Autodesk AutoCAD 2007:

Fundamentals

Elise Moss

SDC
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Schroff Development Corporation

www.schroff.com
www.schroff-europe.com
 Autodesk AutoCAD 2007: Fundamentals

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Lesson 3 – Drawing Lines
Estimated Class Time: 2 Hours

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Objectives

This section introduces AutoCAD commands, for creating a simple drawing. Starting
with a New drawing, the user will learn to draw lines using different methods.

• Start From Scratch

Use the New command to begin a new drawing from “scratch”.

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• Line
Draw line segments.
• Line
Using Direct Distance Method

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• Line
Using Polar Tracking
• Line
Using Cartesian Coordinates
• Line
Absolute Coordinates
• Line
Relative Coordinates

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• Line
Polar Coordinates
• Line
Drag Method

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• Erase
Deleting AutoCAD entities

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Start from Scratch

Command Locator

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Toolbar Menu Standard/New
Pull Down Menu File / New
Command New
Alias Ctrl+N

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RMB Shortcut Menu
Dialog Box Create New Drawing

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MaterialFigure 1 – Create New Drawing Dialog Box

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NOTE
This dialog can only be accessed if you enable ‘Use a Startup Dialog’ on the
System tab of the Options dialog.

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If you do not change the setting to display the Startup dialog box, the following dialog
will appear when you select the New button.

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For the exercises in this section, we will be using the acad.dwt template. If you do not

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want to be prompted to select a template every time you start a new drawing, you can
change the settings on the Files tab in the Options dialog.

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Command Overview
To Create a New drawing, choose Start from Scratch, and select
English (feet and inches) default settings. This tutorial will cover

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other details of the Create New Drawing dialog box in the
chapter on File Management. Every time the New drawing
command is invoked, a new drawing is created with the title
Drawing1, Drawing2, Drawing3, etc.

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General Procedures

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1. Select the New button from the Standard Toolbar
2. Select Start from Scratch using either English or Metric default settings, and select OK.

Make it a habit to select the New file icon from the Standard Toolbar.
This is a quicker way to access the command, then from the Pull-
Down menu.

Close drawings that are not being used.

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The graphics window uses a Cartesian coordinate system. The lower left corner of the
screen shows a UCS (user coordinate system) icon. The icon shows x for horizontal and
y for vertical. The z-axis is pointed toward the user. The UCS is located at the 0,0 or
origin point.

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At the lower left corner of your screen, you will see some numbers. These numbers
reflect the coordinate point (x, y) of your mouse. Move your mouse around and note how

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the coordinate values change.

TIP
Use F6 to toggle your coordinates ON and OFF.

Your graphics window in AutoCAD emulates a piece of paper. LIMITS

controls the size of your piece of paper. When you start a new file, you can
specify the size of paper you want to draw on using Wizard or Templates.
AutoCAD really doesn’t care where you draw in your graphics window. You

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can draw outside the limits with impunity.

AutoCAD allows you to draw geometry using four methods:

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• Absolute Coordinates
• Relative Coordinates
• Polar Coordinates
• Direct Entry

Absolute Coordinates use absolute values relative to the origin.

Relative Coordinates use coordinates relative to the last point selected.

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Polar Coordinates use a distance and angle relative to the last point selected.

Direct Entry allows the user to set ORTHO on (this is like using a ruler to draw a straight

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line), move the mouse in the desired direction, and then enter in the desired distance.

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Line

Command Locator

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Toolbar Menu Draw/Line
Pull Down Menu Draw/Line
Command Line
Alias L

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RMB Shortcut Menu Drawing Window
Dialog Box

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Command Overview
A line is defined by two endpoints. A line has 0 width and 0
thickness. When drawing a line, specify the first point, then
specify the next point. Press the enter button on the mouse (with
the cursor in the drawing window) to access the Line Shortcut
menu. Type C to close two or more line segments.

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Figure 2 – Line Shortcut Menu

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Line Short-Cut Menu Option: Overview
Enter Select to exit the Line command.
Cancel Cancels the command.

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Recent Input Lists the most recently entered point coordinates
Close Closes the line to form a closed polygon.
Undo Undoes the last segment of the line.
Snap Overrides Brings up the right click Snap short cut menu
Pan Begins Real-Time Pan
Zoom Begins Real-Time Zoom

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General Procedures

1. Begin the line command by selecting the line icon in the Draw Toolbar or typing L at the

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blank command prompt.
2. Select the first point, select the next point, and continue selecting the endpoints of each
successive line segment.
3. Press the <ENTER> button on the mouse (with the cursor in the drawing window), then
select <ENTER> to end the Line command.
4. Press <ENTER> to Repeat the Line command.

