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Python_Concepts_8_Marks

The document discusses various Python concepts including types of function arguments, namespaces, exception handling, and user-defined exceptions. It explains positional, keyword, default, and variable-length arguments, as well as built-in, global, enclosed, and local namespaces. Additionally, it provides examples of try-except blocks for handling exceptions and creating custom exceptions.

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1 views

Python_Concepts_8_Marks

The document discusses various Python concepts including types of function arguments, namespaces, exception handling, and user-defined exceptions. It explains positional, keyword, default, and variable-length arguments, as well as built-in, global, enclosed, and local namespaces. Additionally, it provides examples of try-except blocks for handling exceptions and creating custom exceptions.

Uploaded by

fbi.india.officials
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Concepts - 4 Marks Answers

1) Explain types of function arguments.


Python functions support various types of arguments to provide flexibility:

1. **Positional Arguments**: Passed in the order of parameters.


Example:
def greet(name, age):
print(name, age)

greet('Alice', 25)

2. **Keyword Arguments**: Passed using parameter names.


greet(age=25, name='Alice')

3. **Default Arguments**: Have default values.


def greet(name, age=18):
print(name, age)

greet('Bob')

4. **Variable-length Arguments**:
- *args: Multiple positional args
- **kwargs: Multiple keyword args

def show(*args):
for i in args:
print(i)

2) Explain types of namespaces in python.


Namespaces are used to manage variable names to avoid conflicts.

Types:
1. **Built-in Namespace**: Includes built-in functions and exceptions.
Example: print(), len(), Exception

2. **Global Namespace**: Variables defined at top-level of a script or module.


x = 10 # global variable

3. **Enclosed Namespace**: For nested functions.


def outer():
a=5
def inner():
print(a)
Python Concepts - 4 Marks Answers

4. **Local Namespace**: Inside a function.


def func():
y = 20 # local variable

3) Explain how to handle exception in python programming.


Python provides a mechanism to handle exceptions using try-except blocks. This ensures the program doesn't crash.

Example:
try:
x = int(input('Enter number: '))
result = 10 / x
print(result)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print('Division by zero error')
except ValueError:
print('Invalid input')
finally:
print('Execution completed')

try block contains risky code, except handles errors, finally executes cleanup code.

4) Explain try ---except block for exception handling in python.


The try-except block is used to catch and handle exceptions gracefully.

Syntax:
try:
# risky code
except ExceptionType:
# handling code

Example:
try:
a = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print('Cannot divide by zero')
print('Program continues...')

Multiple except blocks can handle different exceptions. You can also catch all exceptions using except Exception.

5) How to create a user defined exception?


Python Concepts - 4 Marks Answers
User-defined exceptions are custom exceptions created by inheriting from the Exception class.

Example:
class NegativeValueError(Exception):
pass

def set_age(age):
if age < 0:
raise NegativeValueError('Age cannot be negative')
print('Age set to', age)

try:
set_age(-5)
except NegativeValueError as e:
print('Error:', e)

6) Differentiate between local variable and global variable.


Local Variable:
- Declared inside a function.
- Scope limited to the function.

Global Variable:
- Declared outside all functions.
- Accessible across all functions.

Example:
x = 10 # global

def func():
y = 5 # local
print('Local y:', y)

print('Global x:', x)

7) Explain various functions of math module.


The math module provides mathematical functions:

- math.sqrt(x): Returns square root


- math.pow(x, y): x raised to power y
- math.ceil(x): Rounds up
- math.floor(x): Rounds down
- math.pi: Value of pi
Python Concepts - 4 Marks Answers
- math.factorial(n): Factorial of n

Example:
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
print(math.ceil(4.2))

8) Explain with program how to create user defined exception in python.


Step 1: Create a class inheriting from Exception
Step 2: Use raise statement to trigger it
Step 3: Handle using try-except

Example:
class AgeTooSmallError(Exception):
pass

def check_age(age):
if age < 18:
raise AgeTooSmallError('Age must be 18 or above')
print('Access granted')

try:
check_age(16)
except AgeTooSmallError as e:
print('Exception:', e)

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