Unit-1

1. Explain the concept of Data Science and its significance in modern-day industries. (2023)
2. Explain the term Data Science and its role in extracting knowledge from data.
3. Discuss three key applications of Data Science in different domains. (2023)
4. Compare and contrast Data Science with Business Intelligence (BI) in terms of
goals/objectives, methodologies, and outcomes.
5. Differentiate between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) with respect to
their scope and applications.
6. Analyze the relationship between Data Warehousing/Data Mining (DW-DM) and Data
Science, highlighting their similarities and differences. (2024)
7. Discuss the importance of Data Preprocessing in the Data Science pipeline and its impact on
the quality of analysis and modeling outcomes.
8. Define structured data and provide examples of structured datasets. Describe the
characteristics of structured data.
9. Define structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data, providing examples for each
type. (2019)
10. Discuss the challenges associated with handling unstructured data and propose solutions.
11. Explain how semi-structured data differs from structured and unstructured data, citing
examples.
12. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different data sources such as databases, files,
and APIs in the context of Data Science. (2024)
13. Describe the process of data collection through web scraping and its importance in data
acquisition. (2024)
14. Illustrate how data from social media platforms can be leveraged for sentiment analysis and
market research purposes.
15. Discuss the challenges associated with sensor data and social media data, and propose
strategies for handling and analyzing such data effectively.
16. Demonstrate the importance of data cleaning in the context of Data Science projects. (2023)
17. Describe the steps involved in data cleaning and the techniques used to handle missing
values, outliers, and duplicates. (2023)
18. Explain the rationale behind data transformation techniques such as scaling, normalization,
and encoding categorical variables. What is data transformation? (2024)
19. Discuss the importance of feature selection in machine learning models and the criteria used
for selecting relevant features.
20. Outline the process of data merging and the challenges associated with combining multiple
datasets for analysis.
21. Discuss the challenges and strategies involved in data merging when combining multiple
datasets for analysis.
22. Analyze the impact of data preprocessing on the quality and effectiveness of machine
learning algorithms.
23. Define data wrangling and explain its role in preparing raw data for analysis. (2019, 2024)
24. Describe common data wrangling techniques such as reshaping, pivoting, and aggregating.
(2019, 2024)
25. Illustrate the concept of feature engineering and its impact on model performance, with a
focus on creating new features and handling time-series data. (2024)
26. Explain the process of dummification and feature scaling, including techniques such as
converting categorical variables into binary indicators and
27. standardization/normalization of numerical features. Discuss the implications of
dummification on machine learning algorithm
28. Compare and contrast feature scaling techniques such as standardization and normalization,
discussing their effects on model training and performance. (2023)
29. Explain the functionalities of popular libraries and technologies used in Data Science,
including Pandas, NumPy, and Sci-kit Learn. (2024)
30. Describe how Pandas facilitates data manipulation tasks such as reading, cleaning, and
transforming datasets.
31. Discuss the advantages of using NumPy for numerical computing and its role in Scientific
computing applications. OR discuss the role of NumPy in numeric computing and its
advantages over traditional Python lists.
32. Explain how Sci-kit Learn facilitates machine learning tasks such as model training,
valuation, and deployment.
33. Discuss the importance of using libraries and technologies in Data Science projects for
efficient and scalable data analysis.
Unit – 2

1. Explain the importance of exploratory data analysis (EDA) in the data science process. (2019,
2023)
2. Describe three data visualization techniques commonly used in EDA and their applications.
(2019, 2023, 2024)
3. Discuss the role of histograms, scatter plots, and box plots in understanding the distribution
and relationships within a dataset.
4. Define descriptive statistics and provide examples of commonly used measure such as mean,
median, and standard deviation. (2024)
5. Discuss their role in summarizing and understanding datasets. Compare and contrast
measures such as mean, median, mode, and standard deviation.
6. Discuss the significance of histograms, scatter plots, and box plots in visualize different types
of data distributions.
7. Explain the concept of hypothesis testing and provide examples of situations where t-tests,
chi-square tests, and ANOVA are applicable.
8. Differentiate between supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms, providing
examples of each.
9. Explain the concept of the bias-variance tradeoff and its implications for model
performance. (2019, 2024)
10. Define underfitting and overfitting in the context of machine learning mode suggest
strategies to address each issue.
11. Explain the process of model training, validation, and testing in the context of supervised
learning algorithms.
12. Describe how clustering and dimensionality reduction are used in unsupervised learning
tasks. (2023, 2019)
13. Discuss the impact of data preprocessing techniques on model performance in supervised
and unsupervised learning tasks.
14. Provide examples of real-world applications for classification and regression tasks in
supervised learning.
15. Explain the principles of simple linear regression and its applications in predictive modeling.
16. Discuss the assumptions underlying multiple linear regression and how they can be
validated. Explain Multiple Linear Regression. (2019)
17. Outline the steps involved in conducting stepwise regression and its advantages in model
selection.
18. Describe logistic regression and its use in binary classification problems. Discuss the
application of logistic regression in classification tasks and Its advantages over linear
regression.
19. Compare and contrast the assumptions underlying linear regression and logistic regression
models.
20. Define accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score as metrics for evaluation classification
models and explain their significance. Discuss the strengths and limitations of each metric.
(2024)
21. Describe how a confusion matrix is constructed and how it can be used to evaluate model
performance.
22. Explain the concept of a ROC curve and discuss how it can be used to evaluate the
performance of binary classification model
23. Explain the concept of cross-validation and compare k-fold cross-validation with stratified
cross-validation.
24. Describe the process of hyperparameter tuning and model selection and discuss its
importance in improving model performance. (2024)
25. Describe the decision tree algorithm and its advantages and limitations in classification and
regression task
26. Explain the principles of decision trees and random forests and their advantages in handling
nonlinear relationships and feature interactions.
27. Discuss the mathematical intuition behind support vector machines (SVM) and their
applications in both classification and regression task. (2019, 2023)
28. Describe artificial neural networks (ANN) and their architecture, including input hidden, and
output layers.
29. Compare and contrast ensemble learning techniques like boosting and bagging, highlighting
their strengths and weaknesses. (2024)
30. Discuss the working principle of K-nearest neighbors (K-NN) algorithm and its use in
classification and regression task (2023)
31. Explain the concept of gradient descent and its role in optimizing the parameters of machine
learning models.
Unit-3

1. Define accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score as metrics for evaluate classification models.
Discuss its limitations, especially in the presence
2. imbalanced datasets. Also discuss scenarios where each metric might be more appropriate.
3. Explain the concept of the Area Under the Curve (AUC) in ROC curve analysis. How does AUC
help in evaluating the performance of a binary classification mode
4. Discuss different techniques for evaluating model performance. Discuss the challenges of
evaluating models for imbalanced datasets. How do imbalanced classes affect traditional
evaluation metrics? (2024)
5. Describe techniques that can be used to address these challenges and ensure reliable model
evaluation.
6. Outline the principles of effective data visualization. How do these principles contribute to
better communication of insights? OR Outline the principles of effective data visualization.
7. Outline the principles of effective data visualization, including clarity, simplicity, and
relevance.
8. What factors should be considered when creating visualizations to communicate insights?
9. Compare and contrast different types of visualizations such as bar charts, line charts, and
scatter plots. Provide examples of when each type of visualization would be appropriate.
10. Discuss the role of visualization tools such as matplotlib, seaborn, and Tableau in creating
compelling visualizations. What are the advantages and limitations of each tool? (2024)
11. Explain the concept of data storytelling. How can data storytelling enhance the impact of
data visualizations in conveying insights to stakeholders? (2024)
12. Define data management activities and their role in ensuring data quality a usability. OR
Provide an overview of data management activities and their importance in ensuring data
quality and usability. (2024)
13. Explain the concept of data pipelines and the stages involved in the data extraction,
transformation, and loading (ETL) process. (2023, 2024)
14. Discuss the importance of data governance and data quality assurance in maintaining data
integrity and reliability. (2024)
15. Discuss the importance of data governance and data quality assurance in maintaining data
integrity and compliance with regulatory standards. (2024)
16. Describe the considerations for data privacy and security in data management practices.
Discuss strategies for protecting sensitive data and complying with regulations such as GDPR
and HIPAA.
17. Explain the considerations and best practices for ensuring data privacy and security
throughout the data management process. What measures can organizations implement to
protect sensitive information?
18. Discuss the ethical considerations surrounding data privacy and security, including
regulatory compliance and measures to protect sensitive information.
19. Analyze the considerations for data privacy and security in data management practices. How
can organizations protect sensitive data while still enabling
20. data-driven insights? OR Explain the considerations for data privacy and security in data
management practices. What measures should organizations take to protectsensitive data?
Extra Questions;

1. What is data? Explain types of data. (2019, 2023)