postcondition:
//User is asked for current month, then is asked for
//the average and actual rainfall for each of the
//preceding 12 months.

void output_table( monthly_rain rainfall[], int& year );

//Precondition:
//input is array of size 12 of monthly_rain structs.
//Postcondition: output to screen is formatted table showing
//rainfall for each of the previous 12 months as well as how
//much above or below the monthly average the rainfall

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Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

//for each month. The output should correctly label months.

int main()
{
using namespace std;
int current_month;
monthly_rain rainfall[12];
char ans;
char tg;
do
{
input( rainfall, current_month);
cout << "Please choose between g)raphical and t)abular "
<< "output" << endl;
cin >> tg; //tg means table/graphics choice :)

if ( 't' == tg || 'T' == tg )
{
cout << "You chose the tabular output." << endl;
output_table( rainfall, current_month );
}
else if ( 'g' == tg || 'G' == tg )
{
cout << "You chose the graphical output" << endl;
output_bargraph( rainfall, current_month);
}
else
{
cout << "You typed neither of the choices. "

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Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

<< "Defaulting to graphical output." << endl;

output_bargraph( rainfall, current_month );
}
cout << "Y/y continues, any thing else quits";
cin >> ans;
}while( 'y' == ans || 'Y' == ans );
return 0;
}

void full_month_name(int);

void input( monthly_rain rainfall[], int& current_month)

{
using namespace std;
int i;
cout << "\nMonthly rainfall input routine."
<< endl << endl
<< "Please enter the average rainfall for each month "
<< endl;

cout << " Average rainfall: " << endl;

for ( i = 0; i < 12; i++)
{
cout << "For month ";
full_month_name(i);
cout << ' ';
cin >> rainfall[i].avg_rain_fall;
cout << " \t Avg Rainfall: "
<< rainfall[i].avg_rain_fall;

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Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

rainfall[i].month = i;
cout << endl;
}

cout << endl << "The actual rainfall: " << endl;
cout << "What is the current month? Please give the "
<< "number of the month (Jan = 0, etc." << endl;

cin >> current_month;

cout << " The current month is: " ;
full_month_name(current_month);
cout << endl;

cout << "Please enter the actual rainfall for "

<< "each month, as prompted, First for the\n"
<< "months in the previous year: "
<< endl;

for ( i = current_month; i < 12; i++)

{
cout << "For month ";
full_month_name(i);
cout << " ";
cin >> rainfall[i].rain_fall;
cout << "\tRainfall: " << rainfall[i].rain_fall;
cout << endl;
}
cout << "Now for the months in this year: " << endl;
for ( i = 0; i < current_month; i++)

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Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

{
cout << "For month ";
full_month_name(i);
cout << ' ';
cin >> rainfall[i].rain_fall;
cout << "\tRainfall: " << rainfall[i].rain_fall;
cout << endl;
}

} //end of input routine

//helping routines for output_table, defined at the end of

//this file.
void month_name( int month );
void full_month_name( int month);

void output_table(monthly_rain rainfall[],

int& current_month)
{
using namespace std;
int i;
cout.setf(ios::fixed);
cout.setf(ios::showpoint);
cout.precision(1);
//heading: Monthly Rainfall
// For the 12 Months Preceding .....
// Actual, Average, and Difference (= Actual - Average)

cout << "\t\t\t\t Monthly Rainfall " << endl;

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Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

cout << "\t\t\tFor the 12 Months Preceding ";

full_month_name( current_month );
cout << endl;
cout << "\t\tActual, Average, and Difference "
<< " (= Actual - Average)" << endl;

cout << "\t-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----"

<< "+-----+-----+-----+-----+----" << endl << "\t ";

for ( i = 0; i < 11; i++ )

{
month_name(rainfall[i].month);
cout << " | ";
}
month_name( rainfall[i].month );
cout << endl
<< "\t-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+"
<< "-----+-----+-----+-----+----"<< endl;

cout << "average\t";

for ( i = 0; i < 11; i++ )
{
cout.width(4);
cout << rainfall[i].rain_fall << " |";
}
cout.width(4);
cout << rainfall[i].rain_fall << endl;
cout << "actual\t";
for ( i = 0; i < 11; i++ )

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Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

{
cout.width(4);
cout << rainfall[i].avg_rain_fall << " |";
}
cout.width(4);
cout << rainfall[i].avg_rain_fall << endl;

cout << "diffs\t";

for ( i = 0; i < 11; i++ )
{
cout.width(4);
cout << rainfall[i].rain_fall - rainfall[i].avg_rain_fall
<< " |";
}
cout.width(4);
cout << rainfall[i].rain_fall - rainfall[i].avg_rain_fall
<< endl;

cout << "P)rev yr";

for ( i = 0; i < current_month; i++)
cout << " |";
for ( i = current_month; i < 11; i++)
cout << " P |" ;
cout << " P" << endl << endl;
}

void month_name( int month )

