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05 - C Basics - Control Structures - Part 2 - Loops (While, Do While, For)

This document covers control structures in C programming, specifically focusing on loops (while, do while, for) and their usage. It includes examples of programs for calculating averages, remainders, and quotients, as well as explanations of break and continue statements. Additionally, it discusses common pitfalls like off-by-one errors and the flexibility of expressions in loop constructs.

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7 views16 pages

05 - C Basics - Control Structures - Part 2 - Loops (While, Do While, For)

This document covers control structures in C programming, specifically focusing on loops (while, do while, for) and their usage. It includes examples of programs for calculating averages, remainders, and quotients, as well as explanations of break and continue statements. Additionally, it discusses common pitfalls like off-by-one errors and the flexibility of expressions in loop constructs.

Uploaded by

rosahshhsh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C Basics

05 - control structures
part 2
Loops (while, do while, for) /AhmedHatemS

/c/AhmedHatemS
What is the content?
1. Repetition control structures.
➢ While loop

➢ Do .. while loop

➢ For loop

2. Notes

3. Program to find remainder and quotient.

4. Break & continue statements.

5. Sentinel-control repetition.
start
Program to take 10 grades
from a student and print Counter = 1, grade,
the average of them. sum = 0;

no
Counter <= 10 ?

yes

Get grade

Sum = sum + grade;


Counter++;

Print sum/10;

end
do .. While loop
• We use it when we want to do an action once before checking the
condition.
Notes

• Off-by-One Error:
If you wrote counter < 10 instead counter <= 10, then the loop will be
executed only 9 times.

• Expressions can contain arithmetic expressions:


For example, If x = 2 and y = 10 ..
for ( j = x + y; j <= 4 * x* y ; j += y / x)

• Increment may be negative → decrement


• If the loop-continuation is initially false:

loop body will not be executed.


but, a do .. while’s body is executed at least once.

• An increment expression is exactly similar to a standalone statement:


counter = counter + 1;

counter += 1;

++count;

count++;
Thus, are all equivalent.
• Both expression 1 and expression 3 are comma-separated lists:
for ( x = 0 , y = 0 ; x <= 10 ; x++ , y += 2 )
The commas as used here are comma operators ..

• Expressions in a for statement’s header are optional:


You can omit:
Expression 1:
- if the control variable is initialized before using the for statement.

Expression 2:
- C++ assumes that the condition is true → infinite loop

- Expression 3:
- - If the increment is in the for’s body, or if it’s needed.
Program to
find
remainder
and quotient
Dividend , divisor, quotient,
remainder
Break & continue statements.
• The break statement, when executed in a:
while, for, do .. while, or switch .. case statement ..
causes an immediate exit from that statement.
Program execution continues with the next/following statement.
Common uses of the break statement are to escape early from a loop, or to skip the
remainder of a switch statement.
• The continue statement, when executed in a while, for, or a do
.. while statement, skips the remaining statements in the body
of that control statement, and then performs the next iteration of
the loop.
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