LabExercise 1

#Calculate the multiplication and sum of two numbers

def multiplication_or_sum(num1, num2):

product = num1 * num2

if product <= 1000:

return product
else:

return num1 + num2

result = multiplication_or_sum(20, 30)

print("The result is", result)

The result is 600

# Print the Sum of a Current Number and a Previous number

print("Printing current and previous number and their sum in a

range(10)")
previous_num = 0

# loop from 1 to 10
for i in range(1, 11):
x_sum = previous_num + i
print("Current Number", i, "Previous Number ", previous_num, "
Sum: ", x_sum)

previous_num = i

Printing current and previous number and their sum in a range(10)

Current Number 1 Previous Number 0 Sum: 1
Current Number 2 Previous Number 1 Sum: 3
Current Number 3 Previous Number 2 Sum: 5
Current Number 4 Previous Number 3 Sum: 7
Current Number 5 Previous Number 4 Sum: 9
Current Number 6 Previous Number 5 Sum: 11
Current Number 7 Previous Number 6 Sum: 13
Current Number 8 Previous Number 7 Sum: 15
Current Number 9 Previous Number 8 Sum: 17
Current Number 10 Previous Number 9 Sum: 19

#Print characters present at an even index number

word = input('Enter word ')

print("Original String:", word)
size = len(word)

print("Printing only even index chars")

for i in range(0, size - 1, 2):
print("index[", i, "]", word[i])

Enter word ayush

Original String: ayush
Printing only even index chars
index[ 0 ] a
index[ 2 ] u

#Remove first n characters from a string

def remove_chars(word, n):

print('Original string:', word)
x = word[n:]
return x

print("Removing characters from a string")

print(remove_chars("pynative", 4))
print(remove_chars("pynative", 2))

Removing characters from a string

Original string: pynative
tive
Original string: pynative
native

#Check if the first and last numbers of a list are the same

def first_last_same(numberList):
print("Given list:", numberList)

first_num = numberList[0]
last_num = numberList[-1]

if first_num == last_num:
return True
else:
return False

numbers_x = [10, 20, 30, 40, 10]

print("result is", first_last_same(numbers_x))

numbers_y = [75, 65, 35, 75, 30]

print("result is", first_last_same(numbers_y))

Given list: [10, 20, 30, 40, 10]

result is True
Given list: [75, 65, 35, 75, 30]
result is False

#Display numbers divisible by 5

num_list = [10, 20, 33, 46, 55]

print("Given list:", num_list)
print('Divisible by 5:')
for num in num_list:
if num % 5 == 0:
print(num)

Given list: [10, 20, 33, 46, 55]

Divisible by 5:
10
20
55

# Find the number of occurrences of a substring in a string

str_x = "Emma is good developer. Emma is a writer"
# use count method of a str class
cnt = str_x.count("Emma")
print(cnt)

#Check Palindrome Number

def palindrome(number):
print("original number", number)
original_num = number

# reverse the given number

reverse_num = 0
while number > 0:
reminder = number % 10
reverse_num = (reverse_num * 10) + reminder
number = number // 10

# check numbers
if original_num == reverse_num:
print("Given number palindrome")
else:
print("Given number is not palindrome")

palindrome(121)
palindrome(125)

original number 121

Given number palindrome
original number 125
Given number is not palindrome

# Merge two lists using the following condition

def merge_list(list1, list2):
result_list = []

for num in list1:

if num % 2 != 0:

result_list.append(num)

for num in list2:

if num % 2 == 0:

result_list.append(num)
return result_list

list1 = [10, 20, 25, 30, 35]

list2 = [40, 45, 60, 75, 90]
print("result list:", merge_list(list1, list2))

result list: [25, 35, 40, 60, 90]

#Get an int value of base raises to the power of exponent

def exponent(base, exp):

num = exp
result = 1
while num > 0:
result = result * base
num = num - 1
print(base, "raises to the power of", exp, "is: ", result)

exponent(5, 4)

5 raises to the power of 4 is: 625

LabExercise 2

# Accept numbers from a user

num1 = int(input("Enter first number "))

num2 = int(input("Enter second number "))

res = num1 * num2

print("Multiplication is", res)

Enter first number 23

Enter second number 21
Multiplication is 483

# Display three string “Name”, “Is”, “James” as “Name**Is**James”

print('My', 'Name', 'Is', 'James', sep='**')

My**Name**Is**James

#Convert Decimal number to octal using print() output formatting

num = 8
print('%o' % num)

10

#Display float number with 2 decimal places using print()

num = 458.541315
print('%.2f' % num)

458.54

#Accept a list of 5 float numbers as an input from the user

numbers = []

for i in range(0, 5):

print("Enter number at location", i, ":")

item = float(input())

numbers.append(item)

print("User List:", numbers)

Enter number at location 0 :

1.2
Enter number at location 1 :
2.1
Enter number at location 2 :
3.2
Enter number at location 3 :
4.2
Enter number at location 4 :
5.3
User List: [1.2, 2.1, 3.2, 4.2, 5.3]

# Accept any three string from one input() call

str1, str2, str3 = input("Enter three string").split()
print('Name1:', str1)
print('Name2:', str2)
print('Name3:', str3)

Enter three stringayush aditya anamika

Name1: ayush
Name2: aditya
Name3: anamika

# Format variables using a string.format() method.

quantity = 3
totalMoney = 1000
price = 450
statement1 = "I have {1} dollars so I can buy {0} football for {2:.2f}
dollars."
print(statement1.format(quantity, totalMoney, price))

I have 1000 dollars so I can buy 3 football for 450.00 dollars.

