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01 Introduction

The document provides an overview of computing, defining it as any goal-oriented activity involving computers, and outlines various computing disciplines including Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Information Systems, Information Technology, and Software Engineering. Each discipline is described in terms of its focus, key skills required, and the role it plays in technology and business. Additionally, it lists top IT career paths, emphasizing the diverse opportunities available in the field.

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17 views13 pages

01 Introduction

The document provides an overview of computing, defining it as any goal-oriented activity involving computers, and outlines various computing disciplines including Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Information Systems, Information Technology, and Software Engineering. Each discipline is described in terms of its focus, key skills required, and the role it plays in technology and business. Additionally, it lists top IT career paths, emphasizing the diverse opportunities available in the field.

Uploaded by

anas77najeeb898
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IT Fundamentals

‫ زاﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬.‫أ‬
What Is Computing?
In a general way, we can define computing to mean any goal-
oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers.
Thus, computing includes:
designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide
range of purposes;
processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of
information;
doing scientific studies using computers; making computer
systems behave intelligently;
creating and using communications and entertainment media;
finding and gathering information relevant to any particular
purpose, and so on.
Computing Disciplines
Descriptions of the major computing
disciplines
• Computer Engineering
• A branch of engineering that integrates several fields of computer science and
electronics engineering required to develop computer hardware and software.
• Computer engineering students study software development, focusing on
software for digital devices and their interfaces with users and other devices.
• CE study may emphasize hardware more than software or there may be a
balanced emphasis.
• Areas within computing engineering is embedded systems, the development of
devices that have software and hardware embedded in them.
Descriptions of the major computing disciplines
Computer science :
• Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be
represented as data in the form of programs. It is the theory, experimentation, and
engineering that enables the use of algorithms to manipulate, store, and
communicate digital information.
• We can think of the work of computer scientists as falling into three categories:
• Design and implement software
• Devise new ways to use computers
• Develop effective ways to solve computing problems
Computer scientist must be skilled in four areas:

• Algorithmic thinking, in which one is able to express problems


in terms of step-by-step procedures to solve them.

• Representation, in which one is able to store data in a way that


it can be processed efficiently.

• Programming, in which one is able to combine algorithmic


thinking and representation into computer software.

• Design, in which the software serves a useful purpose.


Descriptions of the major computing disciplines
• Information Systems
• Information systems specialists focus on integrating information technology solutions and
business processes to meet the information needs of businesses and other enterprises,
enabling them to achieve their objectives in an effective, efficient way.

• The information systems specialist plays a key role in determining the requirements for an
organization’s information systems and is active in their specification, design, and
implementation.
Descriptions of the major computing disciplines
Information Technology
• Information technology is a label that has two meanings. In the broadest sense, the term
information technology is often used to refer to all of computing. In academia, it refers to
undergraduate degree programs that prepare students to meet the computer technology needs of
business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organizations.

• In the previous section, we said that Information Systems focuses on the information aspects of
information technology. Information Technology is the complement of that perspective: its
emphasis is on the technology itself more than on the information it conveys.
Descriptions of the major computing disciplines
Software Engineering
• Software engineering is the discipline of developing and maintaining software systems that
behave reliably and efficiently, are affordable to develop and maintain.
• Software engineering students learn more about software reliability and maintenance and
focus more on
techniques for developing and maintaining software that is correct from its inception.
• In general, software engineers adopt a systematic and organized approach to their work,
as this is often the most effective way to produce high-quality software.
What is Information Technology (IT) *
• Information technology (IT) is a broad discipline that deals with all aspects of technology,
processing, and management of information, especially in large organizations, by dealing
with computer software and electronic devices in order to transfer, store, protect, process,
transmit and retrieve information.
• Information technology (IT) has been divided into two sections:
• Physical Section
The physical part is the devices used in the process of communication from
computers and office and telephones to the wires used in the manufacture of networks
that are connected with all devices to complete the transfer of information from one
side to another.
• Scientific section
It is about programming languages, computational engineering, and artificial
intelligence that manage the communication process according to steps determined by
the administrator or engineer.

*Reference: https://www.scientificworldinfo.com/2020/03/different-application-areas-of-information-technology.
html
Cybersecurity (CSEC) ?

Data Science (DS) ?


1. Network and Computer Systems Administrators.
2. Computer and Information Systems Managers.
Top 20 IT Career 3. Information Security Analysts.
4. Computer Network Architects.
Paths: Today and 5. Computer user support specialists.
6. Computer technical support specialists.

Tomorrow * 7. Computer forensic investigator.


8. Computer systems engineer.
9. Computer Systems Analysts.
10. Computer Programmers.
11. Data warehouse analyst.
12. Cloud architect.
13. Data solutions architect.
14. Software and hardware engineer.
15. IT project manager.
16. IT consultant.
17. Health IT specialist.
18. Database Administrators.
*Reference: https://www.scientificworldinfo. 19. Information technology vendor manager.
com/2020/03/different-application-areas-of- 20. Mobile application and Web Developers.
information-technology.html

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