{
switch (month)

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Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

{
case 0: cout << "Jan";
break;
case 1: cout << "Feb";
break;
case 2: cout << "Mar";
break;
case 3: cout << "Apr";
break;
case 4: cout << "May";
break;
case 5: cout << "Jun";
break;
case 6: cout << "Jul";
break;
case 7: cout << "Aug";
break;
case 8: cout << "Sep";
break;
case 9: cout << "Oct";
break;
case 10: cout << "Nov";
break;
case 11: cout << "Dec";
break;
default: cout << "NO SUCH MONTH " << month << endl;
exit(1);
}
}

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Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

void full_month_name( int month )

{
switch (month)
{
case 0: cout << "January "; //strings padded to 9 spaces
break; //for output formatting
case 1: cout << "February";
break;
case 2: cout << "March " ;
break;
case 3: cout << "April ";
break;
case 4: cout << "May ";
break;
case 5: cout << "June ";
break;
case 6: cout << "July ";
break;
case 7: cout << "August ";
break;
case 8: cout << "September";
break;
case 9: cout << "October ";
break;
case 10: cout << "November";
break;
case 11: cout << "December";
break;

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Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

default: cout << "NO SUCH MONTH " << month << endl;
exit(1);
}
}

//file: Ch7Prg1.bargraph.cpp
//
//to print two bargraphs for each month, showing average and
//actual rainfall each month.

#include <iostream>

struct monthly_rain
{
int month;
double rain_fall;
double avg_rain_fall;
};

void full_month_name( int );

void month_name( int );

//outputs x asterisks, no <cr>

void bargraph( double x )
{
using namespace std;
cout << " ";
for (int i = 0; i < x*10; i++)

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Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

cout << '*';

}

//output scale followed by <cr>

//
void output_scale()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "\nRainfall ";
for ( int i = 0; i < 14; i++)
{
double j = i/2.0;
cout.setf(ios::showpoint);
cout.setf(ios::fixed);
cout.precision(1);
cout << j << " ";
}
cout << endl << "\t ";
for (i = 0; i < 14; i++)
cout << "|****";
cout << endl;
}

void output_bargraph( monthly_rain rainfall[],

int current_month )
{
using namespace std;
output_scale();
for ( int i = 0; i < 12; i++ )

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Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

{
full_month_name( i );
if ( i >= current_month )
cout << "(Previous year)";
cout << "\naverage\t ";
bargraph( rainfall[i].avg_rain_fall );
cout << "\nactual\t ";
bargraph( rainfall[i].rain_fall );
cout << endl;

if ( 5 == i )
{
output_scale();
}
}
output_scale();
}

The rainfall averages in the data come from The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1993,
published by the World Almanac. (C) Phaos Books,1992. The rainfall numbers presented
here are made-up.

This is the 'data file' used to test this program:

$cat data
3.7 3.6 5.1 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.5
4
4.3 3.2 5.5 5.1 4.0 2.2 2.0 1.1 4.1 3.3 3.9 3.7
t
y
3.7 3.6 5.1 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.5

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Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 9e Chapter 7

4
4.3 3.2 5.5 5.1 4.0 2.2 2.0 1.1 4.1 3.3 3.9 3.7
g
y
3.7 3.6 5.1 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.5
4
4.3 3.2 5.5 5.1 4.0 2.2 2.0 1.1 4.1 3.3 3.9 3.7
h
n

The command used to run the program and the output is:
17:19:43:~/AW$ a.out < data > ch7prb2.out

There follows edited output obtained from this run. I have 'redacted' the input and the
output where either is identical for all three runs and after it has been seen.

$cat ch7prb2.out
Monthly rainfall input routine.

Please enter the average rainfall for each month

Average rainfall:
For month January Avg Rainfall: 3.7
For month February Avg Rainfall: 3.6
For month March Avg Rainfall: 5.1
For month April Avg Rainfall: 3.8
For month May Avg Rainfall: 4.2
For month June Avg Rainfall: 4.2
For month July Avg Rainfall: 4.4
For month August Avg Rainfall: 4.8
For month September Avg Rainfall: 4
For month October Avg Rainfall: 3.3
For month November Avg Rainfall: 3.3
For month December Avg Rainfall: 3.5

The actual rainfall:

15
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
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