# Print first 10 natural numbers using while loop

i = 1
while i <= 10:
print(i)
i += 1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

# Calculate sum of all numbers from 1 to a given number

s = 0
n = int(input("Enter number "))

for i in range(1, n + 1, 1):

s += i
print("\n")
print("Sum is: ", s)

Enter number 6

Sum is: 21

# Print multiplication table of a given number

n = 2

for i in range(1, 11, 1):

product = n * i
print(product)

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20

# Display numbers from a list using a loop

numbers = [12, 75, 150, 180, 145, 525, 50]

for item in numbers:

if item > 500:
break
elif item > 150:
continue

elif item % 5 == 0:
print(item)

75
150
145

# Count the total number of digits in a number

num = 75869
count = 0
while num != 0:

num = num // 10

count = count + 1
print("Total digits are:", count)

Total digits are: 5

# Print list in reverse order using a loop

list1 = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

new_list = reversed(list1)

for item in new_list:

print(item)

50
40
30
20
10

# Display numbers from -10 to -1 using for loop

for num in range(-10, 0, 1):
print(num)

-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1

# Display a message “Done” after the successful execution of the for

loop

for i in range(5):
print(i)
else:
print("Done!")

0
1
2
3
4
Done!

# Print all prime numbers within a range

start = 25
end = 50
print("Prime numbers between", start, "and", end, "are:")

for num in range(start, end + 1):

if num > 1:
for i in range(2, num):

if (num % i) == 0:

break
else:
print(num)

Prime numbers between 25 and 50 are:

29
31
37
41
43
47

# Display Fibonacci series up to 10 terms

num1, num2 = 0, 1

print("Fibonacci sequence:")

for i in range(10):

print(num1, end=" ")

res = num1 + num2

num1 = num2
num2 = res

Fibonacci sequence:
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

# Find the factorial of a given number

num = 5
factorial = 1
if num < 0:
print("Factorial does not exist for negative numbers")
elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:

for i in range(1, num + 1):

factorial = factorial * i
print("The factorial of", num, "is", factorial)

The factorial of 5 is 120

# Reverse a integer number

num = 76542
reverse_number = 0
print("Given Number ", num)
while num > 0:
reminder = num % 10
reverse_number = (reverse_number * 10) + reminder
num = num // 10
print("Revere Number ", reverse_number)
Given Number 76542
Revere Number 24567

# Print elements from a given list present at odd index positions

my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
for i in my_list[1::2]:
print(i, end=" ")

20 40 60 80 100

# Calculate the cube of all numbers from 1 to a given number

input_number = 6
for i in range(1, input_number + 1):
print("Current Number is :", i, " and the cube is", (i * i * i))

Current Number is : 1 and the cube is 1

Current Number is : 2 and the cube is 8
Current Number is : 3 and the cube is 27
Current Number is : 4 and the cube is 64
Current Number is : 5 and the cube is 125
Current Number is : 6 and the cube is 216

# Find the sum of the series up to n terms

n = 5

start = 2
sum_seq = 0

for i in range(0, n):

print(start, end="+")
sum_seq += start

start = start * 10 + 2
print("\nSum of above series is:", sum_seq)

2+22+222+2222+22222+
Sum of above series is: 24690
# Exercise 1: Create a function in Python
# Write a program to create a function that takes two arguments, name
and age, and print their value.

def Name(name, age):

# print value
print(name, age)

Name("Ayush", 20)

Ayush 20

# Exercise 2: Create a function with variable length of arguments

# Write a program to create function func1() to accept a variable
length of arguments and print their value.

def func1(*args):
for i in args:
print(i)

func1(20, 40, 60)

func1(80, 100)

20
40
60
80
100

# Exercise 3: Return multiple values from a function

# Write a program to create function calculation() such that it can

accept two variables
# and calculate addition and subtraction.
# Also, it must return both addition and subtraction in a single
return call.

def calculation(a, b):

addition = a + b
subtraction = a - b

return addition, subtraction

res = calculation(40, 10)
print(res)

(50, 30)

# Exercise 4: Create a function with a default argument

# Write a program to create a function show_employee() using the
following conditions.

# It should accept the employee’s name and salary and display both.
# If the salary is missing in the function call then assign default
value 9000 to salary

def show_employee(name, salary=9000):

print("Name:", name, "salary:", salary)

show_employee("Ayush", 12000)
show_employee("Raj")

Name: Ayush salary: 12000

Name: Raj salary: 9000

# Exercise 5: Create an inner function to calculate the addition in

the following way

# Create an outer function that will accept two parameters, a and b

# Create an inner function inside an outer function that will
calculate the addition of a and b
# At last, an outer function will add 5 into addition and return it

def outer_fun(a, b):

square = a ** 2

def addition(a, b):

return a + b

add = addition(a, b)

return add + 5

result = outer_fun(5, 10)

print(result)

20
# Exercise 6: Create a recursive function
# Write a program to create a recursive function to calculate the sum
of numbers from 0 to 10.

