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The document is a promotional material for Neon Classes, highlighting the positive reviews and effectiveness of their educational books aimed at government exam aspirants. It includes a detailed table of contents covering various computer-related topics, along with historical context and significant milestones in computer development. The document also emphasizes the accessibility of their materials for individuals with varying levels of English proficiency.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
166 views103 pagesComputer Godfather Topper's Handbook English
The document is a promotional material for Neon Classes, highlighting the positive reviews and effectiveness of their educational books aimed at government exam aspirants. It includes a detailed table of contents covering various computer-related topics, along with historical context and significant milestones in computer development. The document also emphasizes the accessibility of their materials for individuals with varying levels of English proficiency.
Uploaded by
daratmpoaw7aCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 103
Ny ON
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‘Neon Publications
S.No. Topics ‘Sub topic Page No.
1 | Computer Introduction, data and information, History, Generations, 15
Organisation Characteristic, Limitations
2 | Central Processing | ALU Control Unit, Memory Unit 67
unit
3 _| Input devices Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, OMR, OCR, BCR, MICR #10
4 | Output Devices ‘Monitor, Printer, Plotter, and Projector. Speaker 11-12
5 [Computer Memory | introduction, Types of Memory, RAM, ROM, Secondary Memory, Hard | 13-17
disk, Floppy Disk, Magnetic tape and Other Back-Up. Devices
6 | Hardware Definition of Hardware, ports 18
7__| Software ‘System Software, Application Software, Utility Software 19-22
8 | MSWord ‘Introduction, File menu, Home, Insert Page Layout, References, 23-27
‘mailings, Review, View
9 | MS Excel Introduction, File, Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data Review, | 28-32
View
10 | MS Power Point Introduction, Home, Insert, Design, transitions, Animation, Slide 33.35
Show, Review, View
Ti [MS Access ‘MS ACCESS, DBMS and it's Important terminologies 36-37
12 _ | Short Cuts keys Girl+N: New File, Ctrl +G: Go to 38-41
13 | Network Definition of Network, Pratocol, Types of network 42-45
(PAN,LAN,CAN,MAN, WAN), Network Topology
14 | Networking Devices | Hub, Switch, Gateway, Router, Bridge, Repeaters 46
15 | Internetand Email _ | Internet, Internet Related Terminology (Web Server, Web Browser, 47-49
Bookmark, Websites, Dawnloading and Uploading
16 | Security Threats and | Malware, Virus, Worm, Trojan Horse, Spyware, Spam, Hacking, 50-51
It's Preventions Phishing, Antivirus, Firewall
17_ | Number System Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal and its Conversions 52-53
18 | Information E-Banking B2B.B2CC2C 34
technology
19 | Abbreviations Al: Areificial Intelligence, CUI: Character User interface ‘55-57
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
20 | Miscellaneous Algorithms and Flowchart, Programming Language, Cryptography, 58
Cloud Computing, Web Graphics
21, __| Qestion Practice Question Chapter wise 59-94
Ro Raja Sir: The Godfather of Maths
Income Tax Inspector (AIR-24, SSC CGL 2011)
| Best App for Govt Jobs: Neonelasses (Download Now)
‘omputer Introduction
Computer Introduction
Computer isan electronic device that
retrieve, process, compute, analyses data and
produced output, stores the data for future
(@AS/RTS 2000), (UTTARANCHAL POS PRE. 2005)(S81
2008, 20092012) (BPS 2014), (0 GRADE 22 JULY
2016), (uneanua Geane 19.03.2020), (288410
72401202) (SPATIAL OFPICHR 70122021)
‘Computer Process the data into Information
so that computer Is also known as data
processor.
(sur 200s 2011 sc 61-2016)
‘A Computer executes programs in. the
sequence of Fetch, Decode and Execute.
(ssc 2015)
Information Processing Cycle: Input,
‘output and processing grouped together to
represent computer system or Information
processing cle
(S01 2009), ALLAAnAD wan CLERK 2013)
‘The term computer is derived from Latin
‘word "compute" which means "To Caleulate
or count”
urrcare2 14112016)
In early age the main purpose of the
Invention of computer was to manufacture a
machine which could caleulate, Computer is
known as “Sanganak” in Hind.
(@Pieao consrasis)
CCharles Babbage is known as the father of
computer
(ssc 10022008, 20162017) (0512011)
Allen Turing is known as the father of
‘Modern Computers.
(ans wreco1022021)
Siddhartha was the frst Computer
developed by India.
NOTE: India’s first computer Hack-2M was
Installed in 1952 at the Indian Statistical
Institute, Calcutta.
(SSC CL HER 12011) (UPSSC SUGARCANE SUP 2016)
{A person is called computer literate if he or
she just able to run need based application
(BRBNTHC 15032016) (RBNTPC CHF 19012017)
World computer literacy day is celebrated
2nd of December Every Year.
(prawns 27.102018)(0P nea consTauts)
NOTE: In computers, users are known as
Human ware.
