Java Tutorial

Java is an object-oriented, class-based, concurrent, secured and general-purpose

computer-programming language. It is a widely used robust technology.

What is Java
Java is a programming language and a platform. Java is a high level, robust, object-
oriented and secure programming language.

Java was developed by Sun Microsystems (which is now the subsidiary of Oracle) in the
year 1995. James Gosling is known as the father of Java. Before Java, its name was Oak.
Since Oak was already a registered company, so James Gosling and his team changed
the Oak name to Java.

Platform: Any hardware or software environment in which a program runs, is known

as a platform. Since Java has a runtime environment (JRE) and API, it is called a
platform.

Java Example
Let's have a quick look at Java programming example. A detailed description of Hello
Java example is available in next page.

1. class Simple{
2. public static void main(String args[]){
3. System.out.println("Hello Java");
4. }
5. }

Application
According to Sun, 3 billion devices run Java. There are many devices where Java is
currently used. Some of them are as follows:

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1. Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player, antivirus, etc.

2. Web Applications such as irctc.co.in, javatpoint.com, etc.
3. Enterprise Applications such as banking applications.
4. Mobile
5. Embedded System
6. Smart Card
7. Robotics
8. Games, etc.

Types of Java Applications

There are mainly 4 types of applications that can be created using Java programming:

1) Standalone Application

Standalone applications are also known as desktop applications or window-based

applications. These are traditional software that we need to install on every machine.
Examples of standalone application are Media player, antivirus, etc. AWT and Swing
are used in Java for creating standalone applications.

2) Web Application

An application that runs on the server side and creates a dynamic page is called a web
application. Currently, Servlet, JSP, Struts, Spring, Hibernate, JSF, etc. technologies are
used for creating web applications in Java.

3) Enterprise Application

An application that is distributed in nature, such as banking applications, etc. is called

enterprise application. It has advantages of the high-level security, load balancing, and
clustering. In Java, EJB is used for creating enterprise applications.

4) Mobile Application

An application which is created for mobile devices is called a mobile application.

Currently, Android and Java ME are used for creating mobile applications.
Java Platforms / Editions
There are 4 platforms or editions of Java:

1) Java SE (Java Standard Edition)

It is a Java programming platform. It includes Java programming APIs such as java.lang,

java.io, java.net, java.util, java.sql, java.math etc. It includes core topics like
OOPs, String, Regex, Exception, Inner classes, Multithreading, I/O Stream, Networking,
AWT, Swing, Reflection, Collection, etc.

2) Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition)

It is an enterprise platform which is mainly used to develop web and enterprise applications.
It is built on the top of the Java SE platform. It includes topics like Servlet, JSP, Web
Services, EJB, JPA, etc.

3) Java ME (Java Micro Edition)

It is a micro platform which is mainly used to develop mobile applications.

4) JavaFX

It is used to develop rich internet applications. It uses a light-weight user interface API.

History of Java
1. History of Java
2. Java Version History

The history of Java is very interesting. Java was originally designed for interactive
television, but it was too advanced technology for the digital cable television industry
at the time. The history of Java starts with the Green Team. Java team members (also
known as Green Team), initiated this project to develop a language for digital devices
such as set-top boxes, televisions, etc. However, it was suited for internet
programming. Later, Java technology was incorporated by Netscape.

The principles for creating Java programming were "Simple, Robust, Portable,
Platform-independent, Secured, High Performance, Multithreaded, Architecture
Neutral, Object-Oriented, Interpreted, and Dynamic". Java was developed by James
Gosling, who is known as the father of Java, in 1995. James Gosling and his team
members started the project in the early '90s.
Currently, Java is used in internet programming, mobile devices, games, e-business
solutions, etc. There are given significant points that describe the history of Java.

1) James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language
project in June 1991. The small team of sun engineers called Green Team.

2) Initially designed for small, embedded systems in electronic appliances like set-top
boxes.

3) Firstly, it was called "Greentalk" by James Gosling, and the file extension was .gt.

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4) After that, it was called Oak and was developed as a part of the Green project.

Why Java named "Oak"?

5) Why Oak? Oak is a symbol of strength and chosen as a national tree of many
countries like the U.S.A., France, Germany, Romania, etc.
6) In 1995, Oak was renamed as "Java" because it was already a trademark by Oak
Technologies.

Why Java Programming named "Java"?

7) Why had they chosen java name for Java language? The team gathered to
choose a new name. The suggested words were "dynamic", "revolutionary", "Silk",
"jolt", "DNA", etc. They wanted something that reflected the essence of the technology:
revolutionary, dynamic, lively, cool, unique, and easy to spell and fun to say.

According to James Gosling, "Java was one of the top choices along with Silk". Since
Java was so unique, most of the team members preferred Java than other names.

8) Java is an island of Indonesia where the first coffee was produced (called java coffee).
It is a kind of espresso bean. Java name was chosen by James Gosling while having
coffee near his office.

9) Notice that Java is just a name, not an acronym.

10) Initially developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which is now a subsidiary of
Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995.

11) In 1995, Time magazine called Java one of the Ten Best Products of 1995.

12) JDK 1.0 released in(January 23, 1996). After the first release of Java, there have been
many additional features added to the language. Now Java is being used in Windows
applications, Web applications, enterprise applications, mobile applications, cards, etc.
Each new version adds the new features in Java.

ava Version History

Many java versions have been released till now. The current stable release of Java is
Java SE 10.

1. JDK Alpha and Beta (1995)

2. JDK 1.0 (23rd Jan 1996)
3. JDK 1.1 (19th Feb 1997)
4. J2SE 1.2 (8th Dec 1998)
5. J2SE 1.3 (8th May 2000)
6. J2SE 1.4 (6th Feb 2002)
7. J2SE 5.0 (30th Sep 2004)
8. Java SE 6 (11th Dec 2006)
9. Java SE 7 (28th July 2011)
10. Java SE 8 (18th Mar 2014)
11. Java SE 9 (21st Sep 2017)
12. Java SE 10 (20th Mar 2018)