# A recursive function is a function that calls itself again and again

def addition(num):
if num:

return num + addition(num - 1)

else:
return 0

res = addition(10)
print(res)

55

# Exercise 7: Assign a different name to function and call it through

the new name
# Below is the function display_student(name, age). Assign a new name
show_tudent(name, age) to it
# and call it using the new name.

def display_student(name, age):

print(name, age)

display_student("Ayush", 20)

# assign new name

showStudent = display_student
# call using new name
showStudent("Raj", 20)

Ayush 20
Raj 20

# Exercise 8: Generate a Python list of all the even numbers between 4

to 30

print(list(range(4, 30, 2)))

[4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28]

# Exercise 9: Find the largest item from a given list

x = [4, 6, 8, 24, 12, 2]
print(max(x))

24
 lists

March 8, 2025

[1]: # Exercise 1: Reverse a list in Python

list1 = [100, 200, 300, 400, 500]

list1 = list1[::-1]
print(list1)

[500, 400, 300, 200, 100]

[2]: # Exercise 2: Concatenate two lists index-wise

list1 = ["M", "na", "i", "AYUS"]

list2 = ["y", "me", "s", "H"]
list3 = [i + j for i, j in zip(list1, list2)]
print(list3)

['My', 'name', 'is', 'AYUSH']

[4]: # Exercise 3: Turn every item of a list into its square

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
# result list
res = []
for i in numbers:

res.append(i * i)
print(res)

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49]

[5]: # Exercise 4: Concatenate two lists in the following order

list1 = ["Hello ", "take "]

list2 = ["Dear", "Sir"]

res = [x + y for x in list1 for y in list2]

print(res)

['Hello Dear', 'Hello Sir', 'take Dear', 'take Sir']

1
[6]: # Exercise 5: Iterate both lists simultaneously

list1 = [10, 20, 30, 40]

list2 = [100, 200, 300, 400]

for x, y in zip(list1, list2[::-1]):

print(x, y)

10 400
20 300
30 200
40 100

[7]: # Exercise 6: Remove empty strings from the list of strings

list1 = ["Mike", "", "Emma", "Kelly", "", "Brad"]

# remove None from list1 and convert result into list

res = list(filter(None, list1))
print(res)

['Mike', 'Emma', 'Kelly', 'Brad']

[9]: # Exercise 7: Add new item to list after a specified item

list1 = [10, 20, [300, 400, [5000, 6000], 500], 30, 40]

list1[2][2].append(7000)
print(list1)

[10, 20, [300, 400, [5000, 6000, 7000], 500], 30, 40]

[10]: # Exercise 8: Extend nested list by adding the sublist

list1 = ["a", "b", ["c", ["d", "e", ["f", "g"], "k"], "l"], "m", "n"]
sub_list = ["h", "i", "j"]

list1[2][1][2].extend(sub_list)
print(list1)

['a', 'b', ['c', ['d', 'e', ['f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'], 'k'], 'l'], 'm', 'n']

[12]: # EXERCISE 9 --> REPLACE ITS ITEMS FROM THE NEW VALUE IF FOUND

2
 list1 = [5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 20]

# get the first occurrence index

index = list1.index(20)

# update item present at location

list1[index] = 200
print(list1)

[5, 10, 15, 200, 25, 50, 20]

[13]: # Exercise 10: Remove all occurrences of a specific item from a list.

list1 = [5, 20, 15, 20, 25, 50, 20]

def remove_value(sample_list, val):

return [i for i in sample_list if i != val]

res = remove_value(list1, 20)

print(res)

[5, 15, 25, 50]

[ ]:

3
# Exercise 1: Convert two lists into a dictionary

keys = ['Ten', 'Twenty', 'Thirty']

values = [10, 20, 30]

res_dict = dict(zip(keys, values))

print(res_dict)

{'Ten': 10, 'Twenty': 20, 'Thirty': 30}

# Exercise 2: Merge two Python dictionaries into one

dict1 = {'Ten': 10, 'Twenty': 20, 'Thirty': 30}

dict2 = {'Thirty': 30, 'Fourty': 40, 'Fifty': 50}

dict3 = {**dict1, **dict2}

print(dict3)

{'Ten': 10, 'Twenty': 20, 'Thirty': 30, 'Fourty': 40, 'Fifty': 50}

# Exercise 3: Print the value of key ‘history’ from the below dict

sampleDict = {
"class": {
"student": {
"name": "Mike",
"marks": {
"physics": 70,
"history": 80
}
}
}
}

print(sampleDict['class']['student']['marks']['history'])

80

# Exercise 4: Initialize dictionary with default values

employees = ['Kelly', 'Emma']

defaults = {"designation": 'Developer', "salary": 8000}

res = dict.fromkeys(employees, defaults)

print(res)

# Individual data
print(res["Kelly"])
{'Kelly': {'designation': 'Developer', 'salary': 8000}, 'Emma':
{'designation': 'Developer', 'salary': 8000}}
{'designation': 'Developer', 'salary': 8000}