(uence ars exam. 18022016)
‘There are 6 main parts of computer
systems:
(uss. 2016)
1. cu
2. Input devices
3. Output devices
Ro Raja Sir: The Godfather of Maths
4. Memory device
5. Secondary storage
6. Communication devices
‘Major work of computer:
(quan oF manooA 2011) (St 202), (us OFFICE
‘sssran 2072) (2 char oGRAPuy 23
uc 2016), UPheL 162 16302016), HPPCS 0)
2019) (708112020)
1. Input
2. Process
3. Output
4. Storage
5. Control
INPUT: Input is a process to gather data
‘which means they allow users to input data.
Computer input is whatever is typed,
Submitted (entered) or transmitted to 2
‘computer system,
A.DATA
BINSTRUCTION
A.DATA:- Acollection of raw, fact and figure
is own as data, Data is. allways in
unprocessed form,
(@ CLR 2010 (UNION MANK OF DA 2013 (8
(42016)
once fis input into a
‘computer it becomes data
(ALLAHABAD RANK CLERK2011)
Data may be in the following forms:
the information
1. TEXT DATA: Text data contains
alphabets A~Z.
2 NUMERICAL DATA: [& contains 0-9
numbers,
3. ALPHANUMERIC DATA: Alphanumerical
data contains number and alphabetic
character,
(ato. p02010)
Example: Employee Adress
(ALLauenan Rann 2016, SPDICATE BANK 2010)
4. GRAPHICAL DATA: It may be in the
form of chart, graph and image.
5, MULTIMEDIA: (AUDIO-VEDIO)
(bo Hose suPnenext 2016)
INSTRUCTION: The order which is given by
2 user to perform all mathematical and
logical calculations on data is known as
instruction.
INFORMATION: The processed form of a
data is known as information,
(vicar RAN 2010, (BPS 201) 881042 SL
160847),
Information means the process of selecting
data, summarizing it and presenting it in
‘such a way that it is useful tothe recipient
(UPPCL OFFICE ASGSTANT ACC 28082010)
History of Computer
Abacus: Abacus is the frst Ancient
‘calculating device ofthe world.
(arcs na 019042010 Qa
Ie was developed by china It isa rectangular
wooden frame which Is consists of rows of
beads, or similar objects, strung on a wire.
Note: Calculator originated from abacus.
(upc. ako 12092018)
ill
Napier ‘Bones:
It is invented early age of 17th century.
Napier ones is a machine which is consists
of bones. in Napier Bone 0-9 numbers can be
stored, It a mechanical caeulating device
Which is used to calculate division and
‘multiplication of numbers.
Slide Rule: Slide rule is developed by
William ought red in 1622. It is used to
«alealate logarithms ealeuations.
Pascal's calculators:
Pascal's calculator was developed by French
Mathematical Blasé Pascal in 1642.
(urasio4s22021)
[eis a first mechanical and automatic
calculator. ft is alsa known as adding
‘machine
Lebanese calculator: Lebanese Caleulatr is
Invented by Gottfried Leibniz in 1671
modified the Pascal calculator, and he
designed his ovin machine for performing
various mathematical calculations which are
based on multiplication and division as wel
Se Download Free PDFS & e-Books from Neon Classes App
Jacquard Loom:
Jacquard loom is developed by “Joseph
Merry Jacquard in 1801, It was. frst
mechanical loom machinejosheph merry
Jacquard firstly used Punch card in textile
design.
Avithmometer: Arthmometer was invented
by charls Xavier Thomas D Kelmar in 1820.
asc10+2 10012017)
twas first digital mechanical calculator.
Census tabulating Machine:
Census Tabulating Machine is developed by
Harman Hollevith in 1890 in USA to store the
data of census.
scoot. 2014
Harman holarth used the Punched card to
store the data, so that Harman Hollerith is
own as the father of Punched card,
(URARIA GRADE 1119482020)
Difference Engine:
Difference Engine is developed by "Charles
Babbage’. It was the first steam based
machine
Analytical Engine:
Analytical Engine also developed "Charles
Babbage" in 1833.
(UmRaRIA GRADE 1 13.932020)
It was the first mechanical computer of the
world,
(uwrranasauno no/ano 2016) (814072018)
‘The prototype of modern computer is based
fon the Analytical Engine so that, Charles
Babbage is known as the Father of the
Computer.
(UT7ARAKDAND UD4/104 2005 (SSC MATRDCLEYRL
‘2008 uP Lowen 52019) (usssc LOWER 22015)
(GSCCUSL 1.032016) (UPP COMPUTER OPERATOR
121122018) (LOWER SUM 01142019) 880 TPC
"yuonsezs 04022021)
Charles Babbage will be remembered for
giving the concept of a programmable
computer.
(aay wrrc04062016)
lady Ada Augusta Loveless was the first
programmer runs a program on this
‘machine, so that Ada Augusta is also known
"Software Engineer”.
(SSCMATRICLEVE 2008) (DP), (CHSL 2016 2017)
MARK-1
Ie was the first Blectromechanical Computer.
Ie was developed by IBM Corporation and
Haward Aiken in 1943.
