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Module 3_Spring 2025

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Module 3_Spring 2025

Uploaded by

Mohammad Javed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar

CE-117: Engineering Mechanics (Spring 2025)

MODULE 3:
Resultant of Coplanar, Concurrent force systems
1
Lecture Objectives

1. How to add two forces using Parallelogram


law of forces
1

2. To resolve a force along obliques axes using the Forces Traingle

b
Lecture Objectives

3. To resolve a force into rectangular


components along perpendicular axes.

4. To determine the resultant of 3 or more concurrent forces using Cartesian


components.
Resultant of Two Forces by
Parallelogram Law of Forces
Resultant of 2 forces

Parallelogram law of forces


If two forces, acting at a point, are represented in magnitude and direction by the
two sides of a parallelogram drawn from one of its angular points, their resultant is
represented both in magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the parallelogram
passing through that angular point.

This law is based on experimental evidence; it can not be proved or derived mathematically.
Problem 3.1

If the resultant force is required to act along the positive u axis and have a
magnitude of 5 kN, determine the required magnitude of FB and its direction θ.
Using Law of Sines

Using Law of Cosines


Exercise 3.1

3.1a . The two structural members, one of which is in tension and the
other in compression, exert the indicated forces on joint O. Using
Parallelogram law of forces, Determine the magnitude of the resultant R
of the two forces. Also determine the angle which R makes with the
positive x-axis.

Ans: R =3.61 kN, θx =206o


Exercise 3.1
3.1b The screw eye in Figure is subjected to two
forces, F1 and F2 .Determine the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force using both
Parallelogram law and adding Cartesian components
Answer: FR = 212.6 N, θx=54.8 ◦

3. 1c
Resolution of a Force along Oblique axes
by Force Triangle
Resolution of a Force along oblique axes (Non-Rectangular components)

R
R
Ra

Rb
Problem 3.2
Two people apply forces to push a table. determine the
forces the two people must apply in the a and b
directions shown such that a resultant force of 250 N
in the c direction is produced
180 − 45 - 30 = 105

b
B
C
Fb
A 45 30 45

Fa O a
Problem 3.3
A barge is pulled by two tugboats. If the resultant of the forces exerted by the tugboats is a
5000-lb force directed along the axis of the barge, determine (a) the tension in each of the
ropes knowing that a 45°, (b) the value of for which the tension in rope 2 is
minimum.
Solve the problem using Triangle of forces
Problem 3.3: Solution
(a) The tension in each of the ropes
y

B
T1
T2
30 5000 lb
O C x
45
T2 T1

A
180 − 45 - 30 =105
Problem 3.3: Solution
y (b) The value of for which the tension in T2 is minimum.

Line of action parallel to T1


B
T1 It can be observed that for constant value of R , T2
deceases when increases from 0 to 90o.
R=5000 lb However, T2 again start increasing when
C x increases beyond 90 . Hence for T2 to minimum,
O 𝛼 o
𝛼 T2,α1 =90o-30o
𝛼 = 180 − 90 - 30 =60
T2
T2 ,α2
T2, α3 5000 lb
O C x

T1
T2
A
Resolution of a Force into Rectangular Components
Resolving a force into R e c t a n g u l a r C o m p o n e n t s

In many problems it will be found desirable to resolve a force into two components which are
perpendicular to each other.
In Fig. a and b, the force F has been resolved into a component Fx along the x axis and a
component Fy along the y axis. The parallelogram drawn to obtain the two components is a
rectangle, and Fx and Fy are called rectangular components.
Resolving a force into R e c t a n g u l a r C o m p o n e n t s

Rectangular components Fx and Fy of a force F may be obtained by multiplying respectively


the unit vectors i and j by appropriate scalars

𝐱 𝒚

𝐱 𝐲
Sign Covention for R e c t a n g u l a r C o m p o n e n t s
Problem 3.4
Using results of problem… solved in Module 2

+y

+n
Fn
Fx
+x
θx= 20o
Fy Ft θt= 40o

+t
Exercise 3.2

3.2a . Resolve the horizontal 600-lb force in


Figure into components acting along the u and
v axes and determine the magnitudes of these
components

Answer: Fu = 1039 lb, Fv = 600 lb


3.2b
The device is used for surgical replacement of the
knee joint. If the force acting along the leg is 360 N,
determine its components along the x and y¿ axes

Ans: Fx= -125 N lb, F’y = 317 N


Exercise 3.2

3.2c. The line of action of the 9.6-kN force F runs


through the points A and B as shown in the figure.
Express F in term of unit vectors
Ans: F= 8 i+5.33 j
3.2d

Ans: Ft= 1286 N, Fn= 1532 N


RESULTANT OF FORCES USING CARTESIAN COMPONENTS

Step 1 is to resolve each force


into its components
RESULTANT OF FORCES USING CARTESIAN COMPONENTS
Step 2 is to add all the x components together
and add all the y components together. These
two totals become the resultant vector.
FRx = F1x i - F2xi + F3x i
FRy= F1y j + F2y j - F3y j
FR= FRx+Fry
FR = (F1x - F2x + F3x) i+ (F1y + F2y - F3y ) j
FRy
Step 3 is to find the magnitude and angle
θx
of the resultant vector.
FRx
Problem 3.5

The resultant of the three concurrent forces shown in Figure is 300 lb pointing up
along y-axis. Compute the values of F and required to give this resultant
Problem 3.5
300 lb
+

+ -

Squaring both sides of eqns I and II and then taking the sum

Dividing eqn II by I
Exercise 3.3
3.3a Knowing that the tension in rope AC is 365 N,
determine the resultant of the three forces exerted at
point C of post BC.

Ans: 474 N, 32.5o

3.3b
For the collar shown , determine (a) the required value of
if the resultant of the three forces shown is to be
vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of the resultant.

Ans: 21.7o , 229 N


Exercise 3.3
3.3c
Knowing that a o , determine the

resultant of the three forces shown.


Ans: 203 lb

3.3d

Also Re-solve Exercise 3.1 by summing cartesian coordinate components


Home Assignment 1

Following problems, in addition to problems already


identified in Module 1 and 2, are part of HA 1
Exercise Problem 3.1c,3.2b 3.3b

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