Experiment No:1

FRONT PANEL INDICATORS & SWITCHES AND FRONT SIDE & REAR
SIDE CONNECTORS.
Aim: To identify the front panel indicators and switches and rear side connector in
a computer system.
Components/Tools :
Computer with front, real panel connection, CD drive, USB, audio,
Procedure:

Tower Case:

Hard Drive Activity LED:

LED provides visual indication that data is being read from or written to the hard
drive.
 Reset Switch:
Supporting the reset function requires, a momentary-contact switch that is
normally open. When the switch is closed, the board resets and runs POST.
Power Switch:
Supporting the power on/off function requires, a momentary-contact switch that is
normally open. The switch should maintain contact for at least 50 ms to signal the
power supply to switch on or off.
Drive bays:
Drive bays are most commonly used to store disk drives, although they can also be
used for front-end USB ports, I/O bays, card readers, fans, tool storage, and other
uses. 3.5" - 3.5" bays, their actual dimensions are 4" wide by 1" high. Those with
an opening in the front of the case are generally used for floppy or Zip drives

Front Side Connectors:

USB Connectors:
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a way of setting up communication between a
computer and peripheral devices. USB is intended to replace many varieties of
serial and parallel ports.
USB can connect computer peripherals such as mice, keyboards, PDAs, gamepads
and joysticks, scanners, digital cameras, printers, personal media players, flash
drives, and external hard drives.
Card Reader:
Card reader" is used to reads flash memory cards. It can be a standalone device that
connects to a computer via USB or it may be integrated into a computer, printer, or
multifunction device.
Most card readers accept multiple memory card formats, including compactflash
(CF), secure digital (SD), and Sony's Memory Stick.
Audio Jack:
A socket for plugging in an audio source, Audio jacks are found on many types of
audio equipment and musical instruments that accept external sound sources.
Rear Side Connectors:
PS/2 Port:
The PS/2 standard, introduced by IBM in 1987, stands for Personal System/2. A
PS/2 port is an electronic receptacle or plug found on computers. It accepts a PS/2
cable with a mini- DIN connector, and is most often used to plug in a keyboard or
mouse.
The connector is small with a diameter of about 1/3 inch (9.5mm). It features a
metal sleeve that is notched to ensure proper alignment when inserting it into the
PS/2 port. This protects the circular pins inside the DIN connector from becoming
bent.
Parallel Port:
This interface is found on the back of older PCs and is used for connecting external
devices such as printers or a scanner. It uses a 25-pin connector (DB-25). The
latest parallel port standard, which supports the same connectors, is called the
Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP).
Serial Port:
The serial port is used for peripherals such as mice, gaming controllers, modems,
and older printers. It is sometimes called a COM port or an RS-232 port.
Result:
Thus the front panel indicators and switches and rear side connectors in a pc are
identified.

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EXPERIMENT_02
Identify Various Motherboard Components,slots,ports,(USB,VGA,DVI,and
HDMI)cables and Connectors,ROM,RAM(Memory),CPU(Processor),Hard
Drive Connections,AGP,CD/DVD,Add on cards,IDE/PCI slots,Sound cards.
Aim:
Identify Various Motherboard Components,slots,ports,(USB,VGA,DVI,and
HDMI)cables and Connectors,ROM,RAM(Memory),CPU(Processor),Hard Drive
Connections,AGP,CD/DVD,Add on cards,IDE/PCI slots,Sound cards.
Components/Tools :
SMPS, Motherboard, FDD, HDD, CD / DVD drive, processor, PATA/SATA
Cables, different types of RAM, and add on cards..
Procedure:
MOTHERBOARD:
 The motherboard has been an integral part of most personal computers. The
motherboard is a common circuit board. Each circuit card performs a unique
function in the computer and gets its power from the socket.
CPU:
The CPU, or processor, is the heart of your computer no matter what type (PC,
Server, and Laptop). There are many brands for processors such as Intel and
Athlon all with different processors for your computer.
RAM:
Random Access Memory (RAM) is the form of memory contained in most
computers. When an application is running it stores its information in the RAM.
When you close the application the information is deleted from the RAM.
Hard-Disk Drive:
A hard drive stores all your files and information in a permanent form unlike
storing it in RAM (which is temporary). The larger your hard disk (drive) the more
information and files you're able to store.
AGP:
An Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a point to point channel that is used for
high-speed video output. This port is used to connect graphic cards to a computer's
motherboard. It increases the speed at which machines can render graphics while
using the system's resources more efficiently.
CD-Rom:
The CD-Rom is reads CD's. CD-Rom completely stands for Compact Disk Read Only
Memory. CD's have much more data than a floppy disk. Using CD-RW you can make
your own CD's and use them more like a floppy disk.
DVD-Rom:
DVD-ROM is a digital optical disc storage format. DVDs offer higher storage
capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions. Blank recordable
DVD discs (DVD-R and DVD+R) can be recorded once, Rewritable DVDs (DVD-
RW, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM) can be recorded and erased multiple times.