# Exercise 5: Create a dictionary by extracting the keys from a given

dictionary

sampleDict = {
"name": "Kelly",
"age":25,
"salary": 8000,
"city": "New york" }

keys = ["name", "salary"]

newDict = {k: sampleDict[k] for k in keys}

print(newDict)

{'name': 'Kelly', 'salary': 8000}

# Exercise 6: Delete a list of keys from a dictionary

sample_dict = {
"name": "Kelly",
"age": 25,
"salary": 8000,
"city": "New york"
}
# Keys to remove
keys = ["name", "salary"]

sample_dict = {k: sample_dict[k] for k in sample_dict.keys() - keys}

print(sample_dict)

{'city': 'New york', 'age': 25}

# Exercise 7: Check if a value exists in a dictionary

sample_dict = {'a': 100, 'b': 200, 'c': 300}

if 200 in sample_dict.values():
print('200 present in a dict')

200 present in a dict

# Exercise 8: Rename key of a dictionary

sample_dict = {
"name": "Kelly",
"age": 25,
"salary": 8000,
"city": "New york"
}

sample_dict['location'] = sample_dict.pop('city')
print(sample_dict)

{'name': 'Kelly', 'age': 25, 'salary': 8000, 'location': 'New york'}

# Exercise 9: Get the key of a minimum value from the following

dictionary

sample_dict = {
'Physics': 82,
'Math': 65,
'history': 75
}
print(min(sample_dict, key=sample_dict.get))

Math

# Exercise 10: Change value of a key in a nested dictionary

sample_dict = {
'emp1': {'name': 'Jhon', 'salary': 7500},
'emp2': {'name': 'Emma', 'salary': 8000},
'emp3': {'name': 'Brad', 'salary': 6500}
}

sample_dict['emp3']['salary'] = 8500
print(sample_dict)

{'emp1': {'name': 'Jhon', 'salary': 7500}, 'emp2': {'name': 'Emma',

'salary': 8000}, 'emp3': {'name': 'Brad', 'salary': 8500}}
# Exercise 1: Add a list of elements to a set

sample_set = {"Yellow", "Orange", "Black"}

sample_list = ["Blue", "Green", "Red"]

sample_set.update(sample_list)
print(sample_set)

{'Blue', 'Black', 'Red', 'Green', 'Orange', 'Yellow'}

# Exercise 2: Return a new set of identical items from two sets

set1 = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
set2 = {30, 40, 50, 60, 70}

print(set1.intersection(set2))

{40, 50, 30}

# Exercise 3: Get Only unique items from two sets

set1 = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}

set2 = {30, 40, 50, 60, 70}

print(set1.union(set2))

{70, 40, 10, 50, 20, 60, 30}

# Exercise 4: Update the first set with items that don’t exist in the
second set
set1 = {10, 20, 30}
set2 = {20, 40, 50}

set1.difference_update(set2)
print(set1)

{10, 30}

# Exercise 5: Remove items from the set at once

set1 = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}

set1.difference_update({10, 20, 30})
print(set1)

{50, 40}

# Exercise 6: Return a set of elements present in Set A or B, but not

both
set1 = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
set2 = {30, 40, 50, 60, 70}

print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))
{20, 70, 10, 60}

# Exercise 7: Check if two sets have any elements in common. If yes,

display the common elements

set1 = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}

set2 = {60, 70, 80, 90, 10}

if set1.isdisjoint(set2):
print("Two sets have no items in common")
else:
print("Two sets have items in common")
print(set1.intersection(set2))

Two sets have items in common

{10}

# Exercise 8: Update set1 by adding items from set2, except common

items
set1 = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
set2 = {30, 40, 50, 60, 70}

set1.symmetric_difference_update(set2)
print(set1)

{20, 70, 10, 60}

# Exercise 9: Remove items from set1 that are not common to both set1
and set2

set1 = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}

set2 = {30, 40, 50, 60, 70}

set1.intersection_update(set2)
print(set1)
# Exercise 1: Reverse the tuple

tuple1 = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)

tuple1 = tuple1[::-1]
print(tuple1)

(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)

# Exercise 2: Access value 20 from the tuple

tuple1 = ("Orange", [10, 20, 30], (5, 15, 25))

print(tuple1[1][1])

20

# Exercise 3: Create a tuple with single item 50

tuple1= (50, )
print(tuple1)

(50,)

# Exercise 4: Unpack the tuple into 4 variables

tuple1 = (10, 20, 30, 40)

a, b, c, d = tuple1
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)

10
20
30
40

# Exercise 5: Swap two tuples in Python

tuple1 = (11, 22)

tuple2 = (99, 88)
tuple1, tuple2 = tuple2, tuple1
print(tuple2)
print(tuple1)

(11, 22)
(99, 88)

# Exercise 6: Copy specific elements from one tuple to a new tuple

tuple1 = (11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66)
tuple2 = tuple1[3:-1]
print(tuple2)
(44, 55)

# Exercise 7: Modify the tuple

tuple1 = (11, [22, 33], 44, 55)

tuple1[1][0] = 222
print(tuple1)

(11, [222, 33], 44, 55)