Move the mouse after selecting each endpoint of the line. This will

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make it easier to see the last line segment created.

Double click on ORTHO in the Status Bar (or press F8) to alternate
between drawing straight or angled line segments.

Typing U for Undo in the middle of the line command will undo the

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last line segment. Typing U after completing line segments (at the
blank command prompt) will Undo the entire line command.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-1 – Line using Direct Distance
Method

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Drawing Name: Begin a new drawing
Estimated Time to Completion: 10 Minutes

Scope
Start a New drawing using the acad.dwt template. Enable DYN. With ORTHO
on, draw the object below. Drag the line in the desired direction and type the

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distance. Do not add the dimensions.

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Solution
1. Turn ORTHO on by pressing <F8> until the command line says '<Ortho on>'.

2. Invoke the Line command (l or line).

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3. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Type 2.5 for the X-coordinate. Type 3.5 for the Y-coordinate. Press ENTER.

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4.

Specify next point or [Undo]:

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Drag the cursor downward and type 2 and
press <ENTER>.

5.

Specify next point or [Undo]:

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Drag the cursor to the right and
type 1 and press <ENTER>.

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Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Drag the cursor downward and type 1 and
press <ENTER>.

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7.

Material Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:

Drag the cursor to the left and type 1 and press
<ENTER>.

8.
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Drag the cursor downward and type '1' and
press <ENTER>.

9.
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Drag the cursor to the left and type 1 and

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press <ENTER>.

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10. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Drag the cursor downward and type 1 and press <ENTER>.

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11.

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Specify next point or
[Close/Undo]:
Drag the cursor to the right
and type 2 and press
<ENTER>.

12.
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Specify next point or
[Close/Undo]:
Drag the cursor upward
and type 2 and press

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<ENTER>.

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13.

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Specify next point
or [Close/Undo]:
Drag the cursor to
the right and type
1' and press

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<ENTER>.

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14. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Drag the cursor upward and type 2 and press <ENTER>.

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15.
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Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Drag the cursor to the left and type 1 and press <ENTER>.

16.
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Drag the cursor downward and type 1 and
press <ENTER>.

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17.

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:

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Drag the cursor to the left and type 1 and press
<ENTER>.

18.

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Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Drag the cursor upward and type 1
and press <ENTER>.

19.
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Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Right-click in the drawing area and select 'Close' or
type 'C' and press <ENTER>.

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TIP
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If the lines look crooked, then ORTHO is not on. You must begin again. Try to draw all of the
line segments without starting and stopping the line command.
The Close option only works if you draw in one continuous line. Otherwise, you can simply

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draw a closing line from endpoint to endpoint.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-2 – Line Using Polar Tracking

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Drawing Name: Line2.dwg
Estimated Time to Completion: 10 Minutes

Scope
Open 'line2.dwg' and draw the object shown in the example using the line
command with POLAR enabled. Polar settings have already been made to
create the necessary angles. When you have completed the third segment, type
C to close the object. Press <ENTER> to repeat the line command, press

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<ENTER> again, and see that the line picks up from the last point selected.

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Figure 4 – Line Exercise

Solution

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1. Turn POLAR on.

Invoke the Line command (l or line).

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2. Specify first point:
Pick a start point of the line with your left mouse button near the #1 on the drawing.

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3. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Pick a second point near the #2 on the drawing.

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As you draw your line up to the #2, look for the Tooltip indicating the 57-degree angle.

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4. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Move your mouse near #3 and click to complete the second line segment.
As you draw your line up to the #2, look for the Tooltip indicating the 0-degree angle.

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5. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Use Object Tracking to line up your end point and set the Polar Angle to 240-degrees.

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6. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Right-click in the drawing area and select Close or type 'C' or 'CLOSE' and press
<ENTER> at the command line to create the final line segment.

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7. Right-click in the drawing area and select Repeat Line or press <ENTER> to repeat the
line command.

8. Specify first point:

Press <ENTER> to start the line at the last point selected.

9. Specify next point or [Undo]:

Press <Esc> to clear the command line.

TIPS

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When you closed your object did it complete the parallelogram? If not, you may have stopped
and restarted the line sequence, in which case the close option will refer to the new start point.

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Move your mouse, as you work to see what line segments you have just completed.
Click on ORTHO in the Status bar, or press the <F8> function key. Whichever is more
convenient at the time.
Make a habit of using the <ENTER> key to complete your AutoCAD commands, and to repeat
the last command used. Alternately, you may click the right mouse button and select the
Repeat option.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-3 – Line Using Cartesian
Coordinates

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Drawing Name: Begin a new drawing
Estimated Time to Completion: 10 Minutes

Scope
Start a New Drawing using the acad.dwt template and draw the object shown in
the example using the line command with Cartesian Coordinates. When you

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have completed the third segment, type C to close the object. Press <ENTER> to
repeat the line command, press <ENTER> again, and see that the line picks up
from the last point selected. Turn DYN off and ORTHO on for this exercise.