IDE /PCI SLOTS:

An IDE interface is an industry-standard adapter for connecting IDE devices and
enabling them to communicate with each other. At one time, most computers
included at least one IDE interface built into the motherboard. The interface
provided a 40-pin connector for attaching an IDE hard disk drive (HDD) to the
computer.
Peripheral Component Interconnect: A standard interface used primarily on
computer backplanes to connect interface cards and peripheral devices to the
processor bus. PCI is often used for video display cards, network interfaces (e.g.
Ethernet), and peripheral interfaces such as SCSI or USB.
Floppy Drive:
A floppy drive reads the popular floppy disk. Floppy disk is easy to use, rewritable,
compact, and great for storing information. The floppy drive is simple and allows
you to read, write to, and write over information stored on a floppy disk.
Power Supply:
The power supply is usually a small metal box in the top corner of a case (tower).
You can see the power supply as below diagrams.
Access Slots:
Access slots or expansion slots are openings in a computer where a circuit board
can be inserted to add new capabilities to the computer. Examples of drives that
may go here would be modems; USB drives, networking cards, video adapters, and
sound cards.
ADD ON CARDS:
It is inserted into an expansion slot on the motherboard of a computer. Add-on
cards contain edge connectors that are used to create an electronic link between
motherboard and card, thus enabling these two to communicate. Add-on cards are
also known as expansion cards or interface cards.
SOUND CARDS:
A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal expansion card that
provides input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under the
control of computer programs. The term sound card is also applied to external
audio interfaces used for professional audio applications.

Result:
Thus the Various Motherboard Components,slots,ports,(USB,VGA,DVI,and
HDMI)cables and Connectors,ROM,RAM(Memory),CPU(Processor),Hard Drive
Connections,AGP,CD/DVD,Add on cards,IDE/PCI slots,Sound cards are
identified.
EXPERIMENT_3
Configure BIOS Setup Program
Aim:
To configure BIOS setup program
Components/Tools :
Computer
Procedure:
Bios Setup:
The BIOS Setup utility reports system information and can be used to configure
the server BIOS settings. BIOS have a Setup utility stored in the BIOS flash
memory. The configured data is stored in the system's battery-backed CMOS
RAM.
To access BIOS configuration screens and to change the system’s parameters
complete the following steps:
1. Power on or power cycle the server.
2. To enter the BIOS Setup utility, press the F2 key while the system is performing
the power-on self-test (POST)
3. Press F2 to Run Setup Prompt

4.
5. When BIOS is started, the main BIOS Setup utility top-level screen appears.
This screen provides seven menu options across the top of the screen.
6. Use the left and right arrow keys to select the different menu options
7. To select an option on a top-level screen, use the up and down arrow keys to
scroll up and down the options presented.
8. Only options that can be modified are highlighted when you press the up and
down arrow keys.
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9. If a field can be modified, as you select the option, user instructions for
modifying the option appear in the right column of the screen.
10. If a field is a link to a sub-screen, instructions to press the Enter key to access
the sub screen appear in the right column.
11. Modify the setup field and press the Esc key to save the changes and exit the
screen.
Some screens present a confirmation dialog box that enables unwanted changes to
be retracted.
12. On sub-screens that only provide configuration information and cannot be
modified, press the Esc key to exit the screen.
13. To continue modifying other setup parameters, repeat Step 3 through Step 6.
Otherwise, go to Step 8
14. Press and release the right arrow key until the Exit menu screen appears.
15. Follow the instructions on the Exit menu screen to save or discard your
changes and exit the BIOS Setup utility.
16. BIOS Setup Screens Overview: Screen Description

BIOS Setup Utility Menu Screens :

The BIOS Main screens provide general product information, including BIOS,
processor, system memory, and system time/date.
BIOS Setup Utility: Main
Exit - Save Configuration Changes and Exit Confirmation:

BIOS Power-On Self-Test (POST) Events:

At system startup, the BIOS perform a power-on self-test that checks the hardware
on your server to ensure that all components are present and functioning properly.
Result:
Thus the bios setup program of the pc’s identified.
Experiment No:4.
Installation of Hard disk(A)Install Harddisk (B)Partition and Format Hard
disk (C)Disk Defragmentation.
Aim:
To (A) Install Hard Disk(B)Partition and Format Hard Disk. (C)Disk
Defragmentation.
Components/Tools :
Hard disk, Computer running windows7, Active sync utility.
Procedure:
4(A).Install Hard Disk: How to Install a Hard Drive:
Steps:
1. Place the hard drive into the HDD mounting slot
2. Screw the HDD to the case using screws.
3. Insert the IDE cable into the IDE connector.
4. Push the power cable, IDE cable to motherboard.
5. Hard disk installed successfully

Unplug your computer and switch off the power supply.

Locate the hard drive bay on the front of the computer.
Put the hard drive in the hard drive bay and line up the screw. Secure the hard
drive into the hard drive bay with screws.
4(B).Partition and Format Hard Disk:
1. Right Click My Computer and Choose Manage -> Storage -> Disk
Management.
2. Right click on the unallocated space and select “ New Simple Volume”.
3. Enter new simple volume wizard by clicking next and specify volume size.
4. Assign Drive letter or Path, then format the partition into default file
system NTFS.
5. Click finish to confirm to partition and format hard drive.