# Exercise 8: Sort a tuple of tuples by 2nd item

tuple1 = (('a', 23), ('b', 37), ('c', 11), ('d', 29))
tuple1 = tuple(sorted(list(tuple1), key=lambda x: x[1]))
print(tuple1)

(('c', 11), ('a', 23), ('d', 29), ('b', 37))

# Exercise 9: Counts the number of occurrences of item 50 from a tuple

tuple1 = (50, 10, 60, 70, 50)
print(tuple1.count(50))

# Exercise 10: Check if all items in the tuple are the same

def check(t):
return all(i == t[0] for i in t)

tuple1 = (45, 45, 45, 45)

print(check(tuple1))

True
# Exercise 1
# Create a string made of the first, middle and last character

str1 = 'Ayush'
print("Given string is: ", str1)

first_character = str1[0]

length_of_the_string = len(str1)

middle_index_of_the_string = int(length_of_the_string / 2)

first_character = first_character + str1[middle_index_of_the_string]

first_character = first_character + str1[length_of_the_string - 1]

print("String with first middle and the last character is: ",
first_character)

Given string is: Ayush

String with first middle and the last character is: Auh

# Exercise 2: Append new string in the middle of a given string

# Given two strings, s1 and s2. Write a program to create a new string
s3 by appending s2 in the middle of s1.

s1 = "Ault"
s2 = "Kelly"

lenght_of_the_string_s1 = len(s1)

middle_index_of_the_s1 = int(lenght_of_the_string_s1/2)

get_char_from_zero_to_middle = x = s1[:middle_index_of_the_s1:]

get_char_from_zero_to_middle = get_char_from_zero_to_middle + s2

get_char_from_zero_to_middle = get_char_from_zero_to_middle +
s1[middle_index_of_the_s1:]

print(get_char_from_zero_to_middle)
AuKellylt

# Exercise 3: Create a new string made of the first, middle, and last
characters of each input string

# Given two strings, s1 and s2, write a program to return a new string
made
# of s1 and s2’s first, middle, and last characters.

s1 = "America"
s2 = "Japan"

first_char = s1[0] + s2[0]

middle_char = s1[int(len(s1) / 2):int(len(s1) / 2) + 1] +

s2[int(len(s2) / 2):int(len(s2) / 2) + 1]

last_char = s1[len(s1) - 1] + s2[len(s2) - 1]

res = first_char + middle_char + last_char
print("Mix String is ", res)

Mix String is AJrpan

# Exercise 4: Arrange string characters such that lowercase letters

should come first

# # Given string contains a combination of the lower and upper case

letters.
# Write a program to arrange the characters of a string so that all
lowercase letters should come first.

str1 = "PyNaTive"

lower = []
upper = []

for char in str1:

if char.islower():

lower.append(char)
else:
upper.append(char)
sorted_str = ''.join(lower + upper)
print('Result:', sorted_str)

Result: yaivePNT

# Exercise 5: Count all letters, digits, and special symbols from a

given string

str1 = "P@#yn26at^&i5ve"

char_count = 0
digit_count = 0
symbol_count = 0

for char in str1:

if char.isalpha():

char_count += 1
elif char.isdigit():
digit_count += 1

else:
symbol_count += 1

print("Chars =", char_count, "Digits =", digit_count, "Symbol =",

symbol_count)

Chars = 8 Digits = 3 Symbol = 4

# Exercise 6: Create a mixed String using the following rules

# Given two strings, s1 and s2. Write a program to create a new string
s3 made of the first char of s1,
# then the last char of s2, Next, the second char of s1 and second
last char of s2, and so on.
# Any leftover chars go at the end of the result.

s1 = "Abc"
s2 = "Xyz"

s1_length = len(s1)
s2_length = len(s2)

length = s1_length if s1_length > s2_length else s2_length

result = ""

s2 = s2[::-1]
for i in range(length):
if i < s1_length:
result = result + s1[i]
if i < s2_length:
result = result + s2[i]

print(result)

AzbycX

# Exercise 7: String characters balance Test

# Write a program to check if two strings are balanced. For example,

strings s1 and s2 are balanced
# if all the characters in the s1 are present in s2. The character’s
position doesn’t matter.

def string_balance_test(s1, s2):

flag = True
for char in s1:
if char in s2:
continue
else:
flag = False
return flag

s1 = "Yn"
s2 = "PYnative"
flag = string_balance_test(s1, s2)
print("s1 and s2 are balanced:", flag)

s1 and s2 are balanced: True

# Exercise 8: Find all occurrences of a substring in a given string by

ignoring the case

# Write a program to find all occurrences of “USA” in a given string

ignoring the case.

str1 = "Welcome to USA. usa awesome, isn't it?"

sub_string = "USA"

temp_str = str1.lower()
# use count function
count = temp_str.count(sub_string.lower())
print("The USA count is:", count)

The USA count is: 2

# Exercise 9: Calculate the sum and average of the digits present in a

string

# Given a string s1, write a program to return the sum and average of
the digits that appear in the string,
# ignoring all other characters.

input_str = "PYnative29@#8496"
total = 0
cnt = 0
for char in input_str:
if char.isdigit():
total += int(char)
cnt += 1

avg = total / cnt

print("Sum is:", total, "Average is ", avg)