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Figure 5 – Line Exercise

Solution
1. Invoke the Line command (l or line).

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2. Specify first point:
Type 0,0 at the command line.

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3. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Type 3,0.

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4. Specify next point or [Undo]:
3,2

5. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:

4,2

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6. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
1.5,6

7. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:

-1,2

8. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:

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0,2

9. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:

Right-click in the drawing area and select 'Close' or type 'C' or 'CLOSE' and press
<ENTER> at the command line to create the final line segment.

Coordinate Entry
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Command Locator

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Toolbar Menu
Pull Down Menu
Command Type coordinates
Alias

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RMB Shortcut Menu
Dialog Box

Command Overview
Once the Units have been established, coordinates can be typed
to specify points or distances. Always draw full scale. There are

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four ways to specify coordinates: absolute, relative, polar, and
direct distance.

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Coordinate Entry Method Overview Examples
Absolute Coordinates The x and y coordinates are X,Y
determined by an absolute Origin 1,5
point of 0,0.

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Relative Coordinates The x and y coordinates reference @x,y
the last point selected in the @3,5
drawing.
Polar Coordinates The distance and angle specified @distance<angle
references the last point selected in @5<45
the drawing
Direct Distance Select the first point, then drag the Type the distance
cursor in the desired direction and 4

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type the distance.

General Procedures

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Using Absolute Coordinates:
1. When prompted to specify a point, type the Absolute coordinates for x and y (x,y)
2. Type the Absolute Coordinate for each successive point (x,y).
Typical Example: Inserting a Title Block or an Externally Referenced Drawing at a specific location.

Using Relative Coordinates:

1. When prompted to specify a point, select a point in the drawing.

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2. Type the Relative Coordinate for each successive point (@x,y).
Typical Example: Drawing a Rectangle.

Using Polar Coordinates:

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1. When prompted to specify a point, select a point in the drawing.
2. Type the Polar Coordinate for each successive point (@distance < angle).
Typical Example: Drawing lines or moving objects at a specified distance and angle other then
orthogonal angles.

Using Direct Distance:

1. When prompted to specify a point, select a point in the drawing.
2. Turn ORTHO on and drag the cursor in the desired direction.
3. Type the distance and press <ENTER>.

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Typical Example: Drawing lines or using the Move, Copy or Stretch commands.

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Always use object snap for selecting specific points in the drawing.

Remember to separate the x and y coordinates by a comma.
Example: 1,5 means the absolute coordinate where x=1 and y=5.

It is not necessary to type the z coordinate when z = 0.

Angles are typically measured counter-clockwise. Angle 0 is typically

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East.

Precede Relative and Polar coordinate information with an @ sign
(over the number 2 on the keyboard).

ORTHO should be on when using the direct distance method.

When drawing lines, or moving objects at specific angles(other than
with ORTHO on), type the polar coordinate (example: @10<45) or
use Polar Tracking Settings.

Typing the minimum number of keystrokes is important for drawing
efficiently. AutoCAD will fill in leading and trailing zeros and the
appropriate Unit endings.

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AutoCAD will convert decimal equivalents to feet and inches.

AutoCAD will assume inches, unless the foot mark ' is typed.

The Coordinates Display can be turned on or off from the Status Bar
by double clicking on it (LMB). If in the middle of a Draw or Modify
command, a third option will display the distance and <angle.

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The DYN toggle can be used to display and enter coordinates.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-4 – Absolute Coordinates

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Drawing Name: entry1.dwg
Estimated Time to Completion: 5 Minutes

Scope
Start the line command. Draw the objects using the absolute coordinates in the
order indicated. Connect the points using only the keyboard. Turn DYN off and
ORTHO on.

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Material Figure 6 – Absolute Coordinates Exercise

Solution
1. Invoke the Line command (l or line).

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2. Specify first point:
Type 1,1 at the command line and press <ENTER>. Notice where the first point of the

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line is created.
3. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Type 4,1 at the command line and press <ENTER>.
4. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Type 4,2 at the command line and press <ENTER>.
5. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Type 8,2 and press <ENTER>.
6. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Type 8,4 and press <ENTER>.

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7. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Type 1,4 and press <ENTER>.
8. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Type 1,1 and press <ENTER>.
9. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:

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Press the <ENTER> key to end the command.

