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Module 3 Part 2

The document outlines the design procedure for sequential circuits, detailing steps such as specification, formulation, state assignment, and verification. It emphasizes the importance of state diagrams and state tables in representing circuit behavior and provides examples of state transitions and outputs. Additionally, it includes references to quizzes and further examples for practical understanding.

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dev.upadhyay2728
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© © All Rights Reserved
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3 views

Module 3 Part 2

The document outlines the design procedure for sequential circuits, detailing steps such as specification, formulation, state assignment, and verification. It emphasizes the importance of state diagrams and state tables in representing circuit behavior and provides examples of state transitions and outputs. Additionally, it includes references to quizzes and further examples for practical understanding.

Uploaded by

dev.upadhyay2728
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Design Procedure

• Specification
• Formulation - Obtain a state diagram or state table
• State Assignment - Assign binary codes to the states
• Flip-Flop Input Equation Determination - Select flip-flop types and derive
flip-flop equations from next state entries in the table
• Output Equation Determination - Derive output equations from output
entries in the table
• Optimization - Optimize the equations
• Technology Mapping - Find circuit from equations and map to flip-flops
and gate technology
• Verification - Verify correctness of final design

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Formulation: Finding a State Diagram

• A state is an abstraction of the history of the past applied inputs to the


circuit (including power-up reset or system reset).
– The interpretation of “past inputs” is tied to the synchronous operation of
the circuit. E. g., an input value (other than an asynchronous reset) is
measured only during the setup-hold time interval for an edge-triggered
flip-flop.
• Examples:
– State A represents the fact that a 1 input has occurred among the past
inputs.
– State B represents the fact that a 0 followed by a 1 have occurred as the
most recent past two inputs.

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table

Circuits with Flip-Flop = Sequential Circuit

Circuit = State Diagram = State Table State

Minimization

Sequential Circuit Design


Example: Sequence Detector Example:

Binary Counter

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Circuit, State Diagram,
State Table

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table
Terms:

State: flip-flop output combination Present state: before clock


Next state: after clock

State transition <= clock 1 flip-flop => 2 states


2flip-flops => 4 states
3flip-flops => 8 states
4flip-flops => 16 states

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table
Sequential circuit components:

Flip-flop(s) Clock Logic gates Input Output

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table
State diagram:

Circle => state Arrow => transition


input/output

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table
State table:

Left column => current state Top row => input combination

Table entry => next state, output

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Circuit, State Table, State Diagram
Example:

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Circuit, State Table, State Diagram
Example:

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Circuit, State Table, State Diagram
Example:

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Circuit, State Table, State Diagram
Example:

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Circuit, State Table, State Diagram
Example:

Show the state table and


state diagram

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circuit
 state table
 state diagram

16
0 0

1
00/0 01/0

1 1

11 /1 10 /0
1

0 0

circuit
 state table
 state diagram

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0 0

1
00/0 01/0

1 1

11 /1 10 /0
1

0 0

circuit
 state table
 state diagram

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Circuit, State Table, State Diagram
Example:

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table

Example: state diagram = state


table

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table
Example: state diagram = state
table

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table
Example: Show the state diagram of following circuit

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table
Example: Show the state diagram of following circuit

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table
More Example: Binary Counter – show state diagram and
table

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table
More Example: Binary Counter – show state diagram and
table

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Circuit, State Diagram, State Table
Quiz:
http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part3/t-
diag.htm

Circuit, State Diagram, State Table


Quiz: solution
http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part3/t-diag.htm

Circuit, State Diagram, State Table


More Example:
http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part3/example1-1.htm

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