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C_Programming_Solutions

The document contains C programming examples covering various topics such as counting prime numbers, the difference between break and continue statements, bubble sort in descending order, dynamic memory allocation, structures and distances, and fundamental file operations. It includes code snippets for each topic, demonstrating the concepts effectively. Additionally, it provides examples for counting characters and lines in a text file.

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siddhusassyboi
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views

C_Programming_Solutions

The document contains C programming examples covering various topics such as counting prime numbers, the difference between break and continue statements, bubble sort in descending order, dynamic memory allocation, structures and distances, and fundamental file operations. It includes code snippets for each topic, demonstrating the concepts effectively. Additionally, it provides examples for counting characters and lines in a text file.

Uploaded by

siddhusassyboi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1.a) Write a C function to count the number of prime numbers between n1 and n2.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>

int is_prime(int num) {


if (num <= 1) return 0;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= num; i++) {
if (num % i == 0) return 0;
}
return 1;
}

int prime_count(int n1, int n2) {


int count = 0;
for (int i = n1; i <= n2; i++) {
if (is_prime(i)) count++;
}
return count;
}

int main() {
int n1 = 10, n2 = 50;
printf("Number of prime numbers = %d", prime_count(n1, n2));
return 0;
}

Q1.b) Difference between break and continue:


---------------------------------------------
- break: Exits the loop entirely.
- continue: Skips the current iteration and continues with the next one.

Example:
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
if (i == 2) break; // exits loop at i==2
}

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {


if (i == 2) continue; // skips iteration at i==2
}

Q2) Bubble sort in descending order:


-------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
void bubble_sort(int arr[], int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++) {
if (arr[j] < arr[j+1]) {
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j+1];
arr[j+1] = temp;
}
}
}
}

int main() {
int arr[] = {23,56,12,78,98,8,34,72,44,69};
int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
bubble_sort(arr, n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
return 0;
}

Q3) Dynamic memory allocation:


------------------------------
- Dynamic memory allocation allows allocating memory at runtime using malloc, calloc,
realloc, and freeing it using free().
- It is needed when memory requirements are not known in advance.

Example:
int *arr = (int*) malloc(5 * sizeof(int));
if (arr == NULL) {
printf("Memory not allocated.");
}
free(arr);

Q4.a) Structure point and distance:


-----------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

struct Point {
int x, y;
};

int main() {
struct Point p1 = {2, 3}, p2 = {7, 8};
float dist = sqrt(pow(p2.x - p1.x, 2) + pow(p2.y - p1.y, 2));
printf("Distance = %.2f", dist);
return 0;
}

Q4.b) Difference between array and structure:


----------------------------------------------
- Array: Collection of elements of same data type.
- Structure: Collection of elements of different data types.

Q5.a) Fundamental file operations in C:


----------------------------------------
1. fopen() - Open a file
2. fclose() - Close the file
3. fprintf(), fscanf() - File I/O
4. fgetc(), fputc() - Character I/O
5. fread(), fwrite() - Binary I/O

Q5.b) Count characters and lines in a text file:


------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
FILE *fp = fopen("file.txt", "r");
char ch;
int lines = 0, chars = 0;

if (fp == NULL) {
printf("File not found.");
return 1;
}

while ((ch = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {


chars++;
if (ch == '\n') lines++;
}

fclose(fp);
printf("Lines: %d, Characters: %d", lines, chars);
return 0;
}

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