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The document describes a light detector using a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and an operational amplifier (Op-Amp) for various applications such as automatic lighting and security systems. It explains the working principle of the circuit, where the LDR's resistance changes with light intensity, affecting the Op-Amp output to control an LED. Additionally, it outlines the components required and potential applications for the light detection circuit.

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5 views7 pages

Document

The document describes a light detector using a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and an operational amplifier (Op-Amp) for various applications such as automatic lighting and security systems. It explains the working principle of the circuit, where the LDR's resistance changes with light intensity, affecting the Op-Amp output to control an LED. Additionally, it outlines the components required and potential applications for the light detection circuit.

Uploaded by

leeparka019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Light Detector using LDR

A light detector is a device or device component that is used to


recognize the presence of light, often with the goal of initiating
a process in response to light. Many devices for personal and
commercial use incorporate light detectors for a variety of
purposes. A number of styles of cell phones, for instance, have
screens that can automatically increase or decrease brightness
based on the intensity of ambient light. A light detector in such
a device recognizes the presence and intensity of light and
initiates a process that changes the screen brightness for ease
of viewing. Light detectors are also used by researchers in
several different fields, including physics; optics; and in some
cases, even chemistry and biology
Different devices use a wide variety of different light detection
methods based on the overall purpose of the device. One light
detector may, for instance, be made to detect any light at all
while another may only detect certain colors. Light detectors
are often designed to detect and respond to very different
levels of light intensity as well. A cryogenic light detector, for
example, is intended to detect and measure the energy of
individual photons while many detectors for personal use only
respond to light that is, by comparison, very intense.

Many personal electronics and home appliances make use of


light detectors for a variety of purposes. It is not uncommon for
an outdoor light, for instance, to have a light detector that
enables it to automatically turn on or off based on the presence
of light. Likewise, a camera might incorporate a light detector
that automatically determines whether or not to activate the
flash. Computers, phones, and other devices often have
keyboards with backlights that are automatically activated or
deactivated based on the presence or absence of ambient light.
Many toys and handheld gaming devices also use light
detectors for various purposes, such as turning on or off or for
some particular function within a handheld video game.

Outline
Light Detector using LDR and OP – Amp
Circuit Diagram
Components Required
Working of the Circuit
Construction and Output Video
Light Detector using LDR and Transistors
Circuit DiagramComponents Required
Working of the Circuit
Applications

Light Detector using LDR and OP – Amp

Circuit Diagram

Components Required

LM358 OP – Amp IC
Small LDR
10 KΩ Resistor
10 KΩ Potentiometer
White LED
220 Ω Resistor
Connecting wires
Power supply (9V Battery)
Working of the Circuit

The main components of the project are LM358 Op – Amp and


LDR. First let us see about LDR (Light Dependent Resistor). An
LDR, as the name suggests, is a type of resistor, whose
resistance changes depending on the intensity of the light
surrounding it.

Typically, when light is incident directly on the LDR, its


resistance will be very low and when there is no light i.e. in
darker conditions, its resistance jumps to few mega Ohms.

We will use this feature of the LDR is our project to detect light
and turn on an LED. For this we have used an Operational
account Amplifier. The Op – Amp is configured in Comparator
mode i.e. it will compare the voltages at inverting and non –
inverting terminals and correspondingly generate a HIGH or
LOW output.

We have connected the wiper terminal of the 10 KΩ


Potentiometer to the inverting terminal of the OP – Amp. To
the non – inverting terminal, we have connected the junction of
a 10 KΩ Resistor and the LDR. These two will form a potential
divider feeding its output to the OP – Amp.
When the light is incident on the LDR, its resistance decreases.
Hence, the non – inverting voltage is lower than the inverting
voltage and as a result, the LED remains OFF.

When there is no light falling on the LDR, the resistance of the


LDR becomes very high and as a result, the voltage at the non –
inverting terminal will be more than the voltage at inverting
terminal. The output of the Op – Amp will be high and the LED
is turned ON.

Applications

1-Simple Light Detector Circuit can be used in many


applications like automatic switching of appliances up on
detecting light, security systems, etc.
2-This circuit can be used in alarm system, where increasing
intensity of light will trigger the alarm.
3-It can also be used in cupboards or wardrobes. When the
door is opened, the light will automatically turned on.
Diode
 Photodiode

Photoelectric sensor

Photoresistor

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