TIP
You can also use the close option to complete the exercise rather than typing in the final '1,1'.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-5 – Absolute Coordinates

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Drawing Name: new drawing
Estimated Time to Completion: 5 Minutes

Scope
Start the line command. Draw the objects using the absolute coordinates in the
order indicated. Connect the points using only the keyboard.

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Figure 7 – Absolute Coordinates Exercise

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GRID SPACING IS 1 UNIT

Solution

1. START POINT IS 2,1 6. 4, 11

2. 8,1 7. 2, 9
3. 8,3 8. 4, 9
4. 6,3 9. 4, 3
5. 6, 11

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TIP
Use GRID and SNAP to assist you in drawing the figure. Use CLOSE to close your figure.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-6 – Relative Coordinates

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Drawing Name: entry2.dwg
Estimated Time to Completion: 5 Minutes
Scope
Start the line command. Draw the objects using the relative coordinates in the
order indicated. Connect the points using only the keyboard.

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SolutionMaterial Figure 8 – Relative Coordinates Exercise

1. Invoke the Line command (l or line).

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2. Specify first point:
Type 1,1 at the command line and press <ENTER>.
Notice where the first point of the line is created.
3. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Type @3,0 at the command line and press <ENTER>.

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4. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Type @0,1 at the command line and press <ENTER>.
5. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Type @4,0 and press <ENTER>.
6. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Type @0,2 and press <ENTER>.
7. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Type @-7,0 and press <ENTER>.

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8. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Type @0,-3 and press <ENTER>.
9. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Press the <ENTER> key to end the command.

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Extra
What would you type in to create the shape in a clockwise fashion
instead of counter clockwise direction? Try It.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-7 – Relative Coordinates

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Drawing Name: new drawing
Estimated Time to Completion: 5 Minutes

Scope
Start the line command. Draw the objects using the relative coordinates in the
order indicated. Connect the points using only the keyboard.

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GRID SPACING = 1 UNIT SPACE

Solution
1.
2. @4,0
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START AT 2,1 11.
12.
3. @0, 3 13.
4. @2,0 14.
5. @0, -3 15.

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6. @4, 0 16
7. @0, 2 17.
8. @-2, 0 18.

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9. @0, 3 19.
10. @2,0 20.

FILL IN THE COORDINATES BEFORE STARTING THE DRAWING.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-8 – Polar Coordinates

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Drawing Name: entry3.dwg
Estimated Time to Completion: 5 Minutes
Scope
Start the line command. Draw the objects using the polar coordinates in the order
indicated. Connect the points using only the keyboard.

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SolutionMaterial Figure 10 – Polar Coordinates Exercise

1. Invoke the Line command (l or line).

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2. Specify first point:
Type 1,1 at the command line and press <ENTER>.
Notice where the first point of the line is created.
3. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Type @3<0 at the command line and press <ENTER>.

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4. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Type @1<90 and press <ENTER>.
5. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Type @4<0 and press <ENTER>.
6. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Type @2<90 and press <ENTER>.
7. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Type @7<180 and press <ENTER>.
8. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:

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Type @3<270 and press <ENTER>.
9. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Press the <ENTER> key to end the command.

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Extra
What would happen if you typed @-3<180 in step 3 in the exercise?
Try it.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-9 – Polar Coordinates

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Drawing Name: new drawing
Estimated Time to Completion: 5 Minutes

Scope
Start the line command. Draw the objects using the polar coordinates in the order
indicated. Connect the points using only the keyboard.

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Figure 11 – Polar Coordinates Exercise
GRID SPACING = 1 UNIT SPACE
FORMAT IS DISTANCE < ANGLE

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Solution
REFERENCE POINT IS THE LAST POINT ENTERED
1. START POINT 2,1 11.
2. @2<0 12.
3. @2.5<37 13.
4. @1.5<90 14.

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5. @2<0 15.
6. @2<-270 16.
7. @2.5<-37 17.
8. @2<0 18.

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9. @2<90 19.
10. @-2.5<-37 20.

FILL IN THE COORDINATES BEFORE STARTING THE DRAWING.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-10 – Drag Method

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Drawing Name: entry4.dwg
Estimated Time to Completion: 5 Minutes
Scope
Start the line command. Draw the objects using the direct distance method to
draw the object.

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SolutionMaterial Figure 12 – Drag Method Exercise

1. Invoke the Line command (l or line).

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2. Specify first point:
Type 1,1 and press <ENTER>.
Notice where the first point of the line is created.
3. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Toggle ORTHO on at the status bar.