ENIAC:
“ENIAC* stands for “Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer’
(HRBNTHC 07042021 UPPELASSACC22622022)
‘or
twas invented in University of
Pennsylvania, USA by |. Prosper Ekart and
John Mauchly in 1946.
(v0 2212 2014(eTPC 9.022021, 060421)(UPPCL
“assace 2408223),
Ie was the first programmable electronic
digital computer.
(95C10-2 2010) (SSCSTANO 2011) (PyuPRSCASS.
"FOREST CORSERVATOR ELAM 2003) (68 CSL
24402020) (a N7PC04.042000) (UPPCL ASS ACE
‘4022022)
‘This computer consists of valve, ten postion
‘ing counter and vacuum tube.
(ssc 2011)
EDSAC:
“RDSACY stands for “Blectronic Delay
Storage Automatic Calculator. It was
developed by "Maurice wilkes" and his team
in his team at the University of Cambridge
Mathematical Laboratory in England in
1949, EDSAC was the fist electronic digital
stored-program computer of the world
EDvAC:
“EDVAC" stands for “Electronic Discrete
Variable Automatic Computer’. It
invented by "John Vann Neumann” in 1950,
John Von Neumann gave stored program
concept in which program and data to be
processed are stored in the same memory.
(289 /629.082015)
‘A computer system that stores instructions
and data from 2 single memory unit without
distinction is based on the Neumann
architecture.
(ope. azo 12092018)
UNIVAC:
"UNIVAC® stands for "Universal Automatic
Computer’. It was invented by J. Prosper
kart and John Mauchly in 195%, Tt can
manipulate the numerical data as well as
Alphabetic data, It was the firstly used for
commercial purpose,
(ssccer 201
Uses of Computer:
sno | Fields Uses
T [Eaton | Campater pigs am
eepertant ole education,
Development of ulmeats
and computer based
Fducaton makes it very
fel for the” students
Computer is sed in
fedueation for "various
purposes as like research,
management device and
reaching learing.
(icuibt 072016)
7 [Enterainme | Campater is basally used
ne fn Cinema; television
programa well as video
frames the use
frultineia onakes
versa
3 [Banking computer also used
fbanng sector for online
ransaction, _passbook|
Jenny, cheque payment and
mn
7 [oma
Processing
eisaisoused ne Hore
data of census, t0 prepare
results snd analyses the
stil dt
5 |inforatoaT |Naw 3-day computer We
eshnology | widely used in Information
Tecnology. te information
Techno computer Is
used for” communication
between two or more
Jeomputer We can share
find. retrieve data or
information trom one
computer to another
computer,
© [Redes Jin nospral computer
Department Jused to store. the
inrormation of patient Now
3 day all test elated to the
finesse done by
computer based machine
Characteristics of Computer: Computers
are very fast and can store huge amount of
data
(1° GRADE PHILOSOPHY, DRAWING AND PAINTING
2014) {10° GRADE POLITICAL SCIENCE 2017 2018)
(25 LY 2016) (PATWAREXAM23.102021)
41, Speed: The speed of computer is very
high and store huge amount of data
(SHNDICATE BAN 2020)
2. Accuracy: It works on the principle of
“Garbage in Garbage Out” ie. results will
bbe obtained according to input
Computer generates 100% accurate
result it does not makes any mistake,
BD WB ren G roncimes OQ reoncnses (B reoncasr sean cases Best App for Govt Jobs: Neonelasses (Download Now)
3. Automatic:
(sscinco1syquprex r6125012019)
When you provide a
program or important data to computer
and then computer does not any need of
human being
(ure re 19032020), (parwan Pee 26102021)
4. No feelings: Computer is a machine it
does not have any feelings. Computer
takes
instruction.
5. Power of Remembering: Computer has
also the memory a by
decision according to user
i saves the
data and information,
6. Wide utility (Versatility): Versatiliy is
a characteristic of computer reflects its
exible behavior. The flexibility to solve
aiferent
characteristles
computers
problems shows the
‘of versatility of
autcxo2016)
Versatility isa feature that enables one
to do different things at the same time
with accuracy and efficiency.
(urec. Te 19.032021, 240.2021)00V5 JUN
ECE ASST 09022022)
17. Diligence: Millions of calculations can be
performed by a computer with the san
accuracy without any tiredness or lack of
(uopex re 24012019)(uPPCL ASSISTANT
“accountant 22022022)
‘The diligence property ensures that a
computer does not feel aay fatigue or
lack of concentration
(JUN see ASST. 09032022)
8 Reliability: If
same input ina computer system, we get
the same result and this feature i called
reliability,
we repeatedly put the
wrrca row 2r023021)
9. Storage capacity: In computer we can
store huge amount of data,
Limitations of Computer:
sxo | ates Description
T [Dependent | Computer uses lecriaiy
Jon lecrncty |work t cant work without
ice
T]isk al] Computer 3 machine
Inteligence "| does not have ineligence
slike human feworks only
facording to use|
oP Pouce coNsramLy
computer dees not have th|
expabity of understanding
‘ines cen 21) (PPS
ry esos
3 [parade sad Computer that ope of]
fipaate "| machine which e necessary
Update and upgrade tine 0
[sk Tom | Conpatar tas the Fak Fo
virus rus always varus comes
in computer ones ten ts
harmful to the opersting|
system a well as fo stored
EA
Bo Raja Sir: The Godfather of Maths
Generation of Computer:
1, First Generation of Computer (1942-
85):
rnc. ano 18022018)
In first generation of computers vacuum
tubes were used and they are very costly
(at 201, 2013) (SSCL 2013) (aTWAR PRE
‘1022046 a8 12 0802417) (PCL AN
1103201) (UPP COMPUTER OPERATOR
21122019 (USSSC COMPUTER oPrRATOR
301.2020) a 790 12/04/2021, 1403/2021)
(urre. rou20032021)
Vacuum tubes were large in size of the
‘computer of this generation so, that size
of this generation was big. Vacuum tube
was developed in 1906.
(00027122021)
‘They were often enormous, taking up
entire rooms and consume high
clecricity. Magnetic drums were used
for main memory and punch card was
used for input and output In this
Generation Assembly Language and
‘Machine Language were used
(ae NTPC 12042016)
Example of this generation of
computers: SEAC, ENIAC, EDSAC,
EDVAC, UNIVAC and IBM701,
(rpc, Ten1z401.2019) (aBRARIANcRaDe mt
24122019) (RPSCDY. COMMANDANT 23082020)
(ane wre 1.03202)
2 Second Generation of Computer
(1955-64;
(GSCMATRICLEVEL 2000) (UD MASTER
02092018),
‘The second generation of computer
replaced vacuum tube with transistor.
(SSCL 2016) (TFARKHAND RO/ARO 2016) (UP
Potice 19052016) SCH 3/7/2019,
20/10/2020, 9082021)(UPSSSC COMPUTER
‘OreRATOR 10012020) (RRB NTPC 12/09/2021)
‘Transistor was invented by JOHN Bardin,
William shockly and Walter braten at
ell Labs in 1947. Transistors were small
in size as compared to vacuum tube. The
size of second generation of computer
was small and faster in working speed.
‘The other name of the transistor
computer is second generation
computer
(sven 11082021)
Magnetic tape and magnetic Drum were
used for secondary memory. In this
Generation COBOL and FORTRAN
language were use
(an vrecoaos2021)
Examples of this generation: IBM 1620,
(CDC 1604, CDC 3600, UNIVAC 1108,
HONEYWELL 400, and IBM 7094, 18M
1401.
(000 24122021)
3. ‘Third Generation of Computer (1964-
my:
(emnsteasreacnsn 16092010)
(sscjemequnicn.27102020)
Integrated circuits were used inthe third
{generation of computers.
(SC SECTION oF 2006 (LnRARIA GRADE MH
111201) (UPS S120) (UPPL TEL
1112016 24032021) (S8ec61 01092016,
‘2%7) unre 14012017) (SC cs
18032020, 16102020,20102020)
Integrated circuits were invented by ack
Kilbi and Robert Nyce in 1958.
Integrated circuits are consisting of
‘thousands of sransistors and another
‘component. Integrated circuits are more
reliable,
scram 24012018)
‘The size of modern computer removed
Decause ofthe integrated cicult
‘urscir)o7)
Semiconductor memory is used for main
‘memory and Hard disk was used for
secondary memory. Semiconductor
‘material and silicon are used to
‘manufacture computer chips
(Pres 1999) (mPese 2000) (SSC MATRIC
‘ava 2001 (ues 252002) 45/875 652010)
‘ansauio pscz0%0 (camarriscan sc
2013) (enw CAND IGARILP 2010, 2014) (889
1BC18.0616 30042016 250121) (UPP
‘couoten openaron 24. 122019)000P08 0)
2010)00 9052013)
Commonly used integrated circuit is
‘monolithic.
(ar 2008)
Gallium arsenide is one of the latest
materials being used in the production of
‘computer chips
(uruosjio42010)
this Generation High level Language
was used such as BASIC, PASCAL,
A1GO1-68, FORTRAN-II language,
coBoL
(ane wrrco1jos021)
Examples of this generation computers
are PDP-Il, IBM. System/360, UNIVAC
1108, Honeywell-6000, DEC series, and
cL 2800, 18m 370,
(ope orice asssranr 24102018) R80
1NTDC19/03/2021) (A) ASIC COMPUTER
INSTRUCTOR 18062022)
Note: The first digital computer built
With integrated circuits is known as the
IM 360,
(ure. espns 2006)
Fourth Generation of Computer
(1971-85)
Fourth generation computers used Very
Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits
(Ur pouiceconpvten operon 19052016)
(Urre, oFmee Ass 21032034
zesoz019urre. To1119432021)
Microprocessor was used in this,
generation.
(GSCMATRIGLEVEL 209)(uPPCL 761125022019)
‘The frst microchip Intel4004 was
‘prepares by Intel Corporation in 1970
(SSC cus 17032020)
Income Tox Inspector (AIR-24, SSC CGL 2011) BR a Download Free PDFS & e-Books from Neon Classes App
igh-level languages like C, SQL, Ce,
DBASE ete, were used inthis generation
(ure. ars 18022018)
Example of this generation computer:
Micro, mini, mainframe computer and super
comp
5, Fifth Generation of Computer (1985 -
Till Now):
Fifth generation computer is currently
beingused,
(aay mica counr zor6jane xrPc 26042018)
ith generation computers used Ultra
Large Seale Integrated (ULSI) circuits
(OUP PATWanL21.12.2017) AIL PRADARI
20102018) (WOMEN SUPERVISOR 06012013)
Multi-processor was used inthis,
generation, This generation high-level
languages are like Java, .Net et. This
feneration is based on parallel
processing hardware and AL (Artifical
Intelligence) sofware.
(a cana 70/2001, 2002) (ay nRARLAN
‘h202082020)
The Father of Artificial Intelligence is
John Mecarthy and Allen Turing
(RA) SEWOR COMPUTER INSTRUCTOR 19.06.2022)
There is some computers which are the
example of this generation are PARAM,
PRATYUSH, MIKIR, PARAM PREVEGA.
Classification of computer:
Classification of computer can be divided in
3 types,
41, Classification according to purpose:
Typesor
580 | ceeence | _UsesofComputer
T[oenerat
Purpose see for gene
se ice to. prepare document
print document and
eatabase management
forecasting et
Z_ Based on application:
smo | UPS] uses of Computer
computer
fiaiog ——|Samarendrs Kamar Wit
Jcompurer |éesignes art
eompacer ind
{55 Gt 13.10.2020)
ype of computer cha use
the continscus variation
aspect af pysial quanuty
uch as pressure
temperature, tngt
electric. ‘log
Computer does not require
any Storage device,
(a n7PC27 042016)
1 speedometer Inthe cat
reoresents the analo|
(ure ncsz010)
JAnaiog computers converts
analog output into. digital
forme
EPS LOWERTZOTS]
Digial computer a]
umber. These computer
works upon data whch are
umber. Digital computers
works on the principle of
aleaation
(Urraeataano uoatoa re
00)
usa,
(07. pes mas 2002)
eataltors wore on gta
computer syste
technolo,
Stare fn standard
personal computer isa set of options and
‘commands.
(ana rrc13.042016)
Micro computers are of type following
types:
3 [Bore
computer
Frese. types of computor
have the both quality of
analog computer and digital
eomps
(ssc 10022013)
(SSC cist 21.10.2020)
smatt “snd iow cost
ters ull into many
home appliances such 25
eich warher and washing
are hybrid computers.
(sae 02 2004)
(nn apace ur 2006)
Typeset
sno | "Micro Description
A Yoesktop [A desktop computer
personal computer but to be
sed on dese This compute
moniter, "keyboard "and
processor (CPU, RAM ROM
no Wc 16012030)
(sscas03102017)
lmsese computers canbe
Jsrmout trom. one place to
lanother place The fs apcop
vas developed by Epson in
ses,
ssc ct 2014)v00 28122020)
(a ouuvvesias 2009)
aap is the lowest priced
iaptop that HcL has launched
inthe market
3, Classification Based on size
1. Micro Computer: They are in small in
sie and have low cost.
oom rss02021)
Microcomputers are used mostly in
offices and home,
(rr pes mans 2007)
Microcomputer has low storage
capacity and speed of work. This
‘computer can be used by single user at
a time so that these computers are
now as Personal Computer (PC).
(UNA & SIND BANK 2011) (01 ASSISTANT
2012)
Note: PCXT stands for Personal Computer
Extended Technology.
(ssc10:22010)
Ie is the version of IBM PC, IBM stands for
International Business Machine,
(077 pes MA 2002)
Microcomputers have 3 basic hardware
physical equipment categories as like system
"unit input/output and secondary storage.
(ALD. BARK CLERR2011)
‘Types of personal computer are Desktops,
laptop, palmtop, tablet, Notebook,
Smartphones, Mac ete.
(RBWTPCO7022021, 13022021)
Note:
1. Mac is a personal computer made by
Apple
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Patmop computer Is very
smal computer that can be
easy operated onthe palm of
Jone hand
D__[Roteboak [hese computers are same 5
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Bouse in ap
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2. Mini Computer: The capacity of to do
‘work is more than microcomputer and
less than mainframe computer.
Minicomputer uses more than one
processor at a time. Mint computers are
use in bank, offices. PDP-8 was the first
‘minicomputer
(uossscje-2016)
3. Mainframe Computer: Minicomputer
has more capacity to stores data rather
than mini of microcomputer. On this
computer more than one people cat
work at a time, Mainframe computers
are used in research, railway reservation
and big organization, Main
‘computers are known as “Big Iron’
(ano vTPC77042016)
4. Super Computer: These computers are
large in size, powerful and very costly
BG recrs cscs weoncsses J neonciases G Neonciasser EJ neon cases Best App for Govt Jobs: Neonelasses (Download Now)
(PPC PRE G5 2015) (UTTARARHANDRO/ARO,
018)
These computers have the large capacity
to store data and high processing speed.
Supercomputers are used to perform
complex calculations.
(avsi902015)
The ward length of super computer is
eb
(ase 2007)
Supercomputers are primarily useful for
‘mathematically intensive scientific
applications
(ane atcananan co2008)
These computers are used in scientific
research, nuclear reactor, weather
forecasting. and climate research,
(SSCMTS 2016) (BRB NTPC 16012021,
sraa2021, 07062021) S$ SL 10082021)
PARAM: The frst super computer of India
was Param 8000,
(caps 2012) (a 2019 (ssc je 2015) ay
vesigar0n 2016) (CCCJONE 2016) (RRB TPC
(0616 050616.320615,22012021) (UPPCL
OFFICE ASSISTANT 126102018)
Param 8000 super computer developed
and designed by Shree Vijay Bhatkar and
CDAC (Centre for Development of
‘Advance Computing) Pune in 1992,
(Pes PRE 2003) (R80 NTPC 5042016,
2optz/to, 21012024, 0802 21, 2202202.
15052021) (10€09092018)
DAC is a non-semi government
‘company which works in development of
Param Super computer series.
scans 21012017)
Pratyush:
Pratyush s India's first mult-petatop
super computer that has been set up at
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology
(ITM) Pune Developed At a cost of Rs
450 crores,
(na crour 08102018)
twas used for weather forecasting
(aay n7P017.022021)
Param yuva? is a super computer
developed by India,
(sscens 2072019)
There are some example of supe
computers: Frontier, Fugaku, Lumi,
Summit, Slera, Sunway, Perlmutter,
Selene, Tlanhe, Adastra, Harth simulator,
Road runner, ‘Titan, Param prevega,
Param Shakti, Param Yuwa2(India)
(UPSSSCJE 2016) SSC CHSL 9.072019)
Param Shivay isthe first supercomputer
assembled indigenously was installed at
IT BHU.
(ae wrrcor022021)
NO [| cgnsbiters [___Oreanization
Para Shale
[Panmure [NCR Genome |
Ro Raja Sir : The Godfather of Maths
3 anpam BARC (BHABHA ATOR]
esearch centr]
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oS [nower sa 20092019)
7 | Favalver NAL. (National
Laboratories, Hangleru)
bse ae 2002)
7 [Rr Tas Group (Ais fst
aa nee 2202.21,
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(aaprecono2 2021)
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RAYA
Ccray-l was the first super computer of
the world was designed by Seymour Cray
in USA.
ne peanans 27102016)
CRC Company developed 1" super
computer in 1976
(UPPCS MAINS 202) (RBA NTPC 16042016)
Seymour Cray is known as the father of
supercomputing
upc exam 16092010)
‘The First super computer was cylindrical
in shape,
(nay yan-reanana 17102018)
Note:
|. Param Mitra is not a series of super
‘computer param that was developed by
Indian scientists, Param — Mitra
Investments isan Indian Non-
Government Company,
(ans wrrc2022021)
I, Cray XMP-14 was mid-range super
computer was purchased by India for
‘Weather forecasting.
(sse10:22013)
Income Tax Inspector (AIR-24, SSC CL, 2011) Download Free PDFS & e-Books from Neon Classes App
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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
‘The term CPU means “Central Processing
Uni’
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2003) (SHPO 2019) 2008 2013) (RB NTPC
tonto) (Urtakaniano no/ana S086) (UEP
compoen oPsnaron 21122018) (PPC) 2019)
(CPU is the main part ofthe computer system.
frees de 2012} (Se MOLT TASKING 2019)
“CPU is also known as "Brain of Computer
for electronic brain and also called a
microchip"
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(Craton 017 OSIM
(CPU Performs computing calculation and
processing na personal computer
(ina 77029102 2016)(5812012)
Micro Processor fsa single chip based device
that is a complete processor in itself and
capable of performing arithmetic and logical
operations.
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(at crane stovocY 201 (Rr 08112020) (ens Pe
‘tye
Primary memory contains currently
‘executed programs or data by the CPU. The
speed of the CPU is measured in Hertz (H2)
lof Megehertz (Miz) or Flops
ie sadn srano 006) 42008 (8c
anatomy
[MPLOPS is used to measure the speed of the
cru.
Pre. ac9932021)
Scratch pad and Cache Memory both
{includes into CPU Memory.
(Uo? Corurae opeesroR)
Processor is an electronic device that
processes data by converting it into
Jnformation.
(5012008 2009)
‘The functions of adding, comparing and
rmatching ina computer are done in the
Centzal Processing Unit
(SSC MULTI-TASKING 2011) GUWAMATLP 200)
(CPU makes the Information resulting from
processing available for use.
(BANK OF BARODA 2010)
Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium Il & II are
ipower microprocessor
Intel 386, Intel 486, IBM RS6000, DEC Alpha
21064, DEC Alpha 21164, 14-64 (Intel
BD WB rc Groote rooms
‘Architectare-64), Intel 19, Celeron and core
are an example of Processor.
TUPrCs (PRE) C5204) (as XAN 2019)
(urrinacnano nojano ote) (ures orice
ASSISTANT I 24102010) a NTPC29122020)
Note:
|. Intel Corporation manufactures the
est microprocessor 4004,
(RAS/RIS PRE GS 2013) (SSCCHSL 17032020)
1 Snapdragon, Atom, Tegra, Helio and
Exynos are the type of Processor used
inmobile devices.
(AB AMER 2006) (AVS PCT 1.032019)
Processing:
‘Computers manipulate data in many ways to
‘create information ané this manipulation is
called Processing,
(Gar assocTaTes 209) auLananap Bani ro
“210}NR CLERK 2011)
‘The main job of CPU Is to process to process
data and information
(ALLUIAEAD NK P0201 (SI CLERK 20082008)
(nrc ormenASSTANT ACCOUNT 28082018),
1. you want to improve the performance of
your PC you need to upgrade CPU,
ured 7626062016)
Word length is the number of bits in a
processor's internal data base that the
processor can process at once.
(urssSc COMPUTER OPERATOR 1.012020)
(CPU provess the input into output
(ars claek 2011 (suz012)
Component of CPU: There are various
‘component ofthe CPU are ALU, Control Unit,
Memory Unit, Cache, Buses, Clock, Register,
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nk 0 2010) Bank of Baroda 2011) (42011) (S81
ors zor) (ssc cx on092016) (SCL 20247)
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(urrcs ars 27032018) (UPPCLTO1125012019) (RP
ort1.zoz,om11.2020) (ans WTPC=21/01/2021,
25012021 03042021) (UPPCLAC 13092021) (UPAST
[prosrams by the proceso]
computes
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es known as nerve center
lhecomputer
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ie regulates the tlw af
information across the
processor
(unre ass ace. 7202202)
x contains the revitry tat
stores complete programs, o|
Jexecutes them, and uses
signals to. instruct the
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Ik transfers data beoween
memory and ALU,
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ie contais the movement f
signals between the ental
processing unit and he 1/0
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[Memory | Memory arse interacts
lust Joes cP
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emery
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Memory Access is the tie|
jaken by the CPU to access 2
cation in emery.
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[cache ——[oaake memory is Tocated 1
tke CPU, cache memery is alsa
Hanown as Central Procesing
tin
xno ree 2012020)
A region of computer memory
leheretrequenty acersee
lta can be stored for raps
acces scaled Cache
(ssc 20719)
o522020)
ak |store
and Loge Uni.
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lau ie weed. to perform
Jithmeseal, computations
snd logical operations
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Jan arithmtelopie it also
now as an integer unit (1).
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[Bases [Bes are ued to send contr
signals and data between the
processor and. ott
components
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executes per" second
measured in Giga Hert
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now to carryout a program's
lnsrustons
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is can lect he opertiont
Jdwnng the execution of
Register
Registers are a type of computer
memory used to quickly accept, store,
land transfer data and instructions that
are being used temporarily by the CPU
(626082015)
Register stores the data in the form of
bits. Register is high speed storage inside
ALU part ofthe CPU.
2013) (ex Tez 1.112046, 20032021)
‘The act of writing new data to the
register erases the first contents of the
register
(ssc 10:22010,2012)
Register is the Integral and important
part ofthe CPU, Best App for Govt Jobs: Neonelasses (Download Now) ‘Neon Publications
(RBS SERANDRARAD 01092015) (UPPCL TCH
rast)
operations,
seo 2016)
register
Fr —Jffemory | rmory adress reuse
Jaddress holds address of the activ
Register memory location Is «part
ot the central processing unt
ofa computer The memory
address rogers Is used to
fondle. the aadrese
frensferree to the memory
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Register” Jinswuction cycle olds she
ast subsequeat instruction]
words ae fetched
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(aio 24022019)
our exe instruction tobe
earrenty exceed. Program
(nnssr02.092015)
[zeman —]t-sores the data beng
faster” ftransteres between an
Register application or computer
(haw se03.092015)
ete ‘ised to store
information or. reste
produced by aritmetc and
ogicunit ofa computer.
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Is [Seek ]Srores the last program
Potter _|request address
‘Works of CPU;
(auzauanan wenn r0 2013)
1. Collect data permanently: CPU Collects
the data from user as an input.
2 Getting instructions: CPU gets the
Instruction from user and process data
according tou
3. Data Processing: Arrangement of data in
predetermined sequence is called
processing
instruction,
ores (92012)
4. Process data and information: CPU
processes the data and converts them
Into information,
Function of CPU:
((uLatna wan 2010, SYMDICATE Ban 2020)
(3012012)
Read the Data
Interpret the data
Process the data
Calculate data
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Keyboard is a most commonly used text
Input device that is used to enter
{formation into the computer.
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(5 Av 2009 (OICATE BANK CER
2010) (OTT PCS 2012) (RA PATWAR PRE2015)
uvwcx (sr, 2.052010) (uPPcs)2019)4)
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Jt was invented by Christopher Latham
holes.
(ssceus 2017)
Any Teter, number or symbol found on
the keyboard that you can type into the
computer is know as character
(sar 209) Sica WANK CLR 2010)
(uy sino nan cee 2010)0002042)
frre remtme EXAM 16102016) (St
25102020) (eTPCOROA2021
‘The QWERTY Keyboard generally
contains 104 keys
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(urssscye2016)
Function Keys: Function keys situated at the
top ofthe keyboard,
99130082019)
NO] FanROR [Uses ofFunction Key
TF [Relp
z | #2 [Rename
3 [3 [Searet
+ | F [Repeat Last Action Redo]
(cry)
5 | [Refresh or Reload]
webpage
© | 5 [Used for activate the Menu
ar or to goto Address Bar|
ofany Browser.
7 | |speliing and Grammar
(Checking (or .122020)
| FS [Used to access Windows|
Safe Mode or to start
booting
3 | [Refresh document tn]
Microsoft Word, Send!
and receive e-mail in|
Microsoft Outlook.
‘Wavigation Keys Arter a
Navigation keys on a computer Keyboard
that is used to move the pointer around on
the sereen
(wrre ye 2019 (ssccns.o¢.08 2021)
Topgle Keys:
Caps lock, seroll Jock, number lock and insert
buttons are known as tole button because
its function goes back and forth every time it
Is pressed.
(mow cur zox0yaa 2022)
har qonioR ace 2019)
ral reuz%03202))
(wrrcassr accounTant 24022022)
CTRL, Shin, At keys are used for special
task,
(pom a so wan 2010)
1. Caps Lock:
Caps Tock key used when you want to
‘make all letters capital without having to
use the shift key for each character,
(Puma In mani cuERx 2010)
2. Num lock:
Num lock is used with numeric button.
When the num lock is enabled then
numeric keypad works as directional
(po cus 2010), 10 2012)
[Nuun Tock Keypad contains delete, enter
and number loc keys,
(SYNDICATE RANK PO 2010)
Numeric keypad keys enable the input of
smumbers quickly.
NCLB 201) (UMON BANK OF IIA 2012)
(abr cueex 2041)
3. Scroll Lock Button:
Scroll lock key is a toggle key
(uz0)
Information displayed on the monitor is
no] OM | uses Pavsed when the Sto og Bon
presed
|Arrow Keys [The arrow keys can bel] 4, Insert Button: The Insert button is used
used to move the cursor || "6 urn on and ff the insert mode andi
in he text that “has used to overwrite the data already
tlready been entered || "ed
Cigar kaye, watch ag] | Otter Special Key: There are many speci
ee ene ate|| keys a lke Retur/ ater, End Key, Ch,
see eae ontt|| shit Del sere Backspace, Space bat, Tab
treme — Bat et Down, 1] ye Shy Pt ren Sel ck,
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tine. “y (PATWAR 23.10.2021)
suzves 201004201
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Cursor tn ofthe line or || ansehen |e works as sro button
Bottom of he page. Ee
[Paes UPR [The page up key is wsed| ||? —JPrneSewen |e used for sreeshor|
fo move up the cursor of information which is
from one page to urenty shown on
another page monitorscreen
3 |PaseDows [The Page Down kay i] | [J —[Bnarietr enter button works a5
used to move Down the OK button. One puts
cursor from ane pe to Information into the
another. computer by pressing
Combination Rey/ehor his ey
Combination keys are those which work with hn (Dror meron 2079)
another ey Pred ech times new
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‘A Co an shit are also known as modifier ered etn ater,
key and combination key aiielamaalrs}
tan zon sees cuvsunsre) | eran Rhe Tab BORO wed
ene 24889) to" move “the cursor Best App for Govt Jobs: Neonelasses (Download Now)
cross the screen and] | 2. Clicking: Moving the mouse pointer over
indent a paragraph. an conor program and releasing the left
Traomormanoon cuees| | orright mouse button is called a cic,
2010) 3, Drag and Drop: Ie is used to describe
5 fsck Spice |The backspace Key 1s] |“ using the mouse to move an item on the
Key fused to delete a] | screentoa new location.
character to the left of (aunt ma cAnx 200,201)
the cursor. Dragging i= holding. the mouse butzon
(sntexenez0r1)|] down while moving an objec or tex
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tra nuvate mae ec2t| | Note: The ccklock property of the mouse
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femsed by resin the| | Dutton,
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Itheright oftheeursor. || scrolling situated between 2 standards
7 |eScKey [Bsc key on a keyboard] | Dutton. (mesc2041)
suse generate he | ype of cick
escape character. Fsc| (GRADE (oRAWING & PAINTING) 12012020)
key isnot used to run al | 4, rete click: Left clicks used t select any
*tersmocerraroczore| |. Metoler
f 2, Right Click: Right Ck s used to see the
sc ey Bs used tol) “properties of any fle and folder or a
Pancreas) Tpeaimens
{sar 20n) (RPS cK 201) (cya 2015)
5 [pracetar|It moves the cursor one| | 3, Double Click: To open any file o folder
space tothe rghtor pus] |“ we use double click By clicking mouse
spaces inbetween!) ye vormation goes to CP.
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