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Database Management Answers

The document provides SQL queries for creating a 'students' table, inserting records, deleting rows based on age, updating grades, and displaying student information using PL/SQL. It includes explanations for each query, detailing the purpose and functionality of the SQL commands. The examples cover various operations such as constraints, data types, and cursor usage.

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basiratrandhawa07
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0 views

Database Management Answers

The document provides SQL queries for creating a 'students' table, inserting records, deleting rows based on age, updating grades, and displaying student information using PL/SQL. It includes explanations for each query, detailing the purpose and functionality of the SQL commands. The examples cover various operations such as constraints, data types, and cursor usage.

Uploaded by

basiratrandhawa07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1: Write an SQL query to create a table named "students" with columns "id", "name", "age", and "grade".

Answer:
CREATE TABLE students (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
age INT CHECK (age > 0),
grade DECIMAL(3,2) CHECK (grade BETWEEN 0 AND 4.0)
);
Explanation: The id column is a PRIMARY KEY ensuring uniqueness. The name column is VARCHAR(50) and NOT
NULL. The age column has a CHECK constraint for positive values. The grade column is DECIMAL(3,2) with a CHECK
constraint for valid range.

Q2: Write an SQL query to insert a new row into the "students" table with id=1, name="John", age=20, and grade=3.5.
Answer:
INSERT INTO students (id, name, age, grade) VALUES (1, 'John', 20, 3.5);
Explanation: The INSERT INTO statement adds a new record to the students table. The VALUES clause specifies the
data. 'John' is a string, requiring quotes. id, age, and grade are numbers, so they do not need quotes.
Inserting multiple records:
INSERT INTO students (id, name, age, grade) VALUES (2, 'Alice', 22, 3.8), (3, 'Bob', 19, 2.9), (4, 'Eve', 21, 3.2);

Q3: Write an SQL query to delete all rows from the "students" table where age is less than 18.
Answer:
DELETE FROM students WHERE age < 18;
Explanation: The DELETE FROM statement removes records where age < 18. Without the WHERE clause, all rows
would be deleted.
Checking records before deletion:
SELECT * FROM students WHERE age < 18;
Using TRUNCATE to remove all records:
TRUNCATE TABLE students;

Q4: Write an SQL query to update the grade of the student with id=1 to 4.0.
Answer:
UPDATE students SET grade = 4.0 WHERE id = 1;
Explanation: The UPDATE statement modifies the grade of the student with id=1. The WHERE clause ensures only this
record is updated.
Updating multiple columns:
UPDATE students SET grade = 4.0, age = 21 WHERE id = 1;
Updating multiple records:
UPDATE students SET grade = grade + 0.5 WHERE grade < 3.0;
Checking after update:
SELECT * FROM students WHERE id = 1;

Q5: Write a PL/SQL block to display the name and age of all students who have a grade greater than 3.0.
Answer:
DECLARE
CURSOR student_cursor IS SELECT name, age FROM students WHERE grade > 3.0;
student_name students.name%TYPE;
student_age students.age%TYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN student_cursor;
LOOP
FETCH student_cursor INTO student_name, student_age;
EXIT WHEN student_cursor%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || student_name || ', Age: ' || student_age);
END LOOP;
CLOSE student_cursor;
END;
/

Explanation: The cursor student_cursor selects students with grade > 3.0. Variables store fetched data. The cursor
opens, loops through records, and prints student details. Finally, the cursor is closed.

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