Sum is: 38 Average is 6.333333333333333

# Exercise 10: Write a program to count occurrences of all characters

within a string

str1 = "Apple"

char_dict = dict()

for char in str1:

count = str1.count(char)

char_dict[char] = count
print('Result:', char_dict)

Result: {'A': 1, 'p': 2, 'l': 1, 'e': 1}

# Exercise 11: Reverse a given string

str1 = "PYnative"
print("Original String is:", str1)

str1 = str1[::-1]
print("Reversed String is:", str1)

Original String is: PYnative

Reversed String is: evitanYP
# Exercise 12: Find the last position of a given substring

# Write a program to find the last position of a substring “Emma” in a

given string.

str1 = "Emma is a data scientist who knows Python. Emma works at

google."
print("Original String is:", str1)

index = str1.rfind("Emma")
print("Last occurrence of Emma starts at index:", index)

Original String is: Emma is a data scientist who knows Python. Emma
works at google.
Last occurrence of Emma starts at index: 43

# Exercise 13 Split a string on hyphens

# Write a program to split a given string on hyphens and display each

substring.

str1 = "Emma-is-a-data-scientist"
print("Original String is:", str1)

# split string
sub_strings = str1.split("-")

print("Displaying each substring")

for sub in sub_strings:
print(sub)

Original String is: Emma-is-a-data-scientist

Displaying each substring
Emma
is
a
data
scientist

# Exercise 14: Remove empty strings from a list of strings

str_list = ["Emma", "Jon", "", "Kelly", None, "Eric", ""]

res_list = []
for s in str_list:

if s:
res_list.append(s)
print(res_list)

['Emma', 'Jon', 'Kelly', 'Eric']

# Exercise 15: Remove special symbols / punctuation from a string

import string

str1 = "/*Jon is @developer & musician"

print("Original string is ", str1)

new_str = str1.translate(str.maketrans('', '', string.punctuation))

print("New string is ->> ", new_str)

Original string is /*Jon is @developer & musician

New string is ->> Jon is developer musician

# Exercise 16: Removal all characters from a string except integers

str1 = 'I am 25 years and 10 months old'

print("Original string is", str1)

res = "".join([item for item in str1 if item.isdigit()])

print(res)

Original string is I am 25 years and 10 months old

2510

# Exercise 17: Find words with both alphabets and numbers

str1 = "Emma25 is Data scientist50 and AI Expert"

print("The original string is : " + str1)

res = []

temp = str1.split()

for item in temp:

if any(char.isalpha() for char in item) and any(char.isdigit() for
char in item):
res.append(item)

print("Displaying words with alphabets and numbers")

for i in res:
print(i)

The original string is : Emma25 is Data scientist50 and AI Expert

Displaying words with alphabets and numbers
Emma25
scientist50

# Exercise 18: Replace each special symbol with # in the following

string
import string

str1 = '/*Jon is @developer & musician!!'

print("The original string is : ", str1)

replace_char = '#'

for char in string.punctuation:

str1 = str1.replace(char, replace_char)

print("The strings after replacement : ", str1)

The original string is : /*Jon is @developer & musician!!

The strings after replacement : ##Jon is #developer # musician##
 jw1o9b0dn

March 8, 2025

[2]: # The basic validation

# A simple Python regex to validate string against email format and catch the␣
↪most obvious syntax errors:

# this is the pattern r"^\S+@\S+\.\S+$"

# --------> Python code

import re

email_validate_pattern = r"^\S+@\S+\.\S+$"

re.match(email_validate_pattern, "[email protected]")

extract_email_pattern = r"\S+@\S+\.\S+"

re.findall(extract_email_pattern, 'You can reach me out at [email protected]␣

↪and [email protected]')

[2]: ['[email protected]', '[email protected]']

[3]: # ZIP code regex

# A regular expression to test a string against ZIP code format:

# ---> this is the pattern "^[0-9]{5}(?:-[0-9]{4})?$"

# ---------> python code

import re

# Validate ZIP code

1
 words_pattern = "^[0-9]{5}(?:-[0-9]{4})?$"
re.match(words_pattern, '80001')
re.match(words_pattern, '80001-2222')
re.match(words_pattern, '800010')

# Extract ZIP code from a string

words_extract_pattern = "[0-9]{5}(?:-[0-9]{4})?"
re.findall(words_extract_pattern, 'My zip code is 80001')

[3]: ['80001']

[5]: # Extract value between XML tags

# One of the most common operations with XML and regex is the extraction of the
# text between certain tags (a.k.a. scraping). For this operation, the␣
↪following regular expression can be used.