4(C)Disk De-fragment:
Procedure:
Disk Defragmentation:
1. Start -> Control Panel -> System and Security
2. Click Defragment your Hard Drive, click the analyze Disk button.
3. When the analysis complete, click the Defragment Disk button then close.
Result:
Thus the various operations have been done in hard disk successfully and
the output was verified.
 Experiment-5
Installation Of Additional RAM
Aim:
To Insatall Additional RAM
Components/Tools:
RAM,Motherboard

Procedure:
1. Locate the RAM slot on your motherboard.
2. Push down the locking tab(s) at the end of each slot.
3. Line up the RAM stick with the slot, ensuring that the notch of the RAM stick
matches that of the slots. Be sure that it’s centered between the latch locks.
4. Push down the RAM stick straight down until it makes a clicking sound. It may
take a little bit of force, but don’t worry! This is normal.
5. Once you hear the click, the RAM should be fully seated. Frequently, the latches
will pop up, locking the RAM stick into place.

Key points to remember:

➢ Check compatibility:
Before buying new RAM, ensure it matches your motherboard's specifications,
including the RAM type (DDR3, DDR4, etc.) and speed.
➢ Available slots:
Open your computer case to check how many RAM slots are available and if any
are currently empty.
➢ Upgrade process:
To add RAM, simply open your computer, locate the RAM slots, and carefully
install the new RAM modules.

Result:
Thus the additional RAM installed successfully.
Experiment 6:
Aim:
To Install Operating System Software in a computer system.
Components / tools
Computer, Windows 7and discs
Procedure:
Ensure that your computer meets or exceeds the minimum system requirements to run Windows

Install Windows 7
Minimum requirements
• 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor*
• 1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit)
• 16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit)
• DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver
• Super VGA 800x600 Display Adapter
• CD or DVD-ROM
• Keyboard and mouse, or other pointing devices
• Network Interface Adapter required for Internet and Network Connectivity
• Ensure you have a Windows 7 Product Key. It is printed on a sticker on your
software package. It is a string of 5 groups of characters (each 5 long), separated by
dashes, resulting in 25 characters in all.
• It looks like this: HHHCF-WCF9P-M3YCC-RXDXH-FC3C6.
• When the software has almost finished installing, you will be asked for it. You
need the product key to complete installing Windows.
Steps installing windows 7
• Before inserting the CD, you'll have to enter bios (in most cases by pressing DEL on
system startup) and select your primary boot device CD-ROM Insert the Windows XP
Installation Disc and start your computer. When prompted to "Press any key to boot
from CD," press a key on the keyboard.

• The installation program will check your hardware, install default-set drivers,
and load files necessary for installation. When arriving at the "Welcome to Setup"
screen, Press ENTER to begin the installation process.
• Now you will get the Windows Setup Window. This is the part to select
Language for your windows. Select ‘English’ and click Next. Also there will be a
‘INSTALL NOW’ button. Click on it and proceed to next step.

• Select language, country and keyboard and click next

• Click install now

• Accept the license agreement by checking the check box. And click Next button.

• If you want to upgrade already existing Operating system select Upgrade. Click
Custom option now.

• This is the important step. Here we can partition the hard disk and format the
drive. If there is no partition in the hard disk, the window will be shown in right side.
Click drive options to create/delete/for make partitions
•
 • Create drives as required and select the drive you want to install Windows 7
and click Next

• The installation process will start and take few minutes.

.Provide user name

• provide the Product key. And click next

• The computer will restart and will boot with the new OS
Result:
Thus the Operating System Software Windows 7 installed Succefully.
Experiment 7 :Installation of application software

Procedure:
Here's a general guide on how to install application software on your computer:
Steps to Install Application Software:
1. Download the Software:
- Visit the official website of the application you want to install.
- Look for the download section and download the installer file. Make sure to download the version compatible
with your operating system (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux).
2.Locate the Installer File:
- Once the download is complete, navigate to the folder where the installer file was saved (usually the
"Downloads" folder).
3.Run the Installer:
- Double-click the installer file to start the installation process.
- You might be prompted with a security warning or a User Account Control (UAC) prompt. Click "Yes" or
"Run" to proceed.
4.Follow the Installation Wizard:

installation wizard will guide you through the installation process.

- Read and accept the software license agreement, if prompted.
- Choose the installation location (the default location is usually fine, but you can change it if needed).
5. Configure Installation Options:
Some installers may offer customization options,such as creating desktop shortcuts or selecting additional
components.Make your selection and proceed.

6. Complete the Installation:

- Click "Install" or "Next" to begin the installation.
- Wait for the installation process to complete. This may take a few minutes, depending on the size of the
application.
7. Finish and Launch the Application:

- Once the installation is complete, you may be prompted to restart your computer (if necessary).
- Click "Finish" or "Close" to exit the installation wizard.
- Launch the application from the Start menu (Windows) or Applications folder (macOS).