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4. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Drag the mouse to the right, type 3 and press <ENTER>.
5. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Drag the mouse upward, type 1 and press <ENTER>.
6. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Drag the mouse to the right, type 4 and press <ENTER>.
7. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Drag the mouse upward, type 2 and press <ENTER>.
8. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:

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Drag the mouse to the left, type 7 and press <ENTER>.
9. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Drag the mouse downward, type 3 and press <ENTER>.
10. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:

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Press the <ENTER> key to end the command.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-11 – Drag Method

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Drawing Name: new drawing
Estimated Time to Completion: 5 Minutes

Scope
Start the line command. Draw the objects using the direct distance method to
draw the object.

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Figure 13 – Drag Method Exercise

Solution

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1. START AT 4, 1 7.
2. MOUSE RIGHT 5 UNITS 8.
3. MOUSE UP 2 UNITS 9.
4. MOUSE RIGHT 2 UNITS 10.
5. MOUSE UP 4 UNITS 11.
6. MOUSE RIGHT 1 UNIT 12.

FILL IN THE COORDINATES BEFORE STARTING THE DRAWING.

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Use F8 to toggle ORTHO ON and OFF or use the ORTHO button located on the bottom of the

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screen.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-12 –Mixed Method

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Drawing Name: new drawing
Estimated Time to Completion: 5 Minutes

Scope
Start the line command. Using the table, create a mystery figure.

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Solution
Draw an object by connecting the point coordinates below.

Points Coordinates Points Coordinates

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1 2,2 8 @-1.5,0
2 @1.5,0 9 @0,1.25
3 @.75<90 10 @-1.25,1.25
4 @1.5<0 11 @2<180
5 @0,-.75 12 @-1.25,-1.25
6 @3,0 13 @2.25<270
7 @1<90

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Extra
What was the easiest method?

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Erase

Command Locator

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Toolbar Menu Modify/Erase
Pull Down Menu Modify/Erase
Command Erase

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Alias E
RMB Shortcut Menu
Dialog Box

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Command Overview
Erase deletes selected objects. Press <ENTER> after selecting
the objects to erase to execute the command. Type OOPS to
bring back the last set of erased objects, even if other objects
were drawn since the last erase.

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General Procedures

1. Begin the erase command by selecting the Erase icon from the Modify Toolbar or typing
E at the blank command prompt.

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2. Place the cursor over the objects to erase and pick (LMB).

If the cursor is not over an object, a selection window will appear.

Make the other corner of the selection window.

A Selection Window made from Left to Right will select only the
objects completely in the window.

A Selection Window made from Right to Left will select all objects the
window crosses.

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Typing All (and pressing <ENTER>) will select all objects in the
drawing to erase. Press <ENTER> to execute the command.

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Command Exercise
Exercise 3-13 – Erase

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Drawing Name: erase1.dwg
Estimated Time to Completion: 5 Minutes

Scope
Erase the objects in the drawing. Draw some more lines. Type OOPS to bring
back the last set of erased objects.

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Figure 14 – Erase Exercise
Solution

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1. Invoke the Erase command (e or erase).

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2. Select objects:
Select the objects by typing ALL and pressing <ENTER>, picking each line individually,
or using the Window method. When all the objects are highlighted, press <ENTER> to
execute the Erase command.
3. Invoke the Line command (l or line).

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4. Specify first point:
Use your LMB to pick the start point of a line segment. Select any location on the
drawing.
5. Specify next point or [Undo]:
Continue to use the LMB to create lines on the drawing.

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6. Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Press the <ENTER> key to end the line command.
7. Type OOPS at the command line and press the <ENTER> key.

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Autodesk AutoCAD 2007: Fundamentals

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TIP
Select all the objects to erase, then press <ENTER> to execute the command. To remove an
object from the selection set, hold down the shift key and select the object again. See that it is
removed from the selection set. Then press <ENTER>.

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 Drawing Lines

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Review Questions

1. At the select object prompt, what letter must you type to select using a window?
 W

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 SO
 SP
 S

2. Write down the letter to type for each of the following Object Selection options:
Previous ________________________
Last ________________________
Fence ________________________

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All ________________________
Crossing Window ________________________
Crossing Polygon ________________________
Window Polygon ________________________

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3. When selecting objects by picking in a blank area in the drawing window, what is the
difference between the following:
Making a select box from right to left. ________
Making a select box from left to right. ________

4. When using the POLAR method of coordinate entry, which tray button should be enabled?

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5. When entering direct coordinates, which tray button should be disabled?

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Autodesk AutoCAD 2007: Fundamentals

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Review Answers

1. W for window
2. P,L,F,A or enter, CW, CP, CW.

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3. WINDOW, CROSSING
4. POLAR
5. DYN

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