# ------------> this is the pattern "(?:<from.*?>)(.*?)(?:<\\/from>)"

# Extract text between specific XML tag

xml_pattern = "(?:<from.*?>)(.*?)(?:<\\/from>)"
re.findall(xml_pattern, '<note><to>Tove</to><from>Ayush</
↪from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don\'t forget me this weekend!</body></

↪note>')

[5]: ['Ayush']

[6]: # The basic international phone number validation

# A simple regex to validate string against a valid international phone number␣
↪format without delimiters and

# with an optional plus sign:

# ---------> this is the pattern "^\\+?[1-9][0-9]{7,14}$"

import re

validate_phone_number_pattern = "^\\+?[1-9][0-9]{7,14}$"
re.match(validate_phone_number_pattern, "+12223334444") # Returns Match object

# Extract phone number from a string

extract_phone_number_pattern = "\\+?[1-9][0-9]{7,14}"

2
 re.findall(extract_phone_number_pattern, 'You can reach me out at +12223334444␣
↪and +56667778888')

[6]: ['+12223334444', '+56667778888']

[9]: # Strong password regex

# --------> this is the pattern "^(?=.*?[A-Z])(?=.*?[a-z])(?=.*?[0-9])(?=.*?

↪[#?!@$%^&*-]).{8,}$"

import re

# Validate strong password

password_pattern = "^(?=.*?[A-Z])(?=.*?[a-z])(?=.*?[0-9])(?=.*?[#?!@$%^&*-]).
↪{8,}$"

re.match(password_pattern, 'Ayush') # Returns None

re.match(password_pattern, '-Secr3t.') # Returns Match object

[9]: <re.Match object; span=(0, 8), match='-Secr3t.'>

[10]: # Basic numbers only regex

# Below is a simple regular expression that allows validating if a given string␣
↪contains only numbers:

# ----------> this is the pattern "^\\d+$"

import re

# Validate number
number_pattern = "^\\d+$"
re.match(number_pattern, '42') # Returns Match object
re.match(number_pattern, 'notanumber') # Returns None

# Extract number from a string

number_extract_pattern = "\\d+"
re.findall(number_extract_pattern, 'Your message was viewed 203 times.') #␣
↪returns ['203']

[10]: ['203']

[12]: # Simple word match

3
 # The regular expression to match only words looks like this (including␣
↪compound words):

# ------------> this is the pattern "^\\b(?:\\w|-)+\\b$"

# Validate words
words_pattern = "^\\b(?:\\w|-)+\\b$"
re.match(words_pattern, 'word') # Returns Match object
re.match(words_pattern, 'pet-friendly') # Returns Match object
re.match(words_pattern, 'not a word') # Returns None

# Extract words from a string

words_extract_pattern = "\\b(?:\\w|-)+\\b"
re.findall(words_extract_pattern, 'Hello, world!') # returns ['Hello', 'world',␣
↪'a boy']

[12]: ['Hello', 'world']

[14]: # Simple Mac address regex (IEEE 802)

# Below is a simple mac address regex that supports dashes or colons as␣
↪separators:

# ----------------> this is the pattern "^(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}[:-]){5}(?:

↪[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})$"

import re

# Validate Mac address

mac_address_validate_pattern = "^(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}[:-]){5}(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})$"
re.match(mac_address_validate_pattern, "00:00:5e:00:53:af") # Returns Match␣
↪object

# Extract mac address from a string

extract_mac_address_pattern = "(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}[:-]){5}(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})"
re.findall(extract_mac_address_pattern, 'Unknown error in node 00:00:5e:00:53:
↪af. Terminating.')

[14]: ['00:00:5e:00:53:af']

[16]: # Match all HTML tags

# Below is a simple regex to validate the string against HTML tag pattern.
# This can be later used to remove all tags and leave text only.

4
 # -----> this is the pattern "<(?:\"[^\"]*\"['\"]*|'[^']*'['\"]*|[^'\">])+>"

html_pattern = "<(?:\"[^\"]*\"['\"]*|'[^']*'['\"]*|[^'\">])+>"
re.sub(html_pattern, '', '<html><body>Hello, <b>world</b>!<br /></body></html>')

[16]: 'Hello, world!'

[17]: # Simple date regex (DD/MM/YYYY)

# Below is a simple regex to validate the string against a date format (D/M/
↪YYYY or M/D/YYYY).

# This however does not guarantee that the date would be valid. You can also␣
↪replace \\/ with a separator you need.

# -------> this is the pattern "^[0-9]{1,2}\\/[0-9]{1,2}\\/[0-9]{4}$"

import re

# Validate date
date_pattern = "^[0-9]{1,2}\\/[0-9]{1,2}\\/[0-9]{4}$"
re.match(date_pattern, '12/12/2022') # Returns Match object

# Extract date from a string

date_extract_pattern = "[0-9]{1,2}\\/[0-9]{1,2}\\/[0-9]{4}"
re.findall(date_extract_pattern, 'I\'m on vacation from 1/18/2021 till 1/29/
↪2021')

[17]: ['1/18/2021', '1/29/2021']

[ ]:

5
 untitled10

March 8, 2025

[4]: # import RE module

import re

target_str = "My roll number is 25"

res = re.findall(r"\d", target_str)
# extract mathing value
print(res)

['2', '5']

[7]: # import the RE module

import re

target_string = "Jessa salary is 8000$"

# compile regex pattern

# pattern to match any character
str_pattern = r"\w"
pattern = re.compile(str_pattern)

# match regex pattern at start of the string

res = pattern.match(target_string)
# match character
print(res.group())
# Output 'J'

# search regex pattern anywhere inside string

# pattern to search any digit
res = re.search(r"\d", target_string)
print(res.group())
# Output 8

# pattern to find all digits

res = re.findall(r"\d", target_string)
print(res)
# Output ['8', '0', '0', '0']

# regex to split string on whitespaces

1
 res = re.split(r"\s", target_string)
print("All tokens:", res)
# Output ['Jessa', 'salary', 'is', '8000$']

# regex for replacement

# replace space with hyphen
res = re.sub(r"\s", "-", target_string)
# string after replacement:
print(res)
# Output Jessa-salary-is-8000$

J
8
['8', '0', '0', '0']
All tokens: ['Jessa', 'salary', 'is', '8000$']
Jessa-salary-is-8000$

[8]: import re

# Target String one

str1 = "Emma's luck numbers are 251 761 231 451"

# pattern to find three consecutive digits

string_pattern = r"\d{3}"
# compile string pattern to re.Pattern object
regex_pattern = re.compile(string_pattern)

# print the type of compiled pattern

print(type(regex_pattern))
# Output <class 're.Pattern'>

# find all the matches in string one

result = regex_pattern.findall(str1)
print(result)
# Output ['251', '761', '231', '451']

# Target String two

str2 = "Kelly's luck numbers are 111 212 415"
# find all the matches in second string by reusing the same pattern
result = regex_pattern.findall(str2)
print(result)
# Output ['111', '212', '415']

<class 're.Pattern'>
['251', '761', '231', '451']
['111', '212', '415']

2
[9]: import re

target_string = "Emma is a basketball player who was born on June 17"

result = re.match(r"\w{4}", target_string) #

# printing the Match object

print("Match object: ", result)
# Output re.Match object; span=(0, 4), match='Emma'

# Extract match value

print("Match value: ", result.group())
# Output 'Emma'

Match object: <re.Match object; span=(0, 4), match='Emma'>

Match value: Emma

[10]: import re

# Target String
target_string = "Emma is a baseball player who was born on June 17"

# search() for eight-letter word

result = re.search(r"\w{8}", target_string)

# Print match object

print("Match Object", result)
# output re.Match object; span=(10, 18), match='baseball'

# print the matching word using group() method

print("Matching word: ", result.group())
# Output 'baseball'

Match Object <re.Match object; span=(10, 18), match='baseball'>

Matching word: baseball

[11]: import re

target_string = "Emma is a basketball player who was born on June 17, 1993. She␣
↪played 112 matches with scoring average 26.12 points per game. Her weight is␣

↪51 kg."

result = re.findall(r"\d+", target_string)

# print all matches

print("Found following matches")
print(result)

# Output ['17', '1993', '112', '26', '12', '51']

3
 Found following matches
['17', '1993', '112', '26', '12', '51']

[12]: import re

target_string = "My name is maximums and my luck numbers are 12 45 78"

# split on white-space
word_list = re.split(r"\s+", target_string)
print(word_list)

# Output ['My', 'name', 'is', 'maximums', 'and', 'my', 'luck', 'numbers',␣

↪'are', '12', '45', '78']

['My', 'name', 'is', 'maximums', 'and', 'my', 'luck', 'numbers', 'are', '12',
'45', '78']

[13]: import re

target_str = "Jessa knows testing and machine learning"

res_str = re.sub(r"\s", "_", target_str)
# String after replacement
print(res_str)
# Output 'Jessa_knows_testing_and_machine_learning'

Jessa_knows_testing_and_machine_learning

[14]: import re

target_string = "The price of PINEAPPLE ice cream is 20"

# two groups enclosed in separate ( and ) bracket

result = re.search(r"(\b[A-Z]+\b).+(\b\d+)", target_string)

# Extract matching values of all groups

print(result.groups())
# Output ('PINEAPPLE', '20')

# Extract match value of group 1

print(result.group(1))
# Output 'PINEAPPLE'

# Extract match value of group 2

print(result.group(2))
# Output 20

('PINEAPPLE', '20')
PINEAPPLE
20

4
[15]: import re

target_string = "Emma loves \n Python"

# dot(.) metacharacter to match any character
result = re.search(r'.', target_string)
print(result.group())
# Output 'E'

# .+ to match any string except newline

result = re.search(r'.+', target_string)
print(result.group())
# Output 'Emma loves '

E
Emma loves

[16]: import re

target_str = "Jessa is a Python developer, and her salary is 8000"

# \A to match at the start of a string

# match word starts with capital letter
result = re.findall(r"\A([A-Z].*?)\s", target_str)
print("Matching value", result)
# Output ['Jessa']

# \Z to match at the end of a string

# match number at the end of the string
result = re.findall(r"\d.*?\Z", target_str)
print("Matching value", result)
# Output ['8000']

Matching value ['Jessa']

Matching value ['8000']

[17]: import re

target_str = "KELLy is a Python developer at a PYnative. kelly loves ML and AI"

# Without using re.I

result = re.findall(r"kelly", target_str)
print(result)
# Output ['kelly']

# with re.I
result = re.findall(r"kelly", target_str, re.I)
print(result)

5
 # Output ['KELLy', 'kelly']

# with re.IGNORECASE
result = re.findall(r"kelly", target_str, re.IGNORECASE)
print(result)
# Output ['KELLy', 'kelly']

['kelly']
['KELLy', 'kelly']
['KELLy', 'kelly